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118-602: The Lancer was originally intended only for Japanese markets, but demand on the "grey import" market led the Evolution series to be offered through Ralliart dealer networks in the United Kingdom and in various European markets from around 1998. Mitsubishi decided to export the eighth generation Evolution to the United States in 2003 after witnessing the success Subaru had in that market the previous year with

236-765: A 5,500 rpm limit on launching in first gear to protect the drivetrain. Most Evolution VIIIs have a carbon fiber rear spoiler with matching body-color endplates. Furthermore, the US versions of the Lancer Evolution VIII 2003–2005 were given bulkier rear bumpers than their Japanese counterparts to accommodate US safety laws in the form of the metal rear crash bar. All Evolutions have lightweight aluminum front fenders and hoods. The basic RS Edition does not come with power windows, locks, or mirrors, an audio system, rear wing, sound deadening material, map lamps or an anti-lock braking system. All Evolution VIII RS models sold in

354-654: A 6-speed manual (GT, MR) or a 5-speed automatic (GT-A). The automatic variant uses a non-MIVEC 4G63 sourced from the Evo VIII with a smaller turbo for increased low-down torque. It was only sold in Japan and imported to other countries as grey imports. VIN Searching on epic-data.com has shown there was a total of 2,924 Lancer Evolution Wagons created. This includes all GT, GT-A & MR versions even though Mitsubishi's 2005 Press Release said they intended to make 2,500 Evolution Wagons. Rarity : Approximately 50% of these cars had

472-569: A certain country or countries. For example, only residents of the UK and Ireland may subscribe to Sky Digital . In other European countries with large British expatriate populations, such as Spain , Sky is widely available through the grey market. Although Sky discourages the use of its viewing cards outside the UK or Ireland, and has the technology to render them invalid, many people continue to use them. Parallel importing of " free-to-view " Sky cards from

590-420: A closer gear ratio for the 5-speed manual transmission, new lighter Enkei wheels on non-MR models, a redesigned front end with a more efficient air dam (the most noticeable feature are the two small oval ducts to cool the intercooler pipes), and a new rear bumper with a diffuser undersurface to smooth out the airflow coming out of the car for non-US models. HID headlights were no longer standard equipment on

708-414: A demand for grey import vehicles . Although some grey imports are a bargain, some buyers have discovered that their vehicles do not meet local regulations, or that parts and services are difficult to obtain because these cars are different from the versions sold through the new car dealer network. Many used cars come from Singapore or Japan , and are sold in other countries around the world, including

826-574: A different front bumper, Red/Black Recaro seats (with embossed T. Mäkinen logo), 17-inch white Enkei wheels, a leather Momo steering wheel and shift knob, a titanium turbine that spooled up more quickly, front upper strut brace, lowered ride height (with tarmac stages in mind), and a quicker steering ratio. Amongst other colours, the Evo VI came in either red (Tommi Mäkinen Edition only), white, blue, black or silver with optional special decals, replicating Tommi Mäkinen's rally car's colour scheme. This car

944-542: A factory standard on the GSR model, which used steering, throttle input sensors and g sensors to computer-hydraulically control torque split individually to the rear wheels, Mitsubishi has planned to produce the Evolution IVs only 6,000 cars, but it was completely sold out in just three days after its release. The Evolution IV can be distinguished by its two large fog lights in the front bumper (option on RS version), and

1062-471: A few extra brace bars to strengthen the chassis, one behind the front grille and another across the boot floor, and an aluminum rear strut tower brace. The GSR and the RS shared a new twin-scroll turbocharger which helped to improve response and increase power to 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) at 6,500 rpm and 353 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) torque at 3,000 rpm. Mitsubishi's new Active Yaw Control appeared as

1180-457: A heavily active mobile phone grey market include currency fluctuations, customers demands, manufacturers policies, market-specific features, and price variations. It is not uncommon for grey market traders to introduce a product into a market months in advance of the official launch. This was evident with the launch of the iPhone 4 , where international grey market traders bought large quantities at Apple's retail price then shipped to countries where

1298-469: A larger oil cooler core, ion-coated piston rings, reinforced cylinder head and 5-layer head gasket compared to the 3 layer. According to Mitsubishi Motors of North America (info from evolutionm.net) the total production sales in the U.S. for the Evolution VIII (2003–2005) was 12,846. In 2003, the production sales for the GSR was 7,167 which was the only 2003 model year. In 2004, production sales for

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1416-429: A larger rear spoiler were added to reduce lift. The engine was improved and had a higher compression ratio than before, and a new turbocharger compressor (65 mm to 68 mm), which resulted in a power output of 270 bhp (201 kW) at 6,250 rpm, 309 N⋅m (228 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm. As per the previous Evolution II, an RS model was available. The Lancer platform was redesigned in 1996, and along with it,

1534-417: A mechanical plate type rear limited-slip differential (LSD). The GSR came with all of the conveniences of a typical street car, including a digital screen climate control system. It came with Mitsubishi's 4G63 engine producing 247 PS (182 kW; 244 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 309 N⋅m (228 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm. 5,000 of the first generation Evolutions were sold between 1992 and 1993. Top speed

1652-466: A person may purchase cannabis at a legal dispensary, but may face charges if they take it into another state where it has not been legalized or attempt to take it on an airplane. The emergence of the GSM international standard for cell phones in 1990 prompted the beginning of the grey market in the cell phone industry. As global demand for mobile phones grew, so did the size of the parallel market. Today, it

