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59-460: Melbourne Express was a free newspaper distributed on weekday mornings at railway stations in Melbourne , Australia . It was published by Fairfax Media . Melbourne Express was launched on 5 February 2001. A day earlier, mX , another free newspaper also aimed at commuters that was distributed in the evenings, was launched by News Corporation . Melbourne Express ceased publication on

118-487: A day-to-day basis by the city manager, an appointed official who serves at their pleasure. The city's main office is at City Hall, the former Armory Hall listed on the National Register of Historic Places at the intersection of South Galena Street and East Hopkins Avenue. Because of its expansion in the late-20th century, it has outgrown that space. Several city departments are housed in satellite offices around

177-580: A degree of affordability for local residents, but even deed-restricted properties in the area can cost close to $ 1 million. The Winter X Games sports event has been held in Aspen at Buttermilk (ski area) since 2002. Aspen natives Torin Yater-Wallace and Alex Ferreira are both freestyle skiers who compete in the Winter X Games and have very successful careers. Both Torin and Alex have represented

236-595: A free community daily by Rupert Murdoch 's News Ltd. In 1885, the General-Anzeiger für Lübeck und Umgebung (Germany) was launched. The paper was founded in 1882 by Charles Coleman (1852–1936) as a free twice-a-week advertising paper in the Northern German town of Lübeck. In 1885 the paper went daily. From the beginning the General-Anzeiger für Lübeck had a mixed model, for 60 pfennig it

295-422: A household in the city was $ 53,750, and the median income for a family was $ 70,300. Males had a median income of $ 41,011 versus $ 32,023 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 40,680. About 3.6 percent of families and 8.2 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.4 percent of those under age 18 and 2.6 percent of those age 65 or over. Aspen's single-family home prices are among

354-539: A mining camp during the Colorado Silver Boom and later named Aspen for the abundance of aspen trees in the area, the city boomed during the 1880s, its first decade. The boom ended when the Panic of 1893 led to a collapse of the silver market. For the next half-century, known as "the quiet years", the population steadily declined, reaching a nadir of fewer than 1000 by 1930 . Aspen's fortunes recovered in

413-410: A period of six months and will be emptied daily by London Underground cleaning contractors, MetroNet and Tube Lines . Westminster Council recently announced that 120 tonnes of free newspapers were collected in six months from the 70 extra recycling bins that were sponsored by Associated Newspapers and News International . This figure falls short of the councils 400 tonnes per annum target. During

472-535: A public television station, the Grassroots TV network; three commercial radio stations, KSNO , KTND , and KSPN ; two daily newspapers, The Aspen Times and The Aspen Daily News ; three local lifestyle magazines, Aspen Sojourner , Aspen Magazine and the biannual Aspen Peak ; and a local, live, commercial lifestyle television channel, Aspen 82. The city's character has transformed dramatically in recent decades by skyrocketing property values and

531-411: A second and third home to many international jet-setters. Many people from the U.S. and abroad vacation in Aspen, especially during the winter. The downtown has been largely transformed into an upscale shopping district that includes high-end restaurants, salons, and boutiques. Stores such as Gucci , Prada and Fendi dot South Mill Street and act as a "Rodeo Drive" of Aspen. The city sits along

590-465: A ski resort began in the 1930s when investors conceived of a ski area, but the project was interrupted by World War II . Friedl Pfeifer, a member of the 10th Mountain Division who had trained in the area, returned to the area and linked up with industrialist Walter Paepcke and his wife Elizabeth . The Aspen Skiing Company was founded in 1946 and the city quickly became a well-known resort, hosting

649-573: A study of 44 global ski resorts. Aspen is the world's second-highest-rated ski resort in terms of "the quality and reliability of their conditions and their capacity to withstand climate change." The city's roots are traced to the winter of 1879, when a group of miners ignored pleas by Frederick Pitkin , Governor of Colorado, to return across the Continental Divide to avoid a Ute uprising. The Utes were fighting to maintain possession of their land and communities. Originally named Ute City,

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708-680: A three-month trial and will see newspaper recycling bins located on platforms one through to four and 15 through to 19. Approximately 75,000 issues of the Metro are handed out at South West Trains' stations every morning; this represents around 12 tonnes of paper. Once the trial is complete, the companies say that they will measure the success and consider extending the scheme on a permanent basis. London Underground have partnered with London's Metro free newspaper to place bins at Watford, West Ruislip, Stanmore, Cockfosters, Hainault and High Barnet tube stations. The bins will be in place from 6 October for

