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79-399: The Mudd Club was founded by filmmaker Steve Mass, art curator and filmmaker Diego Cortez, and downtown punk scene persona Anya Phillips in 1978. Mass named the club after Samuel Alexander Mudd , the physician who treated John Wilkes Booth in the aftermath of Abraham Lincoln 's assassination. To secure the space for the venue, which was a loft owned by artist Ross Bleckner , Mass described

158-470: A dressed-down style of T-shirts, jeans, combat boots or trainers, and crewcuts . Women in the hardcore scene typically wore army trousers, band T-shirts, and hooded jumpers. The style of the 1980s hardcore scene contrasted with the more provocative fashion styles of late 1970s punk rockers (elaborate hairdos , torn clothes, patches, safety pins, studs, spikes, etc.). Circle Jerks frontman Keith Morris described early hardcore fashion as "the...punk scene

237-621: A swastika for shock value; Vivienne Westwood's DESTROY shirt featured an upside-down crucified Jesus and a swastika, notably worn by members of the Sex Pistols. Most contemporary punks are staunchly anti-racist and are more likely to wear a crossed-out swastika symbol than a pro-Nazi symbol. Some punks cut their hair into mohawks or other dramatic shapes, style it to stand in spikes, and colour it with vibrant, unnatural hues. Some punks are anti-fashion , arguing that punk should be defined by music or ideology. Punk clothing choices challenge

316-497: A bra and underwear. Although that act can seem sexualised, to punks it was just a way of self-expression. Punk seemed to allow people to sexualise themselves and still be taken seriously. The nature of punk allowed many to create a non-gender-conforming style. Punks could be free to use femininity or masculinity to make what they were doing even more shocking to their audience. It became popular for some punks to accentuate societal norms. At one concert, Donita Sparks , lead singer of

395-716: A cameo appearance in The Cars ' music video Hello Again , directed by Andy Warhol . For the 1986 gay pride march in New York City, he organized and helped build a float called the Go-Go Stars , which had go-go dancers from various night clubs dancing on it. He performed "Hustle with My Muscle" in the 1988 film Mondo New York . His last public performance was at the Club Mars in New York in 1989. He recorded

474-488: A comprehensive exhibit, PUNK: Chaos to Couture , that examined the techniques of hardware, distress, and re-purposing in punk fashion. In the United Kingdom, the advent of punk in the late 1970s with its "anyone can do it" ethos led to women making significant contributions. In contrast to the rock music and heavy metal scenes of the 1970s, which were dominated by men, the anarchic, counter-cultural mindset of

553-467: A dichotomy. There was a notable amount of cross-dressing in the punk scene; it was not unusual to see men wearing ripped-up skirts, fishnet tights, and excessive makeup, or to see women with shaved heads wearing oversized plaid shirts and jean jackets and heavy combat boots. Punk created a new cultural space for androgyny and all kinds of gender expression. In trying to reject societal norms, punk embraced one societal norm by deciding that strength and anger

632-518: A door policy was established and it acquired a chic , often elitist hip reputation. After its first few years, Studio 54 celebrities like Andy Warhol , Grace Jones , Michael Musto , and David Bowie began to show up. In 1981, the Mudd Club's Steve Mass began going to the more informal Club 57 on St. Mark's Place , and began hiring the Club 57 crowd (including Keith Haring ) to help draw in

711-466: A four-song EP for Sire Records , produced by Mark Kamins and Ivan Ivan, as well as 12" singles and music videos for his songs "Rock Your Body" and "Hustle with My Muscle" and "Bump and Grind It", the latter produced by video artist Tom Rubnitz . "Hustle with My Muscle" and "Bump and Grind It" were released as an A and B side single and this was one of only two releases on Varla Records, a label specializing in alternative New York artists. Sex's trademark

790-404: A male framework." For some punks, the body was a symbol of opposition, a political statement expressing disgust of all that was "normal" and socially accepted. The idea was to make others outside of the subculture question their own views, which made gender presentation and gender identity a popular factor to be played with. In some ways, punk helped to tear apart the normalised view of gender as

