45-520: The Meehan Range is a prominent geographical feature of steep hills running parallel to the River Derwent on Hobart 's eastern shore. It is located in the City of Clarence , Tasmania . It is a protected area, and is often enjoyed for recreational activities including an expanding network of mountain bike trails. It is named after the early surveyor of Hobart, James Meehan . As the skyline of
90-640: A national County flowers of the United Kingdom campaign by the charity Plantlife . In 2012, a flag based on the arms of the former Cumberland County Council was registered as the flag of Cumberland with the Flag Institute . In 2013, the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government , Eric Pickles , formally recognised and acknowledged the continued existence of England's 39 historic counties, including Cumberland. In 2021, it
135-544: A number of parishes, areas originally formed for ecclesiastical administration. In common with other northern England counties, many ancient parishes in Cumberland were very large, often consisting of a number of distinct townships and hamlets. Many of these ancient parishes eventually became civil parishes and form the lowest level of local government. Cumberland Ward included Carlisle and Wigton as well as parts of Inglewood Forest . The parish of Stanwix just to
180-522: A population of 50,000 people or more to become a " county borough ", independent of county council control. In 1914, Carlisle successfully applied for this status, ceasing to form part of the administrative county , although remaining within Cumberland for the purposes such as Lieutenancy and shrievalty . The Local Government Act 1929 imposed the duty on county councils of reviewing the districts within their administrative county so as to form more efficient units of local government. In general, this meant
225-512: A significant portion of Hobart's water needs. The river is also crucial for recreation, supporting activities such as boating, fishing, and leisure along its banks. Additionally, it facilitates marine transportation and various industrial activities, playing a central role in Tasmania's economy and lifestyle. The upper part of the river was named after the River Derwent, Cumbria by British Commodore John Hayes who explored it in 1793. The name
270-490: Is Brythonic Celtic for "valley thick with oaks". Matthew Flinders placed the name "Derwent River" on all of the river. The name "River Derwent" was officially endorsed on 20 May 1959. The River Derwent valley was inhabited by the Mouheneener people for at least 8,000 years before British settlement. Evidence of their occupation is found in many middens along the banks of the river. The first European to chart
315-517: Is the county town . The Earldom of Carlisle was partitioned into baronies. When the County of Cumberland was created, the baronies were subdivided as wards , a county sub-division also used in Durham , Northumberland and Westmorland . These originated as military subdivisions used to organise the male inhabitants for the county's defence from Scottish troop incursions. Each ward was composed of
360-590: The Central Highlands at Lake St Clair , descending over 700 metres (2,300 ft) across a distance of more than 200 kilometres (120 mi). At the settlement of New Norfolk in the Derwent Valley its waters become brackish , flowing through Hobart , the capital city of Tasmania, its seawater estuary eventually empties into Storm Bay and the Tasman Sea . Historically, the banks of
405-602: The Local Government Act 1888 , the Cumberland County Council was created as the county council for Cumberland, taking over administrative functions from the Court of Quarter Sessions . The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the existing sanitary districts as urban districts and rural districts , each with an elected council. The Act of 1888 also allowed any municipal borough with
450-646: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 was passed, reforming boroughs and cities in England and Wales as municipal boroughs with a uniform constitution. The corporation of the City of Carlisle was accordingly remodelled with a popularly elected council consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors. Outside of municipal boroughs, there was no effective local government until the 1840s. In response to poor sanitary conditions and outbreaks of cholera ,
495-538: The Public Health Act 1848 ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63) and the Local Government Act 1858 allowed for the formation of local boards of health in populous areas. Local boards were responsible inter alia for water supply, drainage, sewerage, paving and cleansing. Eleven local boards were initially formed at Brampton, Cleator Moor, Cockermouth, Egremont, Holme Cultram, Keswick, Maryport, Millom, Penrith, Whitehaven, Wigton and Workington. Further reform under