767-846: A total circulation of 1.7 million. In March 2006 former Palo Alto Daily News managing editor Jeramy Gordon launched the Santa Barbara Daily Sound in Santa Barbara, California . Less than two months later, Dave Price (journalist) and Jim Pavelich launched the San Francisco Daily , which in 2008 morphed into the Palo Alto Daily Post , moving offices from San Francisco to Palo Alto. In almost every European market where free newspapers were introduced there have been lawsuits on every possible ground, from unfair competition to littering, from

826-632: Is the clash between publishers or, to be more precise, between local publishers and entrepreneurs like in Cologne. In many cities publishers turned the market that has been quiet for decades into a battlefield. Local publishers are now responsible for almost half of the total circulation of free daily newspapers. They have a monopoly in Belgium , the UK , Singapore , Melbourne , Austria , Argentina and Iceland . However, in other markets ( France , Switzerland ,

885-622: The Evening Standard became a free newspaper, becoming the first free quality press publication and doubling its circulation. Free newspapers in the United States trace their history back to the 1940s when Walnut Creek, California publisher Dean Lesher began what is widely believed to be the first free daily, now known as the Contra Costa Times . In the 1960s, he converted that newspaper and three others in

944-1064: The San Francisco Examiner , the San Mateo Daily Journal , the Berkeley Daily Planet , which opened in 1999 and folded in 2001 and was reopened as a twice-a-week paper by new owners in 2004, and the Contra Costa Examiner , which opened and closed in 2004. The publishers of the Palo Alto Daily News , Aspen Times Daily founding editor Dave Price , and Vail Daily founder Jim Pavelich, have since launched successful free dailies in San Mateo, California (2000), Redwood City, California (2000), Burlingame, California (2000), Los Gatos, California (2002), Denver (2002), and Berkeley, California (2006). Each goes by

1003-752: The FIS World Championships in 1950 . Paepcke also played an important role in bringing the Goethe Bicentennial Convocation to Aspen in 1949, an event held in a newly designed tent by the architect Eero Saarinen . Aspen was then on the path to becoming an internationally known ski resort and cultural center, home of the Aspen Music Festival and School . The area would continue to grow with the development of three additional ski areas, Buttermilk (1958), Aspen Highlands (1958), and Snowmass (1967). In

1062-738: The Netherlands , Korea , Denmark , Finland , Italy , United States ) local publishers have a substantial market share. In some French and Italian markets three titles are competing; in Seoul there were six titles in October 2004. There are three free daily papers in London . Price and Pavelich have an entirely different view of the Internet than other free daily publishers. While most free daily publishers post their stories and/or PDF pages online,

1121-587: The People's Party (populists) adopted that as one of its main issues. Davis H. Waite , an Aspen newspaperman and agitator, was elected governor of Colorado on the Democratic ticket, but in time the movement failed. Eventually, after wage cuts, mining revived somewhat, but production declined and by the 1930 census only 705 residents remained. Remaining, however, were stocks of old commercial buildings and residences, along with excellent snow. Aspen's development as

1180-601: The census of 2003, there were 5,914 people, 2,903 households, and 1,082 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,675.4 inhabitants per square mile (646.9/km ). There were 4,354 housing units at an average density of 1,233.5 per square mile (476.2 per km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.94 percent White , 0.44 percent Black or African American , 0.24 percent Native American , 1.45 percent Asian , 0.08 percent Pacific Islander , 1.64 percent from other races , and 1.2 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.14 percent of

1239-496: The "Daily News" name with the city's name in front, such as Denver Daily News . Under the Palo Alto Daily News model, papers are delivered to public places such as coffee shops, restaurants, stores, gyms, schools, corporate campuses, and news racks . Price and Pavelich have avoided putting the content of their newspapers online because that would reduce readership of their printed newspapers, and therefore reduce

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1298-466: The 1970s, Aspen became known as a playground for the rich and famous. Notable celebrities frequented the town and ski slopes, also John Denver was one of the more famous permanent residents. In 1978, Aspen was thoroughly photographed for the Aspen Movie Map project funded by the U.S. Department of Defense . The Movie Map is one of the earliest examples of virtual reality software. In 1999,

1357-532: The 7 September 2001, just seven months after its initial foundation. The final edition featured a single frontpage headline stating "Goodbye, and thanks for all the fish" with short explanation explaining the reason for the decision. Official website Free newspaper In 1906, the Manly Daily in Australia was launched. It was distributed on the ferry boats to Sydney and was later published as