869-410: A part of the punk subculture hold pro-Nazi or Fascist views, however, these Nazi/Fascist groups are rejected by almost all of the punk subculture. The belief that such views are opposed to the original ethos of the punk subculture, and its history, has led to internal conflicts and an active push against such views being considered part of punk subculture at all. Two examples of this are an incident during

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948-542: A person who adopts the dress, speech, and/or mannerisms of a particular subculture, yet who is deemed to not share or understand the values or philosophy of the subculture. Never one to shy away from criticising the music industry and even punk culture, in Chickenshit Conformist Dead Kennedys opined that "Punk's not dead It just deserves to die When it becomes another stale cartoon...Ideas don't matter, it's who you know.", saying punk

1027-424: A persona that simultaneously masked and amplified his polymorphous self, elaborating a mythic yet parody rock-star figure of mercurial presence". His "Acts of Live Art" series brought performance art into the club context. He was able to refine the combination of performance art, drag act, gay go-go dancer, cabaret singer, lounge MC, etc. as a performance art dancer who performed at New York clubs such as Club 57,

1106-461: A punk style (spiked hair and a bondage belt ) to adopting a hardcore style (i.e. boots and a shaved head) as being based on a need for more functional clothing. A punk scholar states that "hardcore kids do not look like punks", since hardcore scene members wore basic clothing and short haircuts, in contrast to the "embellished leather jackets and pants" worn in the punk scene. In contrast to Morris' and Rollins' views, another punk scholar claims that

1185-419: A quantity in a plastic bag and "huffing" (inhaling) the vapour. Liquid solvents were typically inhaled by soaking a rag with the solvent and inhaling the vapour. While users inhale solvents for the intoxicating effects, the practice can be harmful or fatal. Straight edge is a philosophy of hardcore punk culture, adherents of which refrain from using alcohol, tobacco, and other recreational drugs, in reaction to

1264-444: A role in many punk communities, providing shelter and other forms of support. Squats in abandoned or condemned housing, and communal " punk houses " often provide bands a place to stay while they are touring. There are some punk communes , such as Essex's Dial House . The Internet has been playing an increasingly large role in punk, specifically in the form of virtual communities and file sharing programs for trading music files. In

1343-496: A small town, or as many as thousands of in a major city. A local scene usually has a small group of dedicated punks surrounded by a more casual periphery. A typical punk scene is made up of punk and hardcore bands, fans who attend concerts, protests, and other events, zine publishers, reviewers, and other writers, visual artists illustrating zines, and creating posters and album covers, show promoters, and people who work at music venues or independent record labels . Squatting plays

1422-453: A unique style of punk rock, although not every style of punk rock has its own associated subculture. The earliest form of music to be called "punk rock" was 1960s garage rock , and the term was applied to the genre retroactively by influential rock critics in the early 1970s. In the late 1960s, music now referred to as protopunk originated as a garage rock revival in the northeastern United States. The first distinct music scene to claim

1501-419: Is a dance in which the dancers jump up and down, while either remaining on the spot or moving around; the dance takes its name from its resemblance to the use of a pogo stick, especially in a common version of the dance, where an individual keeps their torso stiff, their arms rigid, and their legs close together. Pogo dancing is closely associated with punk rock and is a precursor to moshing. Moshing or slamdancing

1580-440: Is a later development influenced by all of the above-mentioned styles. Psychobillies prefer to "wreck", a form of slam dancing that involves people punching each other in the chest and arms as they move around the circle pit. Punk has generated a considerable amount of poetry and prose . Punk has its own underground press in the form of punk zines , which feature news, gossip, cultural criticism, and interviews. Some zines take

1659-757: Is a standout example. Early British punks expressed nihilistic and anarchist views with the slogan No Future , which came from the Sex Pistols song " God Save the Queen ". In the United States, punks had a different approach to nihilism which was less anarchistic than the British punks. Punk nihilism was expressed in the use of "harder, more self-destructive, consciousness-obliterating substances like heroin, or methamphetamine". Early punk fashion adapted everyday objects for aesthetic effect: ripped clothing

