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42-522: The site is 60 by 80 feet (18 m × 24 m), less than 0.2 acres (810 m) in size, and is located in the Washington Square West neighborhood, in the center city section of Philadelphia, about 1 ⁄ 4  mi west and 1 ⁄ 4  mi south of Independence Hall . Mikveh Israel Cemetery was originally a private burial ground for the family of Nathan Levy. In 1738, one of Levy's children died. Rather than bury

84-585: A 75-year break at the hospital. The specialties were reinstated in 1929 with the opening of the Woman's Building (now the Spruce Building) which sported 150 adult beds, 80 bassinets, 2 operating rooms, a series of labor and delivery rooms, and outpatient clinics. It was considered "one of the most modern hospital buildings in the country" especially at a time when women's medicine was not thought to be very important and most births were still done at home. This

126-838: A center for treating the war wounded. Patients were brought to the hospital for treatment in the Revolutionary War , the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War , and units from the hospital were sent abroad to treat wounded in World War I and in World War II (to the Pacific theater). The seal of the hospital, chosen by Franklin and Bond, incorporates the story of the Good Samaritan ;

168-664: A leading regional medical university and health care center, are located within the neighborhood. The one-time headquarters of the former Curtis Publishing Company and the University of the Arts lie at the edges of the neighborhood. Washington Square West's real estate is mixed commercial, residential and service industries, characterized by two, three, and four-story rowhouses interspersed with condominiums, mid-rise apartments, hospitals and offices with ground-floor retail. The neighborhood follows William Penn 's original grid layout for

210-549: A time when mental illness was very poorly understood and patients were often treated very badly. Care of the mentally ill was removed to West Philadelphia in 1841 with the construction of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, later known as The Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital . Under superintendent Thomas Story Kirkbride , the hospital developed a treatment philosophy that became the standard for care of

252-542: Is 28th in the country of 620 programs. According to the Doximity residency Obstetrics & Gynecology rankings, in the category "Reputation" Pennsylvania Hospital is 48th in the country of 298 programs. In 1762, the first book for the hospital's medical library was donated by John Fothergill , a British friend of Franklin's. In 1847, the American Medical Association designated the library as

294-464: Is a National Historic Landmark . Pennsylvania Hospital was originally conceived in 1751 by Thomas Bond as an institution "for the reception and cure of the sick poor...free of charge. It was funded by "matching grant" to donations of the people of Philadelphia by a bill, which the House passed unanimously on February 7, 1750. Franklin later wrote that, "I do not remember any of my political Manoeuvres,

336-633: Is a neighborhood in Center City, Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States. The neighborhood roughly corresponds to the area between 7th and Broad Streets and between Chestnut and South Streets, bordering on the Independence Mall tourist area directly northeast, Market East to the north, Old City and Society Hill to the East, Bella Vista directly south, Hawthorne to the southwest, and mid-town Philadelphia and Rittenhouse Square to

378-675: Is a private , non-profit , 515-bed teaching hospital located at 800 Spruce Street in Center City Philadelphia , The hospital was founded on May 11, 1751 by Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Bond , and was the second established public hospital (first was Bellevue) but had the first surgical amphitheatre in the United States. and its first medical library. It is part of the University of Pennsylvania Health System . The hospital's main building, dating to 1756,

420-544: Is likely the reference to Isaac Stretch is to Isaac Stretch (1714–1770), son of Daniel Stretch (1694–1746), another son of Peter and Margery Stretch. The Stretch family were Quakers. Joseph Stretch, mentioned above, was at this time "His Majesty's Collector of Excise for the City and County of Philadelphia", as may be seen from a notice in the Pennsylvania Gazette of October 28, 1756; and subsequently, in 1768, he

462-476: Is so-named because of its large concentration of LGBT-friendly small businesses, services, restaurants, and gay bars . It was also a red light district and center of Philadelphia's gay bathhouse culture in the 1970s and 1980s. The area is the location for Philadelphia's annual OutFest: National Coming Out Day celebration . On 18 April 2007, the city of Philadelphia officially recognized the area by adding 36 gay pride rainbow flag symbols to street signs within

