The Minden Coalfield ( German : Mindener Revier ) is located in the northern Wiehen foothills near the German town of Minden . Here, seams of Wealden Coal ( Wealdenkohle ) reach the surface of the earth in the Schaumburg Basin ( Schaumburger Mulde ). During the Thirty Years' War Swedish soldiers first discovered this black coal near Minden whilst preparing fieldworks on the Bölhorst. By 1663 it was forbidden to dig privately for coal and severe penalties were imposed for doing so.
12-683: A series of shaft systems were sunk increasingly deeper into the earth. Coal continued to be mined until 1 August 1958, for example in the Barsinghausen coalfield ( Barsinghausener Revier ) east of Minden in the Deister . The last mine in this coalfield was the Minden Coal Mine ( Kohlenbergwerk Minden ) in Meißen . The Wealden near Minden divides into the 150 m (490 ft) thick Lower Wealden Shale ( Unterer Wealdenschieferton ) and
24-598: Is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants closely related to Ranunculus , in the family Ranunculaceae. The common name of some species is globeflower or globe flower . The generic name is derived from the Swiss-German word "Trollblume", meaning a rounded flower. Native to the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity of species in Asia, Species of
36-689: Is a chain of hills in the German state of Lower Saxony , about 15 mi (25 km) southwest of the city of Hanover . It runs in a north-westerly direction from Springe in the south to Rodenberg in the north. The next in the chain of hills to the south is the Kleiner Deister ("Little Deister") from which it is separated by the flat pass of the Deister Gate . It is surrounded by Springe, Wennigsen , Barsinghausen , Bad Nenndorf , Rodenberg and Bad Münder (counter-clockwise, starting in
48-505: Is the secondary seam with 31 cm (12 in) of solid coal. The main seam was abandoned in later years due to its lack of workability. The coal in the secondary seam has 22% volatile components and is categories as bituminous coal, low in gas. Its calorific value is 7,600 kcal/kg with a sulphur content of 8-9% as a result of iron sulphide . 52°15′57″N 8°52′47″E / 52.265767°N 8.879614°E / 52.265767; 8.879614 Deister The Deister
60-1237: The pine marten and beech marten , stoat , polecat , dwarf weasel and red fox . Birds of prey include the buzzard , goshawk and red kite . Rarer small animals include the mouse-eared bat and lesser horseshoe bat . Most of the hills in the Deister have a tower at the top, used for various purposes. The one on the Großer Hals is for telecommunications, while the one on the Höfeler is used for air traffic control . The others are for sightseeing and restaurants. 52°15′N 9°30′E / 52.250°N 9.500°E / 52.250; 9.500 Globeflower About 30, including: Trollius acaulis Trollius altaicus Trollius asiaticus Trollius austrosibiricus Trollius chinensis Trollius dschungaricus Trollius europaeus Trollius farreri Trollius japonicus Trollius laxus Trollius ledebourii Trollius lilacinus Trollius paluster Trollius papaverus Trollius pumilus Trollius ranunculinus Trollius yunnanensis Trollius
72-597: The 250 m (820 ft) thick Upper Wealden Shale ( Oberer Wealdenschieferton ). The 200 m (660 ft) thick bed of Wealden Sandstone east of the Weser is almost completely absent here. Below the Lower Shale are layers of Malm . The well-sealed shale results in the low water ingress from the hill range, but a high level of mine gas: 90 m (120 cu yd) of firedamp (CH 4 ) per ton of coal. The beds descend steadily at an incline of 20 - 22° towards
84-462: The genus Trollius are poisonous to cattle and other livestock when fresh, but their acrid taste means they are usually left uneaten. They are, however, used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including silver-ground carpet . Some species of the genus Trollius are popular ornamental flowers in horticulture , with several cultivars selected for large and brightly coloured flowers. The hybrid T. × cultorum in particular
96-466: The genus Trollius usually grow in heavy, wet clay soils. Species of the genus Trollius are mostly herbaceous , fibrous rooted perennials with bright yellow, orange or lilac coloured flowers. The name "globe flower" refers to the petals of T. europaeus and T. × cultorum which are curved over the top of the flower, forming a globe. But T. pumilus has flatter flowers, and T. chinensis has open flowers with prominent stamens. All species of
108-584: The north. Two large faults were discovered in the course of coal mining: The Rösche Fault ( Rösche-Sprung , 60 m (200 ft)) and the Porta Fault ( Porta-Verwerfung , 55 m (180 ft)). In the Lower Wealden Shale there are two coal seams. The main seam is 103 cm (41 in) thick (13 cm (5.1 in) of impure coal, 60 cm (24 in) of tailings and 31 cm (12 in) of pure coal), 32 cm (13 in) below
120-659: The opera house in Hanover and the Reichstag in Berlin . Today the Deister is a popular target for people of the Hanover area for walking and cycling. The Deister is a border region since ancient times. Here one can find many places with memorial stones, tumuli and ruins of castles. The ridge is covered by a mixed forest of beech and spruce and, in places, also beech and oak . On the Cecilienhöhe near Bad Nenndorf, at
132-582: The picnic area of Lauenau -Feggendorf and southwest of the old forester's lodge at Köllnischfeld are several examples of the rare, native dwarf beech ( Süntelbuche ). Amongst the rarer plants on the Deister are species of holly , mezereon , orchids , sundews , globeflowers , hard shield fern , and great snowdrops . The Deister is home to the typical animals found in the German Central Uplands . Red deer , roe deer and wild boar are very common. Other wild animals occurring here are
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#1732791362039144-555: The south). It has a total length of 21 km (14 mi), and rises in the Hofeler to a height of 395 m (1,250 ft). The highest point is the Bröhn at 405 m (1,312 ft). The chain is well-wooded and abounds in game. From the 17th century on there were several coal mines; the last was abandoned in the 1950s. Sandstone from quarries in eastern Deister was used in several important buildings all over Europe, including
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