1770-676: A platform to build a race car from. It is stripped of all the creature comforts, and other upgrades that drive the price up for features that the race teams would not require. The IX MR retained the features of the Evolution VIII MR, like Bilstein shocks, a 6-speed manual transmission, a rooftop vortex generator , BBS forged wheels, HID xenon headlights, foglights , accessory gauge package, "zero lift" kit, special badging and an aluminum roof. All models continued to sport Recaro bucket seats , Brembo brakes and Momo steering wheels as well. Additional revisions from 2005 included

1888-610: A public place. The Premier League could pursue prosecutions of licensees who showed branding of matches via foreign satellite systems. Karen Murphy won her case in the High Court following the ruling from the European Court of Justice. The ruling from Justice Stanley Burnton allowed Ms Murphy to shop for the cheapest foreign satellite provider. However, the ruling from Justice Kitchin prevented Ms Murphy from showing matches in her pub via foreign satellite systems because branding

2006-429: A second). This was purported to be due to the lack of a rear wing on the RS. In a drag race , the three models are all about even. They are all capable of 0-60 mph (97 km/h) times between 4.2 and 4.5 seconds, and can run 1 ⁄ 4 mile (402 m) times ranging from 12.6 to 13.3 (12.7–13.0 USA versions) seconds depending on the model/driver. The RS model was produced for rally and racing teams who wanted

2124-517: A target country to avoid import duties. A related concept is bootlegging ; the smuggling or transport of highly regulated goods, especially alcoholic beverages . The term "bootlegging" is also often applied to the production or distribution of counterfeit or otherwise infringing goods (also black market). Grey markets sometimes develop for video game consoles and titles whose demand temporarily exceeds their supply causing authorised local suppliers to run out of stock. This happens especially during

2242-782: A time, Proton entered a rebadged version called the Proton PERT. The introduction of the Evolution VII also marked the first time an automatic drivetrain was included within the model lineup—the GT-A. Nicknamed the 'Grand Touring Automatic' version of the visually similar VII GSR and the RS2, the GT-A model was only produced in 2002 and had the following distinguishing interior and exterior specification: GT-A-only diamond cut finish 17-inch (431.8 mm) alloy wheels, clear rear light lenses and all-in-one style front headlights (later used on

2360-490: A top speed of 175 mph (282 km/h) while costing £48,000. BBC 's television series Top Gear demonstrated that the stock FQ-400 could keep up with a Lamborghini Murciélago around a test track. The Stig recorded a Top Gear Power Lap Time of 1 minute and 24.8 seconds (damp track), 1.1 seconds slower than the Murciélago's time of 1 minute 23.7 seconds (dry track). In a similar test conducted by Evo magazine ,

2478-567: A valid CD key to associate with an account. In 2007, after the release of The Orange Box , Valve deactivated accounts with CD keys that were purchased outside the consumer's territory in order to maintain the integrity of region-specific licensing. This generated complaints from North American customers who had circumvented their Steam end-user licence agreement by purchasing The Orange Box through cheaper, market retailers. Due to regional lockout , video game consoles and their games are often subjected to grey market trade and are chosen as

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2596-663: Is also sometimes referred to as an Evolution 6 1 ⁄ 2 , Evolution 6.5, or TME for short. 4,092 units were produced in total and exterior styling was similar to that of its predecessor, the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 5. In 2001, Mitsubishi was forced by the FIA to run in the WRC using WRC rules for building a car instead of the Group A class rules, and this did not need to follow homologation rules. The Evolution VII

2714-458: Is companies reselling the equipment and services of a provider not licensed to operate in the market. For instance, a Canadian consumer who wants access to American television and radio services that are not available in Canada may approach a grey market reseller of Dish Network or DirecTV . There is also a grey market in the United States (especially from Canadian citizens with winter homes in

2832-438: Is compromised by front-heavy weight distribution. This configuration does however facilitate the easy addition of all-wheel drive ; Subaru also uses the overhung longitudinal engine for the same reason, but mitigates the problem of an unbalanced center of gravity by using a "flat-four" boxer engine . Renault, on the other hand, placed the engine behind the front axle line, but this compromises interior packaging since it forces

2950-575: Is estimated that over 30% of all mobile phones traded will pass through the grey market and that statistic continues to grow. It is impossible to quantify an exact figure, but sources suggest that as many as 500,000 mobile phones are bought and sold outside official distribution channels through their trading platforms every day. Many smaller countries and markets (Croatia, for example) are still prone to grey imports of mobile phones, apparently due to very limited number of mobile phone models ever to be sold in that particular country. The driving forces behind

3068-539: Is occasionally displayed while the machine is in an attract mode. One reason for these regional name variants is trademark issues. A company may not own the rights to a trademark in another country, where that trademark may be owned by an entirely different entity. Because of this, a different name must be used. These regional name variations may also be used to prevent the sale of bootleg arcade games, including those from Japanese versions. Automobile manufacturers segment world markets by territory and price, thus creating

3186-401: Is permitted due to lack of restrictions imposed on them, unlike in other countries. Among the grey-imported vehicles in Japan are pickup trucks like Toyota Tundra , Nissan Navara and Subaru BRAT , which are not officially sold in Japan. In television and radio broadcasting, grey markets primarily exist in relation to satellite radio and satellite television delivery. The most common form

3304-449: Is subject to trade mark law. It is no longer illegal though for a customer to purchase a foreign viewing card from an EU country and use it outside the territory. Unlike other countries that have legalized recreational cannabis , federal law in the United States still prohibits possessing, transporting, or selling cannabis, while many states have legalized it at the state level. These contradictory laws have led to an unusual situation where