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504-656: The Beth El Emeth Cemetery in 1895. In the present day, Congregation Mikveh Israel continues to steward these three cemeteries. Many distinguished Americans are buried in Mikveh Israel Cemetery. They include: The cemetery ceased to be a regular place of burial in 1886 except for the interment of Josephine Etting in 1913, Fanny Polano Elmaleh, wife of Reverend Leon H. Elmaleh, in 1966, and Reverend Leon H. Elmaleh in 1972. Washington Square West, Philadelphia Washington Square West

546-403: The "Blocks Below Broad" or "B3", with the launch of several new retail establishments. The attempt failed but was repeated in 2006 by a merchants association organized by James McManaman. While the organization has attempted to re-brand the neighborhood "Midtown Village" and launched new retail establishments along 13th Street, long-time residents, professionals, and proprietors refer to the area as

588-407: The 1990s and early 2000s, the neighborhood had transformed into an economically vital community. In 2003, construction began on what was to be (for a time) the city's tallest apartment building, The St. James . The structure also incorporates the 1869 Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building and the facades of York Row, a series of antique townhomes. The Washington Square West Historic District

630-527: The Gayborhood area. 32 additional signs were added in June 2010. On 25 June 2015, rainbows, indicating LGBT pride, were painted onto crosswalks at the intersection of 13th and Locust streets. Its success as a city neighborhood has led to several attempts at large-scale private development in the Gayborhood in the 2000s. In 2002, developer Tony Goldman attempted to change 13th Street and its surroundings into

672-464: The Gayborhood or Center City. In 2019, the Gayborhood saw its first LGBTQ landmark with the addition to the city historic register of the Camac Baths, which was a meeting place for gay and bisexual men as early as the 1930s. The nomination provides a history of the bathhouse and its LGBTQ associations, which include Christopher Isherwood . Pennsylvania Hospital Pennsylvania Hospital

714-492: The Philadelphia metropolitan area. It also achieved a high-performing status across six subspecialties. Obstetrics & Gynecology was ranked 45th in the nation among 4,855 hospitals. The 2018 Becker's Hospital Review listed the internal medicine residency program at Pennsylvania Hospital 19th in the country. According to the Doximity residency internal medicine rankings, in the category "Reputation" Pennsylvania Hospital

756-722: The Physic Garden in 1774 to provide physicians with ingredients for medicines. The idea was approved, but financial circumstances intervened and the project was delayed for two centuries. In 1976, the planting of the garden was the bicentennial project of the Philadelphia Committee of the Garden Club of America and the Friends of Pennsylvania Hospital. Located in front of the Pine Building's West Wing,

798-730: The Sephardic synagogue Congregation Mikveh Israel (official name: קהל קדוש מקוה ישראל, Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel , or "Holy Congregation Hope of Israel"), founded in 1740 and still active in the 21st century. In 1791, the Congregation appointed trustees for the burial ground, and in 1793, the Levy family recognized the right of the Congregatin Mikveh Israel to the Spruce Street Cemetery. However

840-475: The Success of which gave me at the time more Pleasure." On September 2, 1751, Mathias Koplin donated the first plot of ground for the new hospital. The first building at the hospital was opened on February 6, 1752, on High Street (now Market Street). Elizabeth Gardner, a Quaker widow, was appointed Matron of the hospital. As the hospital received support of the leading families in Philadelphia, its permanence

882-556: The child in unsanctified ground, he applied to John Penn (chief of Pennsylvania's proprietary government at that time) for "a small piece of ground" with permission to make it a family cemetery. This property was at the corner of 9th and Walnut Streets, the present site of the Walnut Street Theatre . Two years later, Nathan Levy secured a larger plot from the Penn family at the present location of Mikveh Israel Cemetery. This