SECTION 10
#1732775459670540-568: The Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55) saw the creation of sanitary districts throughout England and Wales. The existing municipal boroughs and local boards became "urban sanitary districts", while "rural sanitary districts" were formed from the remaining areas of the poor law unions. Three more local boards were formed: Arlecdon and Frizington in 1882, Harrington in 1891 and Aspatria in 1892. In addition Workington and Whitehaven received charters of incorporation to become municipal boroughs in 1883 and 1894 respectively. In 1889, under
585-457: The endangered swift parrot and forty-spotted pardalote . This Clarence, Tasmania geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . River Derwent (Tasmania) The River Derwent , also known as timtumili minanya in palawa kani , is a significant river and tidal estuary in Tasmania, Australia . It begins its journey as a freshwater river in
630-697: The unitary authority area of Cumberland , which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith . In the Early Middle Ages , Cumbria was part of the Kingdom of Strathclyde in the Hen Ogledd , or "Old North", and its people spoke a Brittonic language now called Cumbric . The first record of the term 'Cumberland' appears in AD 945, when the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the area
675-713: The Cumberland Athletics Club; and various organisations and companies, such as the local newspapers The Cumberland News , and The West Cumberland Times and Star , and the Cumberland Building Society . It is also mentioned in Macbeth as the kingdom given to Prince Malcolm, and is also the initial setting for the Geoffrey Trease historical novel Cue for Treason . In June 1994, during the 1990s UK local government reform ,
720-780: The Derwent is the 113,000-tonne (111,000-long-ton), 61-metre (200 ft) high, ocean liner Diamond Princess , which made her first visit in January 2006. At points in its lower reaches the river is nearly 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide, and as such is the widest river in Tasmania. The Derwent estuary contains dozens of white sandy beaches, many of which are staples of local activity within Hobart suburbs and include Bellerive Beach , Blackmans Bay Beach , Howrah Beach , Nutgrove Beach , Lords Beach , Long Beach , Taroona Beach , Hinsby Beach , Kingston Beach and Windermere Beach. Until
765-444: The Derwent were covered by forests and frequented by Aboriginal Tasmanians . With the arrival of European settlers, the area saw agricultural development and the construction of dams for hydro-electricity generation during the 20th century. Today, the Derwent's catchment area is characterised by agriculture , forestry , and hydropower generation. It serves as a vital source of water for irrigation and urban supply, notably providing
810-468: The Derwent, preys on not only the fish eggs, but also on the sea squirts ( ascidians ) that help to form the substrate that the fish spawn on. Several bridges connect the western shore (the more heavily populated side of the river) to the eastern shore of Hobart – in the greater Hobart area, these include the five lane Tasman Bridge , near the CBD, just north of the port; the four lane Bowen Bridge ; and
855-569: The Local Government Commission published draft recommendations, suggesting as one option a North Cumbria unitary authority (also including Appleby , the historic county town of Westmorland). It also suggested that Cumberland could be reinstated as an independent ceremonial county . The final recommendations, published in October 1994, did not include such recommendations, apparently due to lack of expression of support for
900-490: The Meadowbank, Cluny, Repulse, Catagunya, Wayatinah, Liapootah and King William lakes or lagoons. The Upper Derwent is affected by agricultural run-off, particularly from land clearing and forestry. The Lower Derwent suffers from high levels of toxic heavy metal contamination in sediments. The Tasmanian Government -backed Derwent Estuary Program has commented that the levels of mercury , lead , zinc and cadmium in
945-630: The Meehan Range is protected from development, it is covered in native bushland, which makes it prone to bushfire during Australia 's hot summers. Much of the range was devastated in the Hobart fires of 1967. The range forms part of the South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area , identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in the conservation of a range of woodland birds, especially
SECTION 20
#1732775459670990-408: The administration of the poor law , which was carried at parish level. The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 provided for the grouping of parishes into poor law unions , each with a central workhouse and an elected board of guardians . Cumberland was divided into nine unions: Alston with Garrigill, Bootle, Brampton, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Longtown, Penrith, Whitehaven and Wigton. In the following year
