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30-715: Brilon is situated on the Brilon Heights at an altitude of about 450 m on the upper reaches of the river Möhne . The town lies between the Arnsberg Forest nature reserve to the west and the Lake Diemel nature reserve and the Hoppecke to the south-east. After the local government reforms of 1975 Brilon consists of 17 districts: (Source of population figures: www.briloner-wirtschaft.de / As at: 31 December 2004) The first documentary reference occurs in

60-812: A deed of the Emperor Otto II dated 973, confirming to the Cathedral of Magdeburg all those possessions in Westphalia given to it by his father, including the Villa Brilon . This reference must of course apply to a considerably older settlement than the present town, presumably what is now Altenbrilon. The Brilon estate passed later by exchange to the Archbishops of Paderborn , who endowed their steward (" Vogt ") with it. In about 1220 Engelbert I of Cologne , Archbishop of Cologne , acquired

90-475: A strong development of crafts and trade. In World War II the town was initially spared from Allied air raids . But on 10 January 1944 there came an attack by American bombers which destroyed whole streets, particularly Hoppecker Straße and Derkere Mauer . A bomb broke through the roof of the Provost's Church but did not explode. In this bombing raid 37 people were killed, including 13 children. After

120-569: Is a highland area in the county of Hochsauerlandkreis in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . It is surrounded by the Brilon Heights ( Briloner Höhen ), whose mountains reach a height of 670.2 m above  sea level (NHN) . The countryside of the Brilon Plateau and Brilon Heights includes the town of Brilon itself and several of its municipalities. Administratively it belongs largely to Hochsauerlandkreis , in

150-548: Is near the town center. Brilon Wald station is about 10 km from the town center. From here local trains leave every hour for Warburg , Hagen and Korbach via Willingen . From the air Brilon is accessible through the airport at Paderborn-Lippstadt . Sports-airplanes can land at Brilon Airport in the Thülener Bruch. The regional daily newspaper is the Westfalenpost , with a local edition for Brilon and

180-774: The Rothaar Mountains ); in the west by the Warstein Forest (the eastern part of the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park ) and in the northwest by the narrow Haarstrang . In the north the terrain descends (on the far side of Sintfeld and Haarstrang) more or less gently into the Westphalian Bight towards the River Lippe . The plateau forms an island of farmland in the middle of forested mountains and hills. The mountains and hills of

210-472: The Amt Bigge: Altenbüren and Esshoff. The following numbers only show the population of the town of Brilon, not of the municipality. 1) Source: Vergangene Zeiten ( Past times ), volume 1 incl. the dependent communities ( Filialgemeinden ) Wülfte and Rixen The arms of Brilon are: Party per fess, in chief, argent, a cross sable, and in base, sable, a key in bend argent, wards to

240-652: The Bishopric of Münster (and often the Bishopric of Liège ), he was one of the most important princes of northwestern Germany. From 1597 until 1794, Bonn was the residence the Elector, and consequently the capital of the Electorate. After 1795, the electorate's territories on the left bank of the Rhine were occupied by France and were formally annexed in 1801. Cologne was part of the département of Roer ; Bonn

270-665: The Holy Roman Empire that existed from the 10th to the early 19th century. It consisted of the Hochstift —the temporal possessions —of the archbishop of Cologne, and was ruled by him in his capacity as prince-elector . There were only two other ecclesiastical prince-electors in the Empire: the Electorate of Mainz and the Electorate of Trier . The archbishop-elector of Cologne was also arch-chancellor of Italy (one of

300-480: The Brilon Heights include the following (sorted by height in metres (m) above sea level (NHN) : 51°25′12″N 8°37′50″E  /  51.42000°N 8.63056°E  / 51.42000; 8.63056 Electorate of Cologne The Electorate of Cologne ( German : Kurfürstentum Köln ), sometimes referred to as Electoral Cologne (German: Kurköln ), was an ecclesiastical principality of

330-572: The Brilon lands of the brothers Hermann and Gernand of Brilon. The Archbishop laid out a fortified town and gave it municipal rights. Bloody conflicts followed between the Archbishops of Cologne and the Bishops of Paderborn over the rights of possession of the place. These ended when the Bishop of Paderborn, after being taken prisoner, waived his rights to Brilon (1256). Thereafter Brilon developed under

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360-536: The Bundesstraße B ;7 is the motorway A 46 at Bestwig , in the direction of the Ruhrgebiet . Heading eastwards, the motorway A 44 at Marsberg , in the direction of Kassel is about 40 minutes away. On the Bundesstraße B 480 it is possible to reach the highway A 33 at Wünnenberg in about 30 minutes, in the direction of Paderborn / Bielefeld . Brilon Stadt station

390-808: The Hochsauerland district. Furthermore, there is the free weekly paper Sauerlandkurier with information from the whole of the Sauerland . Also weekly is the Briloner Anzeiger , a newspaper for Brilon, Olsberg, and Willingen. In Brilon is the start of the 184 km long newly opened ramblers' trail across the Rothaar Mountains , the Rothaarsteig . Brillion, Wisconsin is named after Brilon. Brilon Heights The Brilon Plateau ( German : Briloner Hochfläche )

420-602: The Rhine River, Hamburg and Bremen on the North Sea, and Lübeck on the Baltic. The economic structures of medieval and early modern Cologne were based on the city's major harbor, its location as a transport hub and its entrepreneurial merchants who built ties with merchants in other Hanseatic cities. During the 16th century, two Archbishops of Cologne converted to Protestantism . The first, Hermann von Wied , resigned