3422-421: Is thriving in heavily taxed states like Singapore with dealers importing directly from lower taxed states and selling at lower prices, creating competition against local distributors recognised by the products' manufacturers. "Grey sets", as colloquially called, are often comparable to products purchased from the manufacturer's preferred retailer. Lenses or flash units of parallel imports often only differ by

3540-515: The 2008 Chinese milk scandal , parents in China lost confidence in locally produced infant formula , creating a demand for European, Japanese and American produced formula. Import restrictions on formula from these sources has led to parents willing to pay a premium for foreign brands leading to the emergence of milk-powder runners, who buy formula at ticket price over the counter in Hong Kong, carry

3658-497: The Christmas and holiday season . Other popular items, such as dolls , magnets and contraception , can also be affected. In such situations, the grey market price may be considerably higher than the manufacturer's suggested retail price , with unscrupulous sellers buying items in bulk for the express purpose of inflating the prices during resale, a practice called scalping . Online auction sites such as eBay have contributed to

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution - Misplaced Pages Continue

3776-534: The Subaru Impreza WRX . All domestic-market versions, until the release of the Evolution IX in 2005, were limited by a gentlemen's agreement between Japanese car manufacturers to advertise no more than 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp). However, sources say Mitsubishi had already been producing cars with more power but had been underrating the official power outputs in order to comply with

3894-678: The United Kingdom , Russia and New Zealand . Japan and Singapore both have strict laws against older cars. The Japanese Shaken road­worthiness testing regime requires progressively more expensive maintenance, involving the replacement of entire vehicle systems, that are unnecessary for safety, year on year, to devalue older cars and promote new cars on their home market that were available for low prices. This makes these well running cars seem reasonably priced, even after transport expenses. There are very few cars in Japan more than five years old. New car arbitrage has become an issue in

4012-662: The United States had significant demand for these cars, and their present-day US model descendants remain popular. Years later, Nissan similarly decided to sell the GT-R in North America after seeing how many people were importing older Skylines . Although Mercedes-Benz was also a beneficiary of the signals to US consumer demand that the grey market provided, their lobbying in Washington succeeded in virtually ending

4130-572: The centre of gravity to produce more natural roll characteristics. Detail improvements have also been made to Mitsubishi's own electronic four-wheel drive , to the ACD 5 + Super AYC 6 traction control , and to the Sports ABS systems . The Lancer Evolution VIII displayed at the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show took the MR designation traditionally reserved for Mitsubishi Motors high-performance models (first used for

4248-492: The 6-speed manual transmissions combined with the Evo IX MIVEC engine whilst the remaining wagons were GT-A versions. The most common colours were Silver, Black, Blue, and Grey. White is rare and Red was very rare. Grey market A grey market or dark market (sometimes confused with the similar term " parallel market ") is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels that are not authorised by

4366-470: The ACD will almost immediately allow the center differential to go into a free state upon detecting a steering input. Additionally, this mode provides the strongest limited-slip clamping force of the three modes. Although the US versions did not come with the AYC, it did come with a rear 1.5way clutch type LSD ( limited-slip differential ), which limits the slip from both rear wheels causing less traction loss of

4484-471: The European Union. When grey-market products are advertised on Google , eBay or other legitimate web sites, it is possible to petition for removal of any advertisements that violate trademark or copyright laws. This can be done directly, without the involvement of legal professionals. For example, eBay will remove listings of such products even in countries where their purchase and use is not against

4602-532: The Evo X has active yaw control , including the 2006 Evolution IX. The American 2003 and 2004 GSRs are without the helical limited-slip front differential and 6-speed manual transmission. The 2004 US spec RS models, however, do have a front helical limited-slip differential. All 2003, 2004 and 2005 RS and GSR models have the Japanese Evolution VII's 5-speed transmission. The MR edition was introduced to

4720-540: The Evolution VIII's US introduction. With its 2.0 liter, 271 hp (202 kW; 275 PS) engine, the 2003 Evolution VIII was capable of achieving a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 5.1 seconds. However, the internal components for the American versions were largely stripped-down versions of the specifications for the Japanese Lancer Evolution VIII. No US-spec Evolution model prior to

4838-576: The Evolution VIII). The GT-A had the option of either no spoiler, the short spoiler (as per the Lancer Cedia ; and later used on the Evolution VIII 260) or the thunder spoiler as used on the standard Evolution VII models. The most distinguishing feature was a smooth bonnet without the NACA duct on it at all and the revised front bumper. Although offering inferior cooling capabilities, the bonnet

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution - Misplaced Pages Continue

4956-545: The Evolution was able to lap the Bedford Autodrome faster than an Audi RS4 and a Porsche 911 Carrera 4S . The Lancer Evolution VIII was also the first Evolution to be sold in the United States, spurred by the success of the Subaru Impreza WRX which had been released there just the year prior. The Evolution VIII found its true competition in the Subaru Impreza WRX STI model the same year as

5074-475: The Evolution. The engine and transaxle were rotated 180° to better balance the weight and eliminate torque steer . There were two versions available, the RS and GSR. The RS version was produced as a competition car with a limited-slip front differential and a friction-type LSD at the rear. It also came with GLX seats and a choice of either 15-inch or 16-inch OZ lightweight racing wheels. The RS also had wind-up windows, optional air conditioning in some models, and

5192-651: The FQ-300, FQ-320 and FQ-340 each with around 300, 320 and 340 PS (296, 316 and 335 bhp; 221, 235 and 250 kW), respectively. An FQ-360 model was subsequently released as a successor to the Evolution VIII FQ-400. While the new FQ-360 produced 371 PS (366 hp; 273 kW) at 6,887 rpm (less horsepower than its predecessor), although it had more torque at 492 N⋅m (363 lb⋅ft) at 3,200 rpm. All four models were designed to run on super unleaded petrol only. The MR FQ-360