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1738-434: Is a style of dance where participants push or slam into each other, typically during a live music show. It is usually associated with "aggressive" music genres, such as hardcore punk and thrash metal . Stage diving and crowd surfing were originally associated with protopunk bands such as The Stooges, and have appeared at punk, metal, and rock concerts. Ska punk promoted an updated version of skanking . Hardcore dancing

1817-438: Is primarily made up of beliefs such as non-conformity, anti-authoritarianism , anti-corporatism , a do-it-yourself ethic , anti-consumerist , anti- corporate greed , direct action , and not " selling out ". There is a wide range of punk fashion, including T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery, and body modification . Women in

1896-424: Is still popular with punks. The New York City punk rock scene arose from a subcultural underground promoted by artists, reporters, musicians, and a wide variety of non-mainstream enthusiasts. The Velvet Underground 's harsh and experimental yet often melodic sound in the mid to late-1960s, much of it relating to transgressive media work by visual artist Andy Warhol , is credited for influencing 1970s bands such as

1975-775: The Misfits , Black Flag , Suicidal Tendencies , and the Circle Jerks . My Rules was a photo zine that included photos of hardcore shows from across the US. In Effect , which began in 1988, described the New York City scene. Punk poets include: Richard Hell , Jim Carroll , Patti Smith , John Cooper Clarke , Seething Wells , Raegan Butcher , and Attila the Stockbroker . The Medway Poets performance group included punk musician Billy Childish and had an influence on Tracey Emin . Jim Carroll's autobiographical works are among

2054-586: The New York Dolls , the Stooges , and the Ramones . Punk political ideologies are mostly concerned with individual freedom and anti-establishment views. Common punk viewpoints include individual liberty , anti-authoritarianism , a DIY ethic , non-conformity, anti- corporatism , anti-government, direct action , and not " selling out ". Some groups and individuals that try to self-identify as being

2133-527: The Pyramid Club , Danceteria , The Palladium , Paradise Garage and Andy Warhol 's Underground. His backup singers, named The Bodacious TaTa's, were often mistaken for drag queens but always consisted of female singers and dancers, including Micki French, Wendy Wild , April Palmieri , and Myra Schiller. His costumes were designed by Katy K. , who occasionally sat in with the TaTa's. In 1984, John made

2212-572: The Ramones , " New York / N.Y. " (1983) by Nina Hagen , and "Off the Shelf"(1983) by Elliott Murphy . Frank Zappa included a song named after the club on his 1981 album You Are What You Is . In 2022, Judas Priest issued the CD Live at the Mudd Club ’79 as part of their box set, 50 Heavy Metal Years Of Music . Also mention on Schitt's Creek season 4, episode 4 where Moira mentioned to Alexis and Twayla that they reminded her of when she would go to

2291-600: The gutter punk lifestyle in the 1990s. Loren Cass is another example of the punk subculture represented in film. The Japanese cyberpunk movement has roots in the J-rock subculture that arose in the 1970s. The filmmaker Sogo Ishii introduced this subculture to Japanese cinema with his punk films Panic High School (1978) and Crazy Thunder Road (1980), which portrayed the rebellion and anarchy associated with punk, and went on to become highly influential in underground film circles. Crazy Thunder Road in particular

2370-659: The punk label appeared in New York City between 1974 and 1976. Around the same time or soon afterward, a punk scene developed in London. Los Angeles subsequently became home to the third major punk scene. These three cities formed the backbone of the burgeoning movement, but there were also other punk scenes in cities such as Brisbane , Melbourne , and Sydney in Australia, Toronto , Vancouver , and Montreal in Canada, and Boston , Detroit , Cleveland , and San Francisco in