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924-525: The city in the 1960s and 1970s were left as empty lots and the neighborhood was left in a state of decline. Through the late 1970s and 1980 began a slow recovery without the aid of the large-scale redevelopment that had occurred in Society Hill. The 1990s saw a shift in the neighborhood as Mayor Ed Rendell encouraged investment in Center City and gentrification began to take hold. By the end of

966-474: The city, with many one-lane and pedestrian side streets added later as the population became denser. In addition to the block-sized Washington Square Park to the East, the neighborhood contains the smaller Kahn Park, named after the Philadelphia architect Louis Kahn who resided in the neighborhood. The name "Washington Square West" came into official use in the late 1950s and early 1960s as part of Edmund Bacon 's comprehensive plan for Center City. In this plan,

1008-629: The dissensions among the descendants of the buried still disputed the right of ownership, until April 14, 1828, when the Legislature passed an act giving the burial ground to the Jews of Philadelphia, with the names of the trustees affixed to the petition. After the purchase of the Federal Street Cemetery , the burials on Spruce Street had almost ceased, the last recorded one being Hetty Pesoa, July 3, 1886. Mikveh Israel would acquire

1050-577: The early 1960s, the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority turned to Washington Square West. In the late 1960s, the Redevelopment Authority bought and demolished buildings and, by the mid-1970s, owned one-fifth of the neighborhood. By this time, however, federal money available for urban renewal had declined and the city was no longer able to fund the renewal of Washington Square West. Buildings razed by

1092-554: The first, largest, and most important medical library in the United States . That year, in 1847, the library contained about 9,000 volumes. The collection now contains over 13,000 volumes dating back to the 15th century—including medical and scientific volumes as well as books on natural history. The library includes the nation's most complete collection of medical books published between 1750 and 1850. The collection also contains several incunabula, books written before 1501, when

1134-526: The following day. The site continued to grow through the years with the addition of more wings; the West Wing of the building was built in 1796, and buildings, extra land, and further expansion have since been added. While attending clinics in the Pennsylvania Hospital in November 1869, the first time women students attended the hospital, Anna Lukens and a Miss Brumall led a line of women students out of

1176-458: The formerly stand-alone hospital with its network of resources. In 2001, Pennsylvania Hospital celebrated its 250th anniversary. The Center for Transfusion-Free Medicine at Pennsylvania Hospital has evolved into a major national bloodless center that treats more than 1300 inpatients per year. According to US News & World Report Pennsylvania Hospital is ranked 7th among hospitals in the state of Pennsylvania and 3rd among 12 hospitals ranked in

1218-407: The garden has plants that were once used for medicines to stimulate the heart, ease toothaches, relieve indigestion, and cleanse wounds in the 18th century. Pennsylvania Hospital is noted for its many firsts in the area of women's medicine, especially in maternity. In 1803, the hospital established a "lying-in" (or maternity) department. This lasted until 1854 when obstetrics and gynecology took

1260-488: The hospital grounds amid hisses, jeers, insults, and thrown stones and mud from male students. Pennsylvania Hospital gained a reputation as a center of innovation and medical advancement, particularly in the area of maternity. It was a teaching hospital from its very beginning, when Bond would lead rounds through what is now the east wing of the main building. In its early years it was also known for its particularly advanced and humane facilities for mentally ill patients at

1302-440: The mentally ill in the 19th century. In 1950, Pennsylvania Hospital was recognized for becoming more highly specialized as it established, in addition to its sophisticated maternity programs, an intensive care unit for neurological patients, a coronary care unit, an orthopaedic institute, a diabetes center, a hospice , specialized units in oncology and urology and broadened surgical programs. The hospital has served as

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1344-468: The neighborhood commonly known as the Gayborhood , which hosts annual events celebrating LGBT culture in Philadelphia , including OutFest . Philadelphia's Antique Row lies in the area, as does the nation's oldest hospital, Pennsylvania Hospital , and Philadelphia's oldest Jewish burial ground, Mikveh Israel Cemetery . Educational and medical facilities associated with Thomas Jefferson University ,