5310-517: The GSR was 1,254 and for the RS was 263 for a total of 1,517 for the 2004 model year. In 2005 production sales for the GSR was 2,880, for the RS was 282, and for the MR was 1000 for a total of 4,162 for the 2005 model year. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has determined crash test ratings of Lancer of different model years: Mitsubishi introduced the Lancer Evolution IX in Japan on March 3, 2005, and exhibited

5428-672: The Galant GTO). Other parts on the MR include BBS alloy wheels, the aforementioned Bilstein shocks, and an aluminium roof. In the United Kingdom, many special Evolutions were introduced, including the 260, FQ300, FQ320, FQ340, and FQ400 variants. They came with 260, 305, 325, 345, and 405 hp (194, 227, 239, 254 and 302 kW), respectively. The FQ-400, sold through Ralliart UK, produced 411 PS (302 kW; 405 hp) at 6,400 rpm and maximum torque of 481 N⋅m (355 lb⋅ft) at 5,500 rpm, from its 1,997 cc (2.0 L; 121.9 cu in) 4G63 inline-four engine ,

5546-525: The Lancer Evolution, the Evolution X, was launched in Japan in 2007, and overseas markets in 2008. The Evolution X was produced for almost 10 years until Mitsubishi retired the Lancer Evolution in April 2016. The first Lancer Evolution used the 2.0 L turbocharged DOHC engine and AWD drivetrain from the original Galant VR-4 in a Lancer chassis, and was sold in GSR and RS models. This engine

5664-517: The OTC markets are sometimes purchased or sold over the counter (OTC) via the grey market. Grey market securities have no market makers quoting the stock. Since grey market securities are not traded or quoted on an exchange or interdealer quotation system, investors' bids and offers are not collected in a central spot so market transparency is diminished and effective execution of orders is difficult. In India, unofficial grey market trades are very common for

5782-473: The Premier League to broadcast content. This is because certain elements of the broadcast such as branding are copyrighted. There followed two High Court judgements on this matter. Mr Justice Kitchin ruled that QC Leisure and other suppliers of foreign satellite systems could carry on with their businesses if they could prevent copyright elements such as branding of football matches from being shown in

5900-458: The RS being 1,260 kg (2,778 lb) and the GSR being 1,345 kg (2,965 lb) (Sunroof model 1,370 kg (3,020 lb)). Much of the technical improvements for this generation were also used in the second-generation Mitsubishi RVR originally sold only in Japan but since exported to Australia and New Zealand. The Evolution IV was the last model to be considered "compact" according to Japanese dimension regulations . Many aspects of

6018-417: The RS model, which was a first in a production car. Output was rated at 280 PS (276 hp; 206 kW) at 6,500 rpm and maximum torque of 373 N⋅m (275 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm. The Evolution VI received new bodywork yet again, with the most easily noticeable change being within the front bumper where the huge fog lights were reduced in size and moved to the corners for better airflow. A new model

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6136-485: The SE and MR models (stereo system, power windows and locks, rear wiper, rear wing, trunk lining and sound insulation). The result is a weight savings of over 60 lb (27 kg). The fuel capacity remains the same as the Evo VIII at 14 U.S. gal (53 L). Although the RS is the lightest of the group, the RS did not manage to outperform the standard IX and the MR around a road course (even if only by fractions of

6254-651: The U.S.) for Canadian satellite services such as Bell Satellite TV or Shaw Direct . VPN services also market access to programming restricted by broadcasting deals through spoofing an IP address within a different territory. This is commonly used to access a television series otherwise stuck on an unpopular streaming service and instead access it easier through a service such as Netflix , which may have it in their library within another territory. In Europe , some satellite TV services are encrypted since they have only been authorised by content suppliers to broadcast films, sporting events and US entertainment programming in

6372-513: The UK to Ireland is often done so that Irish Sky customers can receive Channel 5 and some of the other channels not generally available via Sky in Ireland because of trademark and other licensing issues. Conversely, Sky viewing cards from Ireland, which allow viewing of Irish terrestrial channels, are imported into the UK. Northern Ireland residents subscribing to Sky can watch RTÉ One and Two and TG4 , although not TV3 , which carries many of

6490-447: The UK. These books typically contain a disclaimer stating that importation is not permitted. However, the U.S. Supreme Court decisions Quality King v. L'anza (1998) and especially Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2013, involving textbooks imported from Thailand by an eBay seller) protect the importation of lawfully produced copyrighted materials under the first-sale doctrine . The Financial Times has stated that

6608-470: The US and "EOS xx0/xx00" outside it, aimed at preventing the competitively priced US-merchandise reaching Europe where sales are slower but achieve a higher profit. Trade or bartering of frequent-flyer miles is prohibited by nearly all major airlines, although an authorised medium exists for specific frequent flyer programs. Unauthorised exchanges of frequent flyer miles – of which several exist – are also major examples of grey markets. Following

6726-903: The US are equipped with air conditioning. The 2005 MR/RS editions came with an aluminum roof. Additionally, Evolution VIII MR Editions come equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission, Bilstein shocks, optional graphite grey color (unique to the Evolution VIII MR), optional BBS wheels and an optional vortex generator. The MR Edition also received engine updates and reliability changes, the engine updates include larger turbo diameter mouth, updated cam profiles, lighter balance shafts and changed from single wastegate solenoid to dual solenoid. Exterior changes included HID headlights, updated taillights, and MR rear badging . Interior updates included black suede Recaro seats with higher side bolsters , carbon look dash trim , and MR badging on center console. Mechanical changes saw S-AWC rear diff changes,