2449-514: The "'90s, zines were the primary way to stay up on punk and hardcore." They were the "blogs, comment sections, and social networks of their day." In the American Midwest, the zine Touch and Go described the regional hardcore scene from 1979 to 1983. We Got Power described the LA scene from 1981 to 1984, and included show reviews of and interviews with such bands as Vancouver's D.O.A. ,

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2528-501: The "Beyond Words" show at the Mudd Club – alongside artists such as Haring, Kenny Scharf, Futura 2000 and performers Iggy Pop , Fab Five Freddy and Alan Vega – and at the "New York / New Wave" exhibition at P.S. 1 , both in 1981. He soon met Klaus Nomi and Joey Arias in the downtown New York scene and gave up painting, finding he could better express himself in performance. Early in his career, McLaughlin adopted

2607-512: The 2016 American Music Awards, where the band Green Day chanted anti-racist and anti-fascist messages, and an incident at a show by the Dropkick Murphys , when bassist and singer Ken Casey tackled an individual for giving a Nazi-style salute and later stated that Nazis are not welcome at a Dropkick Murphys show. Band member Tim Brennan later reaffirmed this sentiment. The song " Nazi Punks Fuck Off " by hardcore punk band Dead Kennedys

2686-505: The Contortions , Tuxedomoon and Jean-Michel Basquiat 's band Gray . In 1979, Talking Heads performed songs from their new album Fear of Music . Tim Page produced several concerts at the Mudd Club in 1981, in an attempt to meld contemporary art music with rock music and pop music . On the dance floor, DJs David Azarch, Anita Sarko and Johnny Dynell played a unique mixture of punk rock , funk music and curiosities. From

2765-526: The Mudd Club on the Lower East Side. Punk subculture The punk subculture includes a diverse and widely known array of music , ideologies , fashion , and other forms of expression, visual art , dance, literature , and film. Largely characterised by anti-establishment views, the promotion of individual freedom, and the DIY ethics , the culture originated from punk rock . The punk ethos

2844-670: The NYC building to commemorate the club's existence. On October 28–29, 2010, a 30-year reunion of Mudd Club artists and regulars was held at the Delancey nightclub in Manhattan. Many bands and performers from the Mudd Club and Club 57 performed, including Bush Tetras , Three Teens Kill Four, Comateens and Walter Steading. The Mudd Club reunion was also attended by two of the three original doormen, Joey Kelly (Buddy Love, Magic Tramps, Dive Bar Romeos) and Richard Boch (author and painter) but not

2923-617: The Sex Pistols in The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle , and Social Distortion in Another State of Mind . Derek Jarman and Don Letts are notable punk filmmakers. Penelope Spheeris ' first instalment of the documentary trilogy " The Decline of Western Civilization " (1981) focuses on the early Los Angeles punk scene through interviews and early concert footage from bands including Black Flag , Circle Jerks , Germs , and Fear . The Decline of Western Civilization III " explores

3002-416: The United States. The punk subculture advocates a do-it-yourself (DIY) ethic. During the subculture's infancy members were almost all from a lower economic class, and had become tired of the affluence that was associated with popular rock music at the time. Punks would publish their own music or sign with small independent labels, in hopes to combat what they saw as a money-hungry music industry. The DIY ethic

3081-527: The actor/voiceperson Colter Rule, the first doorman (Halloween, '78- June,'79 with Joey Kelly as "security), who was quoted as stating, "I dislike organized partying these days". A memoir by Boch, The Mudd Club , based on his nearly two years working the Mudd Club door, was published by Feral House in September 2017. The club has been mentioned in various songs such as " Life During Wartime " (1979) by Talking Heads , "The Return of Jackie and Judy" (1980) by

3160-562: The band L7 , pulled out her tampon and threw it into the audience. Riot grrrl is an underground feminist hardcore punk movement that originated in the early 1990s in Washington, D.C., and the Pacific Northwest , especially Olympia, Washington . It is often associated with third-wave feminism , which is sometimes seen as its starting point. It has also been described as a musical genre that came out of indie rock, with

