Misplaced Pages

#272727

55-483: The land in Munkkiniemi was from the 17th century a part of Munksnäs manor. In the 1910s grandiose plans were made to expand all of western Helsinki with tens of thousands of new inhabitants, the so-called Munkkiniemi–Haaga Plan by Eliel Saarinen . The construction of the new areas started slowly and it wasn't until the 1930s that a more extensive construction phase began in Munkkiniemi. From 1920 to 1946 Munkkiniemi

110-629: A businessman in Turku, Finland , where he came in contact with Johan Albrecht Ehrenström , who led the project of rebuilding Helsinki. The city had just been promoted to be the new capital of the new Grand Duchy of Finland . Ehrenström was searching for a talented architect to work by his side and this meeting proved to be decisive for Carl Ludvig Engel's future career. At this stage Engel did not however stay in Finland. In March 1815 he travelled to St. Petersburg where he got private employment. In 1816 Engel

165-500: A dry summer and unsuccessful attempts to find more water sources a building ban was issued in Munkkiniemi in October 1938. Tenants refused to pay rents and a witch-hunt against the company and the municipality was pursued. Water consumption had reached 250 litres per person per day in the autumn and the company blamed the inhabitants for wasting water and even sabotage. In November the owners of M.G. Stenius gave up and sold their stocks to

220-499: A kind of head architect of the Grand Duchy was established when he received more and more building assignments, both private and public, in other parts of Finland. The final confirmation came when he in 1824 was appointed head of the statewide Intendant's Office, responsible for all key state buildings throughout the country, a position he was offered - but first declined because he still had hopes of returning to Prussia - following

275-399: A parish of its own in 1914, because a parish was a prerequisite to founding a municipality. Huopalahti parish was founded in 1917 and was made up of Lauttasaari, Munkkiniemi, Pikku Huopalahti and Haaga. According to the new Municipality Law of 1917 a referendum had to be held if one part of a municipality wanted to separate. Of the inhabitants of Helsinge 59% voted yes to separate Huopalahti in

330-460: A referendum held in January 1919. In the area of the becoming municipality only 53 persons (8%) voted no. This referendum was the only of its kind in Finland since the law was changed in 1919. Huopalahti municipality was founded in 1920, but Haaga separated in 1923 and became a market town. At this time Munkkiniemi had 401 inhabitants and the entire municipality 1 371 inhabitants. By the end of

385-787: A sculptor in Helsinki , and the younger sister of Herman Gesellius . They had a daughter Eva-Lisa (Pipsan) on March 31, 1905, and a son Eero on August 20, 1910. Eliel Saarinen moved to the United States in 1923 after his competition entry for the Tribune Tower in Chicago, Illinois, won second place. While it was not built, the streamlined design inspired the architecture of many other skyscrapers. Saarinen first settled in Evanston, Illinois , where he worked on his scheme for

440-464: A small square. Three large parks were planned, one in the south, one in the north and one in the west of the planned area. High-rise blocks were supposed to be built as closed, but the inner yards had to be spacious: no extra buildings were allowed on the inner yards. Saarinen also introduced one of the first rowhouses to Finland. Only two buildings planned by Saarinen were ever built in Munkkiniemi:

495-517: Is mostly operated by older rolling stock or the new Artic units. This is because the difficult portion of track from Töölön tulli to Munkkiniemi is not suited for Variobahn trams due to its steep turns and climbs that were built before the current generation of trams were ordered. Line 4 has service from four stops in Munkkiniemi: Many of the bus lines go through Munkkiniemen puistotie . The buses stopping at Laajalahden aukio during

550-601: The Munkkiniemi Pension (later the Cadet School) and a rowhouse on Hollantilaisentie street, both built in 1920. The M.G. Stenius company started to develop