6844-489: The US as well, especially when the US price is lower in the US than in countries like China . Beyond cost issues, grey market cars provide consumer access to models never officially released. Before 1987, the Range Rover , Mercedes-Benz G-Class , and Lamborghini Countach , all revolutionary designs, were grey import vehicles in the United States . The grey market provided a clear signal to these manufacturers that

6962-536: The US grey market in 1988. In the UK, some Japanese domestic market models fetch a high price because of their performance, novelty or status, assisted by the fact that the Japanese drive on the left, in common with the UK, so vehicles are right hand drive. Popular types include off-road vehicles, people carriers, affordable sports cars like the Mazda MX-5 / Roadster , very high performance sports cars including

7080-443: The US in 2005, with ACD and the only model with a 6-speed manual transmission. The 2005 US spec RS and GSR have the ACD standard, and the front helical limited-slip differential is now standard on all models. The boost, timing, and tuning are also significantly lower than its Japanese counterpart, allowing it to adhere to the strict emissions regulations of the United States. Starting in 2005, the US model Evolutions were also fitted with

7198-547: The US–Canada border where Canadians often pay significantly lower prices for US-made pharmaceuticals than Americans do. A related concept is off-label use . Drugs are generally authorized for particular uses, but such authorization generally only prohibits the manufacturer from marketing them for other uses; physicians may be permitted to prescribe them for unauthorized, "off-label" uses. Public company securities that are not listed, traded or quoted on any U.S. stock exchange or

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7316-457: The active center differential to change the differential locking. Each setting determines how long the ACD will delay in freeing the center differential after a steering input is made. In addition, it will determine how much locking force the ACD will exhibit on the clutch pack and center differential. When the clutch is not fully engaged, torque split can not be 50/50. Tarmac is the setting to be used in dry, paved conditions. In this setting,

7434-492: The agreement. Therefore, each subsequent version has unofficially evolved above the advertised power figures, with the Japanese-market Evolution IX reaching an alleged output of around 321 PS (236 kW; 317 hp). Various special versions available in other markets, particularly the UK, have official power outputs up to 446 PS (328 kW; 440 hp). The tenth and final generation of

7552-409: The alternative to modding by some gamers. The reasons for this may range from the console being crippled in some markets to that of the desired game not being released for the market the potential consumer of the game is in. PC code stripping is a process by which boxed PC product is bought in large quantities at cheap rates. Manual labor is then used to open the box, retrieve the activation code from

7670-452: The base IX (nor were they standard on the 2005 VIII), and were available only in the SSL package (Sun, Sound, and Leather), SE (Special Edition) and MR trims . The US versions of the Lancer Evolution IX did not come with the AYC but the ACD was still present. The drivers can select from three different driving modes, "Tarmac", "Gravel" and "Snow", and the car's computer system relatively promotes

7788-404: The biggest grey market marketplaces for sneakers is StockX . Since November 2020, it has also opened up to electronic products with a valuation of almost four billion. StockX has planned to go public since October 2019. As of January 2022, they had not yet done so. The parties most opposed to the grey market are usually the authorised agents or importers, or the retailers of the item in

7906-406: The box and enter the code into a database. The activation code is then sold online as a download key and the physical product is discarded or sold as backup media. There is a grey market in electronics in which retailers import merchandise from regions where the prices are cheaper or where regional design differences are more favourable to consumers, and subsequently sell merchandise in regions where

8024-1041: The car at the Geneva Motor Show for the European market the same day. The North American markets saw the model exhibited at the New York International Auto Show the following month. The 2.0 L (1,997 cc) 4G63 Inline-four engine has MIVEC technology ( variable valve timing ), and a revised turbocharger design boosting official power output at the crankshaft to 291 PS (214 kW; 287 hp) and torque to 392 N⋅m (289 lb⋅ft). The USDM Lancer Evolution IX models: standard (Grand Sport Rally or "GSR" in some markets), RS (Rally Sport), SE (Special Edition) and MR (Mitsubishi Racing) varied slightly in their performance capabilities. Subtleties unique to each model accounted for variations in acceleration, handling and top speed. The RS excluded features that came standard on

8142-428: The car were changed such as: Furthermore, the turbocharger was again improved. Torque was increased to 372.6 N⋅m (275 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm. Power officially stayed the same, at 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp). The Evolution VI's changes mainly focused on cooling and engine durability. It received a larger intercooler, larger oil cooler, and new pistons, along with a titanium-aluminide turbine wheel for

8260-754: The cards available in the UK from Sky (who charge extra fees for public showing licences). However, Sky has taken civil and criminal action against some who do this. Two recent cases involving grey cards have been referred to the European Court of Justice . The suppliers of grey cards and Karen Murphy won their cases at the European Court of Justice. The judges ruled that right holders cannot license their content on an exclusive territorial basis as it breaches EU law on competition and free movement of goods and services . However, whilst this ruling allows domestic viewers to subscribe to foreign satellite services, pubs may still need permission from rights holders such as

8378-402: The decoding defaces the logo of the product or brand or if the batch code is removed preventing the manufacturer from re-calling defective batches. Torque steer Torque steer is the unintended influence of engine torque on the steering , especially in front-wheel-drive vehicles. For example, during heavy acceleration, the steering may pull to one side, which may be disturbing to

8496-465: The driver. The effect is manifested either as a tugging sensation in the steering wheel, or a veering of the vehicle from the intended path. Torque steer is directly related to differences in the forces in the contact patches of the left and right drive wheels . The effect becomes more evident when high torques are applied to the drive wheels because of a high overall reduction ratio between the engine and wheels, high engine torque, or some combination of