1416-489: The Netherlands) has something to do with the success of the free tabloids . In Germany there are now four so-called compact cheap newspapers. Figures indicate that many readers of free newspapers are indeed "new" readers or read both paid and free papers. Research by Belgian, UK, and US free dailies indicate that half of their readers only read free dailies. There seems to be a negative effect on single copy sales, but

1475-645: The United States of America in Men's Ski SuperPipe at the Olympic Games . The Gentlemen of Aspen is the local rugby team. The Gentlemen of Aspen won the Rugby Super League several times: 1997, 2001, 2002. Aspen is a home rule municipality under Colorado law. It has a council-manager government . An elected council of four members and the mayor supervise the city's operations, managed on

1534-490: The city council passed a resolution to petition the US Congress and President Clinton to restrict US immigration. Aspen residents cited concerns about the environmental impacts of increased immigration on their community, including urban and suburban sprawl, pollution from the older automobiles typically driven by immigrants, and litter accumulating in the mountains attributable to the increasing population. The impetus for

1593-574: The city had a total area of 2,469 acres (9.992 km ), all of it land. Under the Köppen climate classification , Aspen has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb ) owing to its high elevation. There is a large diurnal temperature variation between daytime and nighttime temperatures, rendering summer days moderately warm and winter nights very cold for the latitude. Summer lows and winter highs are relatively moderate, and frosts are rare in summer and winter days often averaging above freezing. As of

1652-732: The city limits, in nearby Snowmass Village (median single family home price $ 5.2 million in 2021), or in the city's condos, many of which date to the 1960s and 1970s. Affordability of housing is a severe challenge for workers in the Aspen area. The Aspen Pitkin County Housing Authority oversees an extensive program of properties intended for people who primarily live and work in the Roaring Fork Valley and whose income falls below certain limits, known as Employee Housing. Homes purchased through Employee Housing programs typically contain deed restrictions to maintain

1711-580: The city. As of 2012 , based on data from the 2009–10 school year, according to U.S. News & World Report , Aspen High School , the only high school in the Aspen School District , is the top ranked high school in Colorado and ranked 59th in the United States. The high school has grades 9 to 12, 540 students, and 41 teachers. Olympic cross-country skier Noah Hoffman is a 2007 graduate. Minorities, mostly Hispanic, make up 13 percent of

1770-420: The concerns of environmentalists. With the continued success of the free newspaper model, newspaper publishers are coming under increasing pressure from local councils and public transport companies to contribute more to the cleanup costs. In London, South West Trains have partnered with Network Rail to provide nine recycling bins which have been installed at Waterloo station. The project will initially run as

1829-935: The county to paid circulation. In the early 1970s, in Boulder, Colorado , regents at the University of Colorado kicked the student-run Colorado Daily off campus because of editorials against the Vietnam War . Regents hoped the paper would die; instead it began to focus on the community as a free tabloid published five days a week. In the following decades, a number of free dailies opened in Colorado , mostly started by University of Colorado graduates. Free dailies opened in Aspen (1979, 1988), Vail (1981), Breckenridge (1990), Glenwood Springs (1990); Grand Junction (1995); Steamboat Springs (1990); and Telluride (1991). In 1995,

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1888-482: The creators of the Palo Alto Daily News model have refused to put their content online. They argue that posting their stories online will reduce demand for their printed newspapers, which will also reduce the effectiveness of their print ads. They note that readers have dropped their subscriptions to paid newspapers because they can get the same stories online, yet those newspapers make far less money on their websites than they do on their print editions. The success of

1947-840: The effectiveness of their print advertising. While ads can be placed on Web pages, they are not as effective for clients as print advertising. They have said that if they ever find an example of a newspaper that is making a profit on its website, they would copy that approach. In less than 10 years these papers were introduced in almost every European country and in several markets in the United States, Canada, South America, Australia, and Asia. There are, as of 2008 , free newspapers in at least 58 countries. Market leader Metro distributes seven million copies daily, while other companies publish 14 million copies. These 22 million copies are read by at least 45 million people daily. Worldwide, there are now over 44 million free newspaper editions being distributed on an average day, up from 24 million in 2005. Europe has

2006-428: The era's hedonistic excesses (particularly its drug culture ). Aspen remains popular as a year-round destination for locals, second-home buyers and tourists. Outdoor recreation in the surrounding White River National Forest serves as a summertime counterpart to the city's four ski areas. Prime residential real estate in Aspen is the most expensive of any ski resort in the world on a per-square-foot basis, according to