1035-507: The area was regained by King David I of Scotland . He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy civil war . The Cumbric language is believed to have become extinct in the 12th century. The area returned to the English crown in 1157, when Henry II of England took possession of the area (from Malcolm IV of Scotland ). Henry II formed two new counties from
1080-632: The boundary crosses the Pennines to descend Crowdundale Beck, from where it followed the rivers Eden and Eamont to the centre of Ullswater . The line follows Glencoin Beck to the top of Helvellyn ridge at Wrynose Pass and along the River Duddon (near Millom ) to the sea . The highest point of the county is Scafell Pike , at 3,208 feet (978 m), the highest mountain in England. Carlisle
1125-535: The construction of several hydro-electric dams between 1934 and 1968, the river was prone to flooding. Now there are more than twenty dams and reservoirs used for the generation of hydro-electricity on the Derwent and its tributaries, including the Clyde , Dee , Jordan , Nive , Ouse , Plenty and Styx rivers. Seven lakes have been formed by damming the Derwent and the Nive rivers for hydroelectric purposes and include
1170-658: The east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The area includes the city of Carlisle , part of the Lake District and North Pennines , and the Solway Firth coastline. Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire . It gives its name to
1215-650: The former earldom: Westmorland and Carliol – originally an abbreviation of the Latin Carlioliensis '[bishop] of Carlisle'. Westmorland also included areas formerly part of the Earldom of Lancaster . The lead- and silver-mining area of Alston , previously associated with the Liberty of Tynedale was later also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons. By 1177, Carliol had become known as Cumberland. The border between England and Scotland
1260-658: The mean annual flow is 90 cubic metres per second (3,200 cu ft/s). The large estuary forms the Port of the City of Hobart – the deepest sheltered harbour in the Southern Hemisphere . Some past guests of the port include HMS Beagle in February 1836, carrying Charles Darwin ; the USS ; Enterprise ; USS John C. Stennis and USS Missouri . The largest vessel to ever travel
1305-419: The merging of small or lightly populated areas into larger units. A review was carried in Cumberland in 1934. The following table lists the urban and rural districts before and after the changes. The distribution of population in 1971 was as follows:1971 Census; Small Area Statistics In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972 , the administrative county and county borough were abolished and their former area
1350-626: The most northerly crossing is at Derwent Bridge , before the river reaches its source of Lake St Clair . At the Derwent Bridge crossing, the flow of the river is generally narrow enough to be stepped across. The river is the subject of the multimedia performance "Falling Mountain" (2005 Mountain Festival), a reference to the mountain in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park from which
1395-401: The north of Carlisle was partly in both Eskdale and Cumberland wards. * Parts or all of these parishes and townships constituted the City of Carlisle, and were largely outside the jurisdiction of Cumberland Ward. During the 19th century a series of reforms reshaped the local government of the county, creating a system of districts with directly elected councils. The first changes concerned
Meehan Range - Misplaced Pages Continue
1440-704: The northeast. To the west the county is bounded by the Solway Firth and the Irish Sea . The northern boundary is formed by the Solway Estuary and the border with Scotland running east to Scotch Knowe at Kershope Burn. The boundary runs south from Scotch Knowe along the Cheviot Hills , then followed a tributary of the River Irthing and crossed Denton Fell to the River Tees . From Tees Head
1485-547: The possessions of the Earl of Northumbria , had been incorporated into Yorkshire . In AD 1092, King William Rufus of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to Ranulf le Meschin . In 1133, Carlisle was made the see of a new diocese , largely identical with the area of the earldom. However, on the death of King Henry I of England in 1135,
1530-501: The proposal to the commission. The Grass-of-Parnassus was the county flower . It had been associated with the county since 1951, when it was included in the coat of arms granted to the Cumberland County Council. It subsequently featured in the arms granted to Cumbria County Council and Copeland Borough Council , in both cases to represent Cumberland. The flower was also attributed to Cumbria in 2002 as part of