8614-478: The early days of camera sales during the 1960s and 70s, when lenses had amber coating, the bargain basements for Japanese equipment were Hong Kong and Singapore, through which goods were channeled to European shop windows bypassing the often substantial levy of the official importers. World-market pricing and the Internet have largely eliminated this. Canon gives their hard-selling DSLR cameras names like "Rebel" in

8732-403: The emergence of the video-game grey market. Certain otherwise identical arcade games are marketed under different titles, such as Carrier Air Wing / U.S. Navy , Mega Man / Rockman , and Police 911 / Police 24/7 . When certain arcade games are first powered on, a warning message is shown such as "[t]his game is intended only for sale and use in (country/region)" and often, such a message

8850-473: The factory, although some RS models sold to privateer racing teams left the factory with steel wheels. February 1995 saw the arrival of the Evolution III, following a pre-release in 1993 which had several improvements over the previous models. New, more aggressive styling and a new nose moulding improved the air supply to the radiator, intercooler and brakes. New side skirts and rear bumper moldings and

8968-452: The front and rear, and separate rear side headrests. This model deleted the GSR's headliner-mounted sunglass holder to make room for the sunroof. The Philippines had the Evolution IX until in August 2008, which was offered in two trims, the entry-level RS offering a 5-speed manual transmission, Brembo 17-inch ventilated discs (4-Pot), Brembo 16-inch ventilated drum-in-disc (2-Pot) and almost

9086-404: The front struts, bodywork tweaks including a larger spoiler, and tires that were 10 mm (0.4 in) wider. This Evolution also has a 50 L (13.2 US gal; 11.0 imp gal) fuel tank. Power output was increased to 256 PS (188 kW; 252 hp) from the same engine and torque was unchanged for both GSR and RS models. Most cars came with 15-inch OZ 5-spoke wheels from

9204-511: The front wheels—this indeed was the solution adopted on the earliest front-wheel-drive Citroens. Early Renault front-driven models such as the R4 , R5 Phase I, R12 , R18 and certain R21 models also adopted this layout, as does Audi to the present day in its midsize models upward. The key disadvantage is packaging; in the case of Audi, which mounts the power unit ahead of the front axle line, handling

9322-403: The grey market. Such rights may be exercised against the import, sale and/or advertisement of grey imports. In 2002, Levi Strauss , after a 4-year legal case, prevented the UK supermarket Tesco from selling grey market jeans. However, such rights can be limited. Examples of such limitations include the first-sale doctrine in the United States and the doctrine of the exhaustion of rights in

9440-491: The initial public offering (IPOs). The people put their money in the unregulated and unofficial grey market before the listing of the IPOs. Company promoters along with the market operators buy and sell the shares before the listing. This is the easiest way to manipulate the share price before IPO listing. College-level textbooks have a grey market, with publishers offering them for lower prices in developing countries or sometimes

9558-477: The language on labels, units of measurement, and nutritional disclosure on foodstuffs) can be brought into play, as can national standards certifications for certain goods. Manufacturers may give the same item different model numbers in different countries, even though the functions of the item are identical, so that they can identify grey imports. Manufacturers can also use supplier codes to enable similar tracing of grey imports. Parallel market importers often decode

9676-471: The late 1980s, manufacturers labelled the resold products as the "grey market". The legality of selling "grey market" products depends on a number of factors. Courts in the United States and in the EU make a number of assessments, including an examination of the physical and non-physical differences between the "grey market" and authorized products to determine whether there are material differences. The legality of

9794-421: The law. Manufacturers may refuse to supply distributors and retailers (and with commercial products, customers) that trade in grey market goods. They may also more broadly limit supplies in markets where prices are low. Manufacturers may refuse to honor the warranty of an item purchased from grey market sources, on the grounds that the higher price on the non-grey market reflects a higher level of service even though

9912-529: The lineup, the MR came with a revised front limited-slip differential , aluminum MR shift knob , handbrake with carbon fibre handle, 17-inch BBS wheels, aluminum roof, and a 6-speed manual gearbox. Additionally, the Evolution MR's taillights and headlights sported a new black housing. The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII MR used slick-response Bilstein shocks for improved handling . The aluminium roof panel and other reductions in body weight lowered

10030-473: The manufacturer does of course control their own prices to distributors. Alternatively, they may provide the warranty service only from the manufacturer's subsidiary in the intended country of import, not the diverted third country where the grey-market goods are ultimately sold by the distributor or retailer. This response to the grey market is especially evident in electronics goods. Local laws (or customer demand) concerning distribution and packaging (for example,

10148-518: The manufacturer's selling price is more expensive. Online retailers are often able to exploit pricing disparities in various countries by using grey-market imports from regions where the product is sold at lower costs and reselling them without regional buyer restrictions. Websites such as Taobao and eBay enable customers to buy products designed for foreign regions with different features or at cheaper costs, using parallel importation. The grey market for photographic equipment and other such electronics

10266-481: The market is now over a billion dollars for grey market Swiss watches such as Rolex , Breitling , IWC , Cartier , Patek Philippe , Audemars Piguet , Breguet and Bulgari . Barron's has that fine Swiss watches may be available for up to 40% lower prices from the grey market. The New York Times even went after the Rolex Daytona calling it "the hottest watch that money can't buy". One of

10384-479: The nature of grey markets, it is difficult or impossible to track the precise numbers of grey market sales. Grey market goods are often new, but some grey market goods are used goods . A market in used goods is sometimes nicknamed a green market. The two main types of grey markets are those of imported manufactured goods that would normally be unavailable or more expensive in a certain country and unissued securities that are not yet traded in official markets. Sometimes