450-530: The archbishopric on converting, but Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg , who converted to Calvinism in 1582, attempted to secularize the archbishopric. His marriage the following February, and his refusal to relinquish the territory resulted in the election of a competing archbishop and prince-elector, Ernst of Bavaria , brother of the Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria. In the Cologne War that followed,

480-400: The dexter. They were granted on 28 January 1911, but in this form first appear in a seal of 1548. The cross in the upper part is from the arms of the Electorate of Cologne . The key, a motif which appears already in medieval seals, is one of the keys of Saint Peter , patron saint of Cologne. Brilon is twinned with: Brilon From Brilon heading westwards, approx 30 minutes away on

510-481: The limits of corporate autonomy. Long-distance trade in the Baltic grew, as the major trading towns came together in the Hanseatic League , under the leadership of Lübeck . It was a business alliance of trading cities and their guilds that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe and flourished from the 1200 to 1500 and continued with lesser importance after that. The chief cities were Cologne on

540-604: The northeast, near Bleiwäsche , it is part of the county of Paderborn . It is roughly elliptical in shape; its longitudinal axis running from east-northeast to west-southwest. To the north and northeast it transitions via the Alme Uplands into the Sintfeld . In the east and southeast it descends into the very deeply incised valley of the Hoppecke . In the south it is adjoined by the Sauerland and Upland (landscapes in

570-578: The other side of the Rhine, beyond Berg and Mark . By the end of the 12th century, the Archbishop of Cologne was one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Emperor . Besides being prince-elector, he was Arch-chancellor of Italy as well, technically from 1238 and permanently from 1263 until 1803. In the Battle of Worringen (1288), the archbishop was captured by soldiers of the city and

600-738: The pope funded Italian and Spanish mercenaries and the Catholic Bavarians also sent an army to support Ernst, while the Protestant Netherlands supported von Waldburg. The war ruined most of the Electoral economy, and many villages and towns were besieged and destroyed. The Siege of Godesberg in November–December 1583 ended with the destruction of Godesberg Castle and the slaughter of most of its inhabitants. After several more sieges, von Waldburg gave up his claim to

630-520: The rulership of the Prince-Bishops of Cologne into a thriving town of c 3,000 inhabitants with an active trading and mining life and far-reaching business connections. As a trading town Brilon was also a member of the Hansa . In 1350 Brilon had between 500 and 600 houses. At this time Brilon held the position of the second city of Westphalia behind Soest . After the secession of Soest in 1444 Brilon

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660-504: The secular nobility, who threatened his power, Otto endowed Bruno and his successors in the bishop's seat with the prerogatives of secular princes. This was the beginning of the electoral state of Cologne. It was formed from the temporal possessions of the archbishopric and included in the end a strip of territory along the left Bank of the Rhine east of Jülich , and the Duchy of Westphalia on

690-647: The see and retired to Strasbourg with his wife. Ernst became archbishop–the first major success of the Counter-Reformation in Germany. Under Ernst's direction, Jesuits supervised the reintroduction of Catholicism in the Electorate. From 1583 to 1761, the archbishopric was effectively a secundogeniture of the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach. As the archbishop in this period usually also held

720-537: The three component titular kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, the other two being Germany and Burgundy) and, as such, ranked second among all ecclesiastical and secular princes of the Empire, after the archbishop-elector of Mainz, and before that of Trier. The capital of the electorate was Cologne . Conflicts with the citizens of Cologne caused the elector to move to Bonn . The Free Imperial City of Cologne

750-484: The war Brilon became part of the newly created state of North Rhine-Westphalia . In the course of the local government reorganization of 1975 the following communities were added to the town: formerly administered by the Amt Thülen: Alme, Bontkirchen, Hoppecke, Madfeld, Messinghausen, Nehden (belonging to Thülen parish), Radlinghausen, Rixen, Rösenbeck, Scharfenberg, Thülen and Wülfte; and formerly belonging to

780-670: The wars of the 17th and 18th centuries brought unspeakable misery to this once flourishing little town. During the Napoleonic period Brilon passed to Hesse-Darmstadt , in 1802. After the Congress of Vienna of 1816 it was transferred to Prussia , which made it the center of the Prussian Kreis or district. In this way, as the seat of government offices and schools, Brilon regained significance. The construction of traffic connections and various municipal measures brought about

810-593: Was elevated to being the capital of Westphalia. In 1655, after three years of negotiations between the town magistrate and the Minorites resident in Brilon, the Gymnasium Petrinum [1] was founded as a monastery school. It is thus one of the oldest Gymnasien ("grammar schools") in Westphalia. But already in the 15th century conflicts and military actions were leading to an economic decline; and

840-621: Was forced to grant the city near-complete autonomy. Eventually, the archbishop moved to Bonn to escape jurisdiction conflicts with the city government. In 1475, Cologne became a Free Imperial City , independent from the archbishop. The first pogrom against the Jews was in 1349, when they were used as scapegoats for the Black Death , and therefore burnt in an auto-da-fé . Political tensions arose from issues of taxation, public spending, regulation of business, and market supervision, as well as

870-528: Was larger. Even larger was the Ecclesiastical Province of Cologne, which included suffragan dioceses such as Liège and Münster (see map below). Cologne was the ancient Roman city of Colonia Agrippina in the province of Germania Inferior , and has been a bishop's see since Roman times. In 953, the archbishops of Cologne first gained noteworthy secular power, when Bishop Bruno was appointed as duke by his brother Emperor Otto I . To weaken

900-547: Was recognized after 1475, thus removing it from even the nominal secular authority of the elector. Cologne and Bonn were occupied by France in 1794. The right bank territories of the electorate were secularized in 1803 during the German mediatization . The electorate should not be confused with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne , the area over which the archbishop exercised spiritual authority, which

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