2065-467: The felling of 37,714 trees. On average around 70% of paper used by the newspaper industry is claimed to be recycled. So after recycled paper usage, over 11,314 trees are being felled daily to feed the freesheet print presses in over 58 countries. Also, whilst the increased use of recycled paper is welcomed by many, the extensive bleaching (especially use of chlorine ) and other chemical processes to make reclaimed paper blank again for reuse are not lessening

2124-444: The first Catholic mission in Aspen. By 1893, Aspen had banks, a hospital, a police department, two theaters, an opera house, and electric lights. Economic collapse came with the Panic of 1893 , when President Cleveland called a special session of Congress and repealed the act. Within weeks, many of the Aspen mines were closed and thousands of miners were put out of work. It was proposed that silver be recognized as legal tender and

2183-651: The first free daily newspaper distributed through public transport in Stockholm, Sweden . Later, Metro launched free papers in many European and other countries. In the UK, the Daily Mail and General Trust group launched its own edition of Metro in London in 1999, beating Metro International to the London market. The paper now has 13 editions across the country and a combined readership of 1.7 million. In October 2009,

2242-507: The founders of free dailies in Aspen and Vail teamed up to start the Palo Alto Daily News in Palo Alto , California , a city about 20 miles south of San Francisco. The Palo Alto paper was profitable within nine months of its launch and usually carries more than 100 retail (non-classified) ads per day. The " Palo Alto Daily News model" has been copied a number of times over the years, including by four San Francisco Bay Area publications:

2301-497: The highest of any town in the country. Real estate supply is restricted due to a moratorium on new housing construction, housing renovation and short-term rentals. The median sales price of a single family home in 2021 in Aspen was $ 9.5 million. A 2023 study by Savills, a global real estate broker, declared that prime Aspen real estate was the most expensive on a per-square-foot-basis of the 44 global ski resort markets it studied. Relatively less expensive housing can be found outside

2360-433: The late 20th century, the town became a popular retreat for celebrities. Gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson worked out of a downtown hotel and ran unsuccessfully for county sheriff. Singer John Denver wrote two songs about Aspen after settling there. Both figures popularized Aspen among the counter-cultural youth of the 1970s as an ideal place to live, and the city continued to grow even as it gained notoriety for some of

2419-530: The mid-20th century when neighboring Aspen Mountain was developed into a ski resort , and industrialist Walter Paepcke bought many properties in the city in the 1950s and redeveloped them. Today it is home to three institutions, two of which Paepcke helped found, having international importance: the Aspen Music Festival and School , the Aspen Institute , and the Aspen Center for Physics . In

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2478-538: The new free daily newspaper has been imitated by other publishers. In some countries free weeklies or semiweeklies have been launched ( Norway , France , Russia , Portugal , Poland ). In Moscow the semiweekly (in October 2004 expanded to three times a week) is also called Metro. In the Netherlands there is a local free weekly published four times a week. Also it is very likely that the rapid tabloidization in Western Europe (UK, Ireland , Sweden , Belgium ,

2537-704: The overall effect does not indicate a great deal of impact on paid dailies. Indeed, several publishers of established paid products (notably the Tribune Company in New York and Chicago , the Washington Post Company in Washington, D.C., and News Corporation in London ) have launched free newspapers in their markets despite the obvious risk of "cannibalization" (stealing readers from their own paid products) to reach new readers. Whilst

2596-553: The owners of The Philadelphia Inquirer , Philadelphia Daily News and The New York Times sued SEPTA over an exclusive deal it made with Metro to distribute its papers on the agency's commuter trains. Metro won the suit but is losing the newspaper war; the free daily has struggled to win advertisers. The Cologne newspaper war and legal battles were not the only problems free papers encountered. In Paris , hawkers who distributed free papers were attacked, and papers were destroyed and burned. The most common newspaper war however

2655-432: The population. There were 2,903 households, of which 16.5 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.8 percent were married couples living together, 5.6 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 62.7 percent were non-families. Single individuals composed 43.8 percent of all households, and 4.8 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2714-431: The proliferation of freesheet newspapers continues to escalate, the impact on the environment has become a concern to some environmentalists. Over 44 million editions are being produced every day worldwide; it takes 12 established trees to make one tonne of newsprint, which is enough to print 14,000 editions of an average-size tabloid. That means a daily usage of newsprint of a little over 3,142 tonnes. Which, in turn, means