3239-462: The beginning of the 2000s, militant straight edge punks had largely left the broader straight edge culture and movement. Punks come from all culture and economic classes. Compared to some subcultures, punk ideology is much closer to gender equality . Although the punk subculture is mostly anti-racist , it is overwhelmingly white. However, members of other groups (such as African Americans, other black people , Latinos, and Asians) have contributed to

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3318-399: The development of the subculture. Substance abuse has sometimes been a part of the punk scene, with the notable exception of the straight edge movement. Violence has also sometimes appeared in the punk subculture, but has been opposed by some subsets of the subculture, such as the pacifist strain anarcho-punk . Punks often form a local scene, which can have as few as half a dozen members in

3397-458: The excesses of punk subculture. For some, this extends to refraining from engaging in promiscuous sex, following a vegetarian or vegan diet, and not drinking coffee or taking prescribed medicine. The term straight edge was adopted from the 1981 song " Straight Edge " by the hardcore punk band Minor Threat . Straight edge emerged amid the early-1980s hardcore punk scene. Since then, a wide variety of beliefs and ideas have been associated with

3476-1084: The extreme subgenres of heavy metal (mainly thrash metal , death metal , speed metal , and the NWOBHM ). The punk subculture is centered on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock, usually played by bands consisting of a vocalist, one or two electric guitarists, an electric bassist, and a drummer. In some bands, the musicians contribute backup vocals, which typically consist of shouted slogans, choruses, or football-style chants . While most punk rock uses distorted guitars and noisy drumming sounds derived from 1960s garage rock and 1970s pub rock , some punk bands incorporate elements from other subgenres, such as surf rock , rockabilly , or reggae . Most punk rock songs are short, have simple and somewhat basic arrangements using relatively few chords, and typically have lyrics that express punk ideologies and values, although some punk lyrics are about lighter topics such as partying or romantic relationships . Different punk subcultures often distinguish themselves by having

3555-537: The first known examples of punk literature. The punk subculture has inspired the cyberpunk and steampunk literature genres, and has even contributed (through Iggy Pop) to classical scholarship. Many punk-themed films have been made. The No Wave Cinema and Remodernist film movements owe much to punk aesthetics. Several famous punk bands have participated in movies, such as the Ramones in Rock 'n' Roll High School ,

3634-466: The form of perzines . Important punk zines include Maximum RocknRoll , Punk Planet , No Cure , Cometbus , Flipside , and Search & Destroy . Several novels, biographies, autobiographies, and comic books have been written about punk. Love and Rockets is a comic with a plot involving the Los Angeles punk scene. Just as zines played an important role in spreading information in

3713-592: The future venue as essentially an art bar cabaret , like Mickey Ruskin's One University Place, itself based on Ruskin's Max's Kansas City . Mudd Club featured a bar, unisex bathrooms , and an art gallery curated by Keith Haring on the fourth floor. Live performances there included new wave , experimental music , performance art , literary icons Allen Ginsberg and William Burroughs , and catwalk exhibitions for emerging fashion designers Anna Sui and Jasper Conran . Performers included New York no wave bands such as DNA , Rhys Chatham , Nona Hendryx 's Zero Cool,

3792-420: The hardcore scene typically wore clothing categorised as masculine. Punk aesthetics determine the type of art punks enjoy, which typically has underground , minimalist , iconoclastic , and satirical sensibilities. Punk has generated a considerable amount of poetry and prose , and has its own underground press in the form of zines . Many punk-themed films have been made. The punk subculture emerged in

3871-567: The larger punk scene. Queercore is an offshoot of the hardcore punk scene and draws its name from a combination of the words " queer " and "hardcore." As in the larger punk scene, DIY is an integral component of the queercore subculture. Many zines that came out of the riot grrrl movement explored issues of queer identity, contributing to the queercore subculture. The queercore and riot grrrl subcultures are often considered to be connected. These two punk scenes are intertwined, with many bands being both queercore and riot grrrl. Punk aesthetics determine