1575-436: The river during months in winter and spring when their migration takes place. Some females even started using calm waters of the river as a safe ground for giving birth to their calves and would stay over following weeks after disappearance of almost 200 years due to being wiped out by intense whaling activities. In the winter months of 2014, humpback whales and a minke whale (being the first confirmed record of this species in
1620-439: The river exceed national guidelines. In 2015 the program recommended against consuming shellfish and cautioned against consuming fish in general. Nutrient levels in the Derwent between 2010 and 2015 increased in the upper estuary (between Bridgewater and New Norfolk) where there had been algal blooms . A large proportion of toxic heavy metal contamination stems from legacy pollution caused by major industries that discharge into
1665-639: The river including Nyrstar Hobart , a historic smelter establish at Lutana in 1916, and the Norske Skog Boyer paper mill at Boyer which opened in 1941. The Derwent adjoins or flows through the Pittwater–Orielton Lagoon , Interlaken Lakeside Reserve and Goulds Lagoon, all wetlands of significance protected under the Ramsar Convention . In recent years, southern right whales finally started making appearance in
1710-477: The river rises. The Derwent is mentioned in the song, Mt Wellington Reverie by Australian band, Augie March . Hobart is located in the foothills of Mount Wellington . Cumberland Cumberland ( / ˈ k ʌ m b ər l ə n d / KUM -bər-lənd ) is a historic county in North West England . The historic county is bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to
1755-472: The river was Bruni d'Entrecasteaux , who named it the Rivière du Nord in 1793. Later that same year, John Hayes explored the river and named it after the River Derwent , which runs past his birthplace of Bridekirk , Cumberland . When first explored by Europeans, the lower parts of the valley were clad in thick she-oak forests, remnants of which remain in various parts of the lower foreshore. There
1800-710: The river) have been recorded feeding in the River Derwent for the first time since the whaling days of the 1800s. The rare spotted handfish ( Brachionichthys hirsutus ), whose only habitat is in the Derwent estuary and surrounds, was the first marine fish to be listed as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List , in 1996. The fish is threatened by the Northern Pacific seastar's invasion into southern Australian waters . The Northern Pacific seastar ( Asterias amurensis ), now firmly established in
1845-684: The two lane Bridgewater Bridge and Causeway . Until 1964 the Derwent was crossed by the unique Hobart Bridge , a floating concrete structure just upstream from where the Tasman Bridge now stands. Travelling further north from the Bridgewater crossing, the next crossing point is the Blair Street Bridge at New Norfolk , slightly north of the point where the Derwent reverts from seawater to fresh water , Bushy Park , Upper Meadowbank Lake , Lake Repulse Road, Wayatinah , and
Meehan Range - Misplaced Pages Continue
1890-669: Was a thriving whaling industry until the 1840s when the industry rapidly declined due to over-exploitation. Formed by the confluence of the Narcissus and Cuvier rivers within Lake St Clair , the Derwent flows generally southeast over a distance of 187 kilometres (116 mi) to New Norfolk and the estuary portion extends a further 52 kilometres (32 mi) out to the Tasman Sea. Flows average in range from 50 to 140 cubic metres per second (1,800 to 4,900 cu ft/s) and
1935-545: Was ceded to Malcolm I , king of Alba (Scotland), by King Edmund I of England . As with 'Cymru' , the native Welsh name for Wales , the names 'Cumberland' and 'Cumbria' are derived from kombroges in Common Brittonic , which originally meant "compatriots". At the time of the Domesday Book (AD 1086) most of the future county was part of Scotland, although some villages around Millom , which were
1980-605: Was combined with Westmorland and parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire to form the new county of Cumbria . The area from Cumberland went on to form the districts of Carlisle , Allerdale , Copeland and part of Eden . The name continues in use as a geographical and cultural term, and it survives in Cumberland sausages ; HMS Cumberland ; the Cumberland Fell Runners Club;
2025-528: Was made permanent by the Treaty of York in 1237. The boundaries formed in the 12th century were not changed substantially over the county's existence. There are four English historic counties and two Scottish counties that it borders: Northumberland and County Durham to the east; Westmorland to the south, the Furness part of Lancashire to the southwest; Dumfriesshire to the north and Roxburghshire to
#669330