2773-419: The proliferation of second homes, increasingly shutting low- and middle-income workers out of the city and creating a large pool of commuters from nearby bedroom communities such as Snowmass , Basalt , Carbondale , and Glenwood Springs . At the same time, in stark contrast to its historic character, the city has emerged into international fame as a glitzy playground of the wealthy and famous. Aspen has become

2832-578: The resolution was the increasing number of trailer parks that housed the migrant workers employed locally in the service sector and ski industry. The parks were perceived to be degrading to the town's image, property values, and environment. The move was led by Terry Paulson, an Aspen City Council member, and supported and guided by national groups such as the Carrying Capacity Network, and the Center for Immigration Studies . The resolution

2891-414: The right on the name Metro to quarrels over the right to be distributed through public transport. This kind of distribution is by no means the only way free papers are distributed: racks in busy places like shopping centers , universities , restaurants ( McDonald's ), and hospitals , and delivery by hand on the street, outside railway stations, or door-to-door delivery are also used. In the United States,

2950-483: The six-month period the council also collected 465 tonnes of waste paper from its own 153 on-street recycling bins. The free newspapers publishers are responsible for producing approximately 100 tonnes of free newspapers every day. Aspen, Colorado Aspen is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pitkin County, Colorado , United States. The city population

3009-651: The small community was renamed Aspen in 1880, and, in its peak production years of 1891 and 1892, surpassed Leadville as the United States' most productive silver-mining district. Production expanded due to the passage of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890, which doubled the government's purchase of silver. In 1883, the Apostolic Vicarate of Colorado 's Bishop Machebeuf had the Reverend Edward Downey establish

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3068-632: The southeast (upper) end of the Roaring Fork Valley, along the Roaring Fork River , a tributary of the Colorado River about 40 miles (64 km) south of Glenwood Springs, Colorado . It is surrounded by mountain and wilderness areas on three sides: Red Mountain to the north, Smuggler Mountain to the east, and Aspen Mountain to the south. Aspen is located along State Highway 82 . At the 2020 United States Census ,

3127-548: The time people need to read it. Schibsted also had some disappointments. A German version had to be taken from the market after a bitter newspaper war with local publishers in Cologne , while an Italian edition never saw the streets because of legal matters (non- EU companies could not control Italian media firms, but this did not prevent the Italian market from becoming flooded with free newspapers). The Schibsted editions have

3186-578: The vast majority of daily free papers at 28.5 million, with the Americas at 6.8 million and Asia/Pacific/Africa regions at 8.6 million. Since 2000, many free dailies have been introduced, including three in Hong Kong and three in Vancouver, B.C. Besides Metro, another successful publisher is Norway 's Schibsted . In Switzerland , Spain and France it publishes 20 minutes , the name indicating

3245-411: Was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.67. The ages of the population were 13.1 percent under the age of 18, 9.8 percent from 18 to 24, 42.1 percent from 25 to 44, 27.6 percent from 45 to 64, and 7.4 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.5 males. The median income for

3304-669: Was 7,004 at the 2020 United States Census . Aspen is in a remote area of the Rocky Mountains ' Sawatch Range and Elk Mountains , along the Roaring Fork River at an elevation just below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) above sea level on the Western Slope , 11 miles (18 km) west of the Continental Divide . Aspen is now a part of the Glenwood Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area . Founded as

3363-487: Was discussed on the American Patrol Report website, contributing to a controversy over whether or not the resolution was racially motivated. Councilman Terry Paulson and some Aspen citizens insisted that it was motivated entirely by environmental concerns. Aspen is notable as the smallest radio market tracked by Arbitron , ranked number 302. Local media in Aspen include a public radio station, KJAX,

3422-664: Was home delivered for three months. Unknown, however, is when the free distribution ended. The company website states that the 'sold' circulation in 1887 was 5,000; in 1890 total circulation was 12,800. In 1984, the Birmingham Daily News was launched in Birmingham , England. It was distributed free of charge on weekdays to 300,000 households in the West Midlands and was the first free daily in Europe . It

3481-546: Was profitable until the early 1990s recession , when it was converted into a weekly title by its then owners Reed Elsevier . By 1992, a number of former paid-for local newspapers in the United Kingdom, such as the Walsall Observer , were being closed down and converted to free newspapers (sometimes called "freesheets"). In 1995, the same year the Palo Alto Daily News began, Metro started what may be

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