3950-454: The mid-1970s; in New York in 1974 and in the United Kingdom in 1976. Some suggest the name " punk " was borrowed from prison slang. Early punk had an abundance of antecedents and influences, and Jon Savage describes the subculture as a " bricolage " of almost every previous youth culture in the Western world since World War II, "stuck together with safety pins". In the late 1970s,

4029-492: The movement, including vegetarianism and animal rights. Ross Haenfler writes that as of the late 1990s, approximately three out of four straight edge participants were vegetarian or vegan. While the commonly expressed aspects of the straight edge subculture have been abstinence from alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs, there have been considerable variations on how far to take the interpretations of "abstaining from intoxicants" or "living drug-free". Disagreements often arise as to

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4108-531: The notion of equal recognition, such as guitarist Viv Albertine , who stated that "the A&;R men, the bouncers, the sound mixers, no one took us seriously. So, no, we got no respect anywhere we went. People just didn't want us around." The anti-establishment stance of punk opened the space for women who were treated like outsiders in a male-dominated industry. Sonic Youth 's Kim Gordon states, "I think women are natural anarchists, because you're always operating in

4187-470: The popular image of young punk women musicians as focused on the fashion aspects of the scene (fishnet stockings, spiky blond hair, etc.) was stereotypical. She states that many, if not most women punks were more interested in the ideology and socio-political implications, rather than the fashion. Music historian Caroline Coon contends that before punk, women in rock music were virtually invisible; in contrast, in punk, she argues "[i]t would be possible to write

4266-465: The primary reasons for living straight edge. Straight edge politics are primarily left-wing and revolutionary but there have been conservative offshoots. In 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that straight edge had gone through three eras since its founding in the early 1980s. Bent edge began as a counter-movement to straight edge by members of the Washington, D.C. hardcore scene who were frustrated by

4345-409: The punk and hardcore subcultures, members of the scene are often evaluated in terms of the authenticity of their commitment to the values or philosophies of the scene, which may range from political beliefs to lifestyle practices. In the punk subculture, the epithet poseur (or "poser") is used to describe "a person who habitually pretends to be something [they are] not." The term is used to refer to

4424-556: The punk era (e.g. British fanzines like Mark Perry's Sniffin Glue and Shane MacGowan's Bondage ), zines also played an important role in the hardcore scene. In the pre-Internet era, zines enabled readers to learn about bands, shows, clubs, and record labels. Zines typically included reviews of shows and records, interviews with bands, letters to the editor, and advertisements for records and labels. Zines were DIY products, "proudly amateur, usually handmade, and always independent", and during

4503-420: The punk scene in mid- and late 1970s encouraged women to participate. "That was the beauty of the punk thing," Chrissie Hynde later said. "[Sexual] discrimination didn't exist in that scene." This participation played a role in the historical development of punk music, especially in the US and UK at that time, and continues to influence and enable future generations. Rock historian Helen Reddington states that

4582-399: The punk scene serving as an inspiration for a musical movement in which women could express themselves in the same way men had been doing for the past several years. Queercore is punk movement that focuses on LGBT issues. Queercore is an anti-establishment subculture based around a rejection of heteronormativity . This rejection extends beyond mainstream society and resists homophobia in

4661-474: The revival of stencil art, spearheaded by Crass . The Situationists also influenced the look of punk art, particularly that of the Sex Pistols created by Jamie Reid . Punk art often uses collage , exemplified by the art of Jamie Reid, Crass, The Clash, Dead Kennedys , and Winston Smith . John Holmstrom was a punk cartoonist who created work for the Ramones and Punk . Two dance styles associated with punk are pogo dancing and moshing . The pogo

4740-479: The rigidity and intolerance in the scene. During the youth crew era, which started in the mid-1980s, the influence of music on the straight edge scene was at an all-time high. By the early 1990s, militant straight edge was a well-known part of the wider punk scene. In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America. By