1386-408: The phrase "Take Care of Him and I will repay Thee" is used on it. In 1996, Patricia A. Ford established the bloodless medicine program at Pennsylvania Hospital and performed the first successful bloodless stem-cell transplant. In 1997, Pennsylvania Hospital's Board of Managers made the decision to merge with the University of Pennsylvania Health System . The large health system helps to support

1428-476: The printed process was invented. The top floor of Pennsylvania Hospital is the home of the nation's oldest surgical amphitheater, which served as the operating room from 1804 through 1868. Surgeries were performed on sunny days between 11:00 am and 2:00 pm since there was no electricity at the time. The surgical amphitheater seats 180 and with those standing, up to 300 people might be present during any given surgical operation. The Board of Managers first proposed

1470-493: The south-east quadrant of center city was split into Washington Square East (more commonly known as Society Hill ) and Washington Square West. Both neighborhoods were scheduled for urban renewal by Philadelphia's City Planning Commission and Redevelopment Authority. After a period of decline in the early 20th century, city officials hoped that redevelopment would clean up the neighborhood and clear blighted areas. After large-scale renewal of Washington Square East/Society Hill in

1512-407: The west. The area takes its name from Washington Square , a historic urban park in the northeastern corner of the neighborhood. In addition to being a desirable residential community, it is considered a hip, trendy neighborhood that offers a diverse array of shops, restaurants, and coffee houses. Washington Square West contains many gay -friendly establishments, especially in the gay village area of

1554-532: Was "His Majesty’s Collector of Customs, etc., for the Port of Philadelphia". Robert Harding was pastor of St. Joseph's Church. In 1755, the cornerstone was laid for the East Wing of what would become the hospital's permanent location at 8th and Pine Streets. All of the patients were transferred from the temporary hospital to the permanent hospital on December 17, 1756. The first admission of a new patient occurred on

1596-696: Was a director of the Philadelphia Contributionship (Hand-in-Hand fire mark) from 1758 to 1761. In the Pennsylvania Gazette of May 29, 1755, Thomas Stretch appears as one of the largest subscribers with Benjamin Franklin and others to the fund for the Pennsylvania Hospital. The Stretch family and Benjamin Franklin each provided half of the original capital to fund the hospital. The list of subscribers reads: Thomas Stretch and Joseph Stretch were sons of Peter Stretch (1670–1746) and Margery Hall Stretch (1668–1746). It

1638-641: Was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The 61-acre (250,000 m ) area encompasses 450 contributing buildings. Located in the district and separately listed are the Clinton Street Historic District , Roberts-Quay House , and Portico Row . The area approximately bounded by Chestnut, Pine, Juniper and 11th streets within Washington Square West is known as The Gayborhood . It

1680-407: Was followed in 1978 with the first Antenatal Testing Unit (ATU) in the region and in 1985 when the first GIFT ( Gamete IntraFallopian Transfer ) pregnancy in Philadelphia was achieved at the hospital. In 1987, Pennsylvania Hospital achieved two obstetrical firsts: the first birthing suite in a tertiary care hospital in the state was opened, and the first gestational carrier and egg donor programs in

1722-401: Was meant to be a permanent burial ground for the entire Jewish community of Philadelphia. Levy was buried there upon his death in 1753. The cemetery in 1740 was a 30' x 30' plot. In 1752, Nathan Levy received an additional grant of land north of the first plot. In 1765, John Penn granted Mathias Bush an adjacent piece of ground for burial purposes. By that time, the burial place was managed by

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1764-522: Was secured, and Samuel Rhoads was appointed architect of the new building. Thomas Stretch was among the leading citizens of Philadelphia and one of the founders of Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a member of the Union Fire Company , also known as Benjamin Franklin's Bucket Brigade and a founder of the social club known as Schuylkill Fishing Company , and the club's first governor in 1732, re-elected annually until his death in 1765. Stretch

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