10502-437: The new 4G63 came with MIVEC, Mitsubishi's variable valve timing technology, which drastically improves the fuel consumption by changing the valve timing on the intake cam. The MIVEC system is similar to Honda 's i- VTEC system only that it doesn't change valve lift , only intake valve timing. Three trims were available for Japan, Asia and Europe. Although all models used the same 291 PS (214 kW; 287 hp) engine,

10620-422: The newly designed tail lights on the rear, which became a standard design to Evolution V, which would become yet another trademark of the Evolution series, note the RS has no light mounts on the boot/trunk for further weight saving. This new generation was slightly heavier than previous Evo's—the GSR in particular due to the added technology systems—but to counter this, the car produced even more power—the weight of

10738-443: The original manufacturer or trademark proprietor. Grey market products (grey goods) are products traded outside the authorised manufacturer's channel. Manufacturers of computers, telecom, and technology equipment often sell these products through distributors. Most distribution agreements require the distributor to resell the products strictly to end users. However, some distributors choose to resell products to other resellers. In

10856-410: The product in order to avoid the identification of the supplier. In the United States, courts have ruled decoding is legal, however manufacturers and brand owners may have rights if they can prove that the decoding has materially altered the product where certain trademarks have been defaced or the decoding has removed the ability of the manufacturer from enforcing quality-control measures. For example, if

10974-492: The product was not available, adding a substantial margin to the resale price. The launch of the iPhone 14 , which removed the SIM card slot in the United States and was replaced with eSIM technology, but remains elsewhere, including Canada , also created a grey market for a version with a traditional SIM card slot. Purchasing some games from online content distribution systems, such as Valve 's Steam , simply requires entering

11092-446: The product where it is available cheaply, often at retail but sometimes at wholesale, and import it to the target market. They then sell it at a price high enough to provide a profit but below the normal market price. International efforts to promote free trade , including reduced tariffs and harmonised national standards, facilitate this form of arbitrage whenever manufacturers attempt to preserve highly disparate pricing. Because of

11210-425: The products oftentimes turns on this examination. Grey market goods are goods sold outside the authorized distribution channels by entities which may have no relationship with the producer of the goods. This form of parallel import frequently occurs when the price of an item is significantly higher in one country than another. This commonly takes place with electronic equipment such as cameras . Entrepreneurs buy

11328-612: The rally homologation based cars like the Subaru Impreza and Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution , ultra-compact kei cars , and limited edition Japanese market designer cars like the Nissan Figaro . In Japan, due to strict and differing car classifications and emission regulations, or lack of main consumer demand, some international models or certain regional models are not sold in Japanese domestic market. Grey importers are trying to import some of these models into Japan but it

11446-406: The rear wheels. The most common setup is the 1.5 way LSD, locking on throttle and partially locking on braking. In racing, Lancer Evolutions are not equipped with AYC or ACD because it is believed that better lap times are achieved by pure driver skill without any computer based assistance systems. One of the changes from the previous iteration of the Lancer Evolution, was the change in the engine,

11564-626: The result of special modifications by United Kingdom tuning firms Rampage Tuning, Owen Developments, and Flow Race Engines. The "FQ" name stands for F——ing Quick , although it is not officially recognized by Mitsubishi due to the vulgarity behind the abbreviation. At 202.8 hp (151.2 kW) per litre, it has one of the highest specific outputs per litre of any road car engine. With a curb weight of 1,450 kg (3,197 lb), it achieves 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.5 seconds, 0–100 mph (161 km/h) in 9.1 seconds, 1 ⁄ 4 mile (402 m) in 12.1 seconds at 117 mph (188 km/h), and

11682-592: The same features as to that of the GSR trim in the international version. Some RS models had the SAYC option, while some did not. The MR was the top-of-the-line segment, which offered almost the same features as to that of the MR trim in the international version. All of them are powered by the same 2.0 L (1,997 cc) 4G63 turbocharged MIVEC Inline-four engine . Mitsubishi also released an Evolution IX wagon in GT, GT-A models, and MR special versions. Variants came in

11800-509: The same programmes as ITV , a lot of the programmes airing before ITV can show them. It is also becoming increasingly common in the UK for some pubs to use satellite decoder cards from Greece , Norway , Poland or the Arab world to receive satellite TV broadcasting live English football matches from those countries. Alternatively, they may use cards which allow pirate decryption of scrambled signals. Such cards are typically much cheaper than

11918-563: The speedo and tach. The GT-A also had additional sound deadening and privacy glass installed from the factory and the engine manifold and downpipe had been engineered to be quieter. The 5-speed W5A51 automatic gearbox had what Mitsubishi called "fuzzy logic", which meant that the car would learn what the driver's driving characteristics were like and would adapt the gear change timings and kick down reactions accordingly. The gears could be manually selected as with most Tiptronics via steering wheel + and – buttons (a pair both sides) or via selecting

12036-501: The standard model, the Sun, Sound and Leather package added a power sunroof, HID xenon headlamps with integrated fog lights, a slightly different stereo head unit (with no integral amplifier), slightly upgraded speakers in the front doors and parcel shelf , a 4.1-channel amplifier under the driver's seat, a powered, trunk-mounted Infinity subwoofer , black leather seating surfaces, leather-trimmed door panels, slightly revised center armrests in

12154-459: The target market. Often this is the national subsidiary of the manufacturer, or a related company. In response to the resultant damage to their profits and reputation, manufacturers and their official distribution chain will often seek to restrict the grey market. Such responses can breach competition law , particularly in the European Union. Manufacturers or their licensees often seek to enforce trademark or other intellectual-property laws against