4819-453: The spring of 1983. A regular noted, "At the end, it was not much fun anymore. I mean, it had just become—kind of like the hangers-on to the hangers-on at the Mudd Club". Mass opened another Mudd Club in Berlin in 2001 (located at Grosse Hamburger Strasse 17); this Berlin club was considered an intimate venue for touring bands. In 2007, the arts organization Creative Time placed a plaque on

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4898-541: The stage name John Sex , was an American cabaret singer and performance artist in New York City from the late 1970s until his death in late 1990. Sex was born on Long Island as John McLoughlin. He attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City, where he knew Keith Haring , Kenny Scharf , and Jean-Michel Basquiat . He often used the print studio there to create punk -style posters for downtown bands and later for himself. He exhibited some of his word-based art at

4977-479: The stage name John Sex. He claimed the surname Sex was an Americanization of his family's original name Sexton, but in fact it was created for him by Arias and Nomi "during a period of rampant promiscuity". After early work as a gay stripper, Sex became an alternative performance artist, creating a character based on an exaggerated, cheesy Las Vegas lounge singer and master of ceremonies . First, along with other SVA graduates and students and Club 57 "Sex developed

5056-718: The standard hardcore punk clothing and styles included torn jeans, leather jackets, spiked armbands and dog collars, mohawk hairstyles, and DIY ornamentation of clothes with studs, painted band names, political statements, and patches. Yet another punk scholar describes the look that was common in the San Francisco hardcore scene as consisting of biker-style leather jackets, chains, studded wristbands, pierced noses and multiple piercings, painted or tattooed statements (e.g. an anarchy symbol), and hairstyles ranging from military-style haircuts dyed black or blonde to mohawks and shaved heads. The Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2013 hosted

5135-530: The start it functioned as a post-punk "amazing antidote to the uptown glitz of Studio 54 in the '70s". Six months after it opened, the Mudd Club was mentioned in People : "New York's fly-by-night crowd of punks, posers and the ultra-hip has discovered new turf on which to flaunt its manic chic. It is the Mudd Club ... . For sheer kinkiness, there has been nothing like it since the cabaret scene in 1920s Berlin ". As it became more frequented by downtown celebrities,

5214-442: The subculture began to diversify, which led to the proliferation of factions such as new wave , post-punk , 2 Tone , hardcore punk , no wave , street punk , and Oi! . Hardcore punk, street punk, and Oi! sought to do away with the frivolities introduced in the later years of the original punk movement. The punk subculture influenced other underground music scenes such as alternative rock , indie music , crossover thrash , and

5293-416: The type of art punks enjoy, usually with underground , minimalistic , iconoclastic , and satirical sensibilities. Punk artwork graces album covers , flyers for concerts, and punk zines . Usually straightforward with clear messages, punk art is often concerned with political issues such as social injustice and economic disparity. The use of images of suffering to shock and create feelings of empathy in

5372-403: The viewer is common. Alternatively, punk artwork may contain images of selfishness, stupidity, or apathy to provoke contempt in the viewer. Much of the earlier artwork was black and white, because it was distributed in zines and reproduced by photocopying at work, school, or at copy shops. Punk art also uses the mass production aesthetic of Andy Warhol 's Factory studio. Punk played a hand in

5451-481: The way in which individuals in a nation dress, and the ideals of a traditionalist nation. This is most common in the post-1980s US hardcore punk scene, where members of the subculture often dressed in plain T-shirts and jeans, rather than the more elaborate outfits and spiked, dyed hair of their British counterparts. Many groups adopt a look based on street clothes and working-class outfits. Hardcore punk fans adopted

5530-520: The whole history of punk music without mentioning any male bands at all – and I think a lot of [people] would find that very surprising." Johnny Rotten wrote that 'During the Pistols era, women were out there playing with the men, taking us on in equal terms ... It wasn't combative, but compatible.' Women were involved in bands such as The Runaways , The Slits , The Raincoats , Mo-dettes , Dolly Mixture , and The Innocents . Others take issue with