12272-413: The term dark market is used to describe secretive, unregulated trading in commodity futures , notably crude oil in 2008. This can be considered a third type of "grey market" not intended or explicitly authorised by oil producers. The import of legally restricted or prohibited items such as prescription drugs or firearms, on the other hand, is considered black market , as is the smuggling of goods into

12390-451: The tins over the border to Shenzhen before returning to Hong Kong to repeat the process. The effect of the runners led to a shortage of infant formula in Hong Kong forcing the government to impose an export restriction of two tins per person per trip. The Chinese then turned to Australia, subsequently also causing shortages there and for milk formula producers to ask retailers in the United Kingdom to restrict purchasers to two tins, as there

12508-573: The tiptronic gate with the gear lever. Power was down a little from the standard manual cars with 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp), while Torque was decreased to 343 N⋅m (253 lb⋅ft). The GT-A gearbox did not appear again in the Evolution VIII but has been installed in the estate version of the Evolution IX Wagon. It was replaced by the Twin Clutch SST gearbox since the introduction of Evolution X. Evolution VII GT-A

12626-412: The torque differed from one model to another. In Europe, however, the Evolution IX was advertised to have 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp). The GSR produced 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) of torque, while the RS and GT produced 407 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft). In the United Kingdom, the Evolution IX used a different model scheme based on the car's horsepower. There were initially three models available:

12744-415: The two. Torque steer is distinct from steering kickback . Root causes for torque steer are: Asymmetric driveshaft angles due to any combination of The problems associated with unequal-length driveshafts are endemic to the transverse engine layout combined with an end-mounted transmission unit; some manufacturers have mitigated this completely by mounting the engine longitudinally but still driving

12862-534: The warranty provided, and since the grey sets were manufactured for another state, photographic equipment manufacturers often offer local warranty , instead of international warranty, which will render grey sets ineligible for warranty claims with the manufacturer . Because of the nature of local warranties, importers of grey sets usually offer their own warranty schemes to compensate for the manufacturers' refusal of service. Grey sets do not differ particularly from official imports. They look and function identically. In

12980-518: The wheels). Originally a one-off model, sales were so successful in the U.S. that by 2005 it was available in four trims. The standard GSR model was available in Japan. The RS model was provided with a 5-speed manual gearbox and standard wheels (lacking excess components, such as interior map lights, power windows /doors, and radio). The SSL trim package came with a sunroof, trunk mounted subwoofer , and leather seats. All of these trim levels also included chrome headlight and taillight housings. To round out

13098-536: Was 228 km/h (142 mph). The GSR version of the Evolution I was the only Evolution Lancer released with a viscous limited-slip rear differential ( VLSD ). The subsequent Evolution Lancer models all featured rear mechanical plate type LSD's. The Evolution II was upgraded in December 1993, and was produced until February 1995. It mainly consisted of handling improvements, including minor wheelbase adjustments, lighter front swaybar that connected via swaybar links to

13216-601: Was added to the GSR and RS lineup; known as the RS2, it was an RS with a few of the GSR's options. Another limited-edition RS was known as the RS Sprint, an RS tuned by Ralliart in the UK to be lighter and more powerful with 330 hp (246 kW). Yet another special edition Evolution VI was released in December 1999: the Tommi Mäkinen Edition, named after Finnish rally driver Tommi Mäkinen who had won Mitsubishi four WRC drivers championships. It featured

13334-452: Was also released in limited numbers (only 200) in the last year of production. Four models were available in the US. All models used the same 286 bhp (290 PS; 213 kW) engine. All of the American models are the same in power, but may differ in performance. The only thing that sets them apart is the Evo RS, which is 80 lb (36 kg) lighter than the MR and SE models. To

13452-632: Was also used in the Mitsubishi RVR with the Hyper Sports Gear trim package, and the Mitsubishi Chariot Resort Runner GT . The RS was a stripped-down version that lacked power windows and seats, anti-lock brakes , a rear wiper, and had steel wheels to weigh approximately 70 kg (154 lb) less than the 1,238 kg (2,729 lb) GSR, ready for racing or tuning. The RS version was released with

13570-603: Was based on the larger Lancer Cedia platform and as a result gained more weight over the Evolution VI, but Mitsubishi made up for this with multiple important chassis tweaks. The biggest change was the addition of an active center differential and a more effective limited-slip differential, while a front helical limited-slip differential was added. Torque was increased again to 383 N⋅m (282 lb⋅ft) with engine tweaks that allowed greater airflow, and horsepower officially remained at 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp). For

13688-453: Was designed to give a cleaner line through the air with less air resistance at highway speeds. Interior could be specified with factory options of a deluxe velour interior, full leather with 4-way Power seats or the Recaro sports seats. The GT-A interior was different in that it had chromed door handles, a different instrument panel (to show the gear selection) and chrome edged bezels around

13806-513: Was evidence that milk formula is being purchased for onward shipment to China. Some prescription medications, most notably popular and branded drugs, can have very high prices in comparison to their cost of transport. In addition, pharmaceutical prices can vary significantly between countries, particularly as a result of government intervention in prices. As a consequence, the grey market for pharmaceuticals flourishes, particularly in Europe and along

13924-528: Was launched on January 29, 2002, and it was available at the Galant and Mitsubishi Car Plaza dealers nationwide from February 1 of that same year, at a starting price of ¥ 3.3 million. The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII appeared in 2003, this time sporting 17-inch grey Enkei wheels, Brembo brakes and Bilstein shocks to handle traction and a 5-speed manual gearbox with 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) (approx. 234 bhp (237 PS; 174 kW) to

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