5609-1022: The younger and hipper part of the downtown art scene. As a result, the Mudd Club was frequented by many of Manhattan's up-and-coming cultural celebrities. People associated with frequenting the venue included musicians Lou Reed , Johnny Thunders , David Byrne , Debbie Harry , Arto Lindsay , John Lurie , Nico , Lydia Lunch , X , the Cramps , the B-52's , the Bongos and Judas Priest artist Jean-Michel Basquiat and his then-girlfriend Madonna ; Colab members; performers Klaus Nomi and John Sex ; designers Betsey Johnson , Maripol and Marisol Deluna ; underground filmmakers Amos Poe , Eric Mitchell , Charlie Ahearn , Vincent Gallo , Jamie Nares , Jim Jarmusch , Vivienne Dick , Scott B and Beth B , Kathy Acker , and Glenn O'Brien ; supermodel Gia Carangi ; and makeup artist Sandy Linter. The Mudd Club closed in

5688-565: Was Vivienne Westwood , who made clothes for Malcolm McLaren 's boutique in the King's Road , which became famous as " SEX ". Many punks wear tight "drainpipe" jeans, plaid/tartan trousers, kilts or skirts, T-shirts, leather jackets (often decorated with painted band logos, pins and buttons, and metal studs, chains or spikes), and footwear such as high-cut Chuck Taylors , trainers , skate shoes , brothel creepers , Dr. Martens boots, and army boots . Early punks occasionally wore clothes displaying

5767-419: Was adopted by punks because public perceptions of sniffing fitted in with their self-image. Originally used experimentally and as a cheap high, adult disgust and hostility encouraged punks to use glue sniffing as a way of shocking society." Model aeroplane glue and contact cement were among the numerous solvents and inhalants used by punks to achieve euphoria and intoxication. Glue was typically inhaled by placing

5846-400: Was an influential biker film , with a punk biker gang aesthetic that paved the way for Katsuhiro Otomo 's manga and anime franchise Akira (1982 debut). Ishii's next film was the frenetic Shuffle (1981), an unofficial short film adaptation of a manga comic strip by Otomo. The documentary film Afro-Punk covers the black experience in the punk DIY scene. " [Glue] sniffing

5925-542: Was basically based on English fashion. But we had nothing to do with that. Black Flag and the Circle Jerks were so far from that. We looked like the kid who worked at the gas station or submarine shop." Henry Rollins echoes Morris' point, stating that for him getting dressed up meant putting on a black shirt and some dark pants; Rollins viewed an interest in fashion as being a distraction. Jimmy Gestapo from Murphy's Law describes his own transition from dressing in

6004-436: Was best expressed through masculinity, defining masculine as the "default", where gender did not exist or had no meaning. However, the main reasoning behind this argument equates femininity with popular conceptions of beauty. Everything that was normally supposed to be hidden was brought to the front, both literally and figuratively. This could mean anything from wearing bras and underwear on top of clothing to wearing nothing but

6083-443: Was held together by safety pins or wrapped with tape; ordinary clothing was customised by embellishing it with marker or adorning it with paint; a black bin liner became a dress, shirt or skirt; safety pins and razor blades were used as jewellery. Also popular have been leather, rubber, and PVC clothing that is often associated with transgressive sexuality , like BDSM and S&M . A designer associated with early UK punk fashion

6162-461: Was his long, blond hair which stood straight up, and which he claimed was kept erect by a combination of Dippity-do, Aqua Net , egg whites, beer, and semen. He also dressed in flamboyant costumes. He owned a python named Delilah that was often included in his cabaret act. Sometimes, he would leave the python on stage and come down into the audience and wrestle with patrons of the club. On October 24, 1990, Sex died from AIDS -related complications at

6241-505: Was in danger of becoming a "meaningless fad" because people had stopped caring about what they saw as the core values of punk ("Change and caring are what's real"). In particular, metal bands, which were seen as an offshoot, they saw as not only as a sell-out, but as morally repugnant to the core values of punk saying labels were making money by signing "the most racist queerbashing bands they can find." John Sex John McLoughlin (April 8, 1956 – October 24, 1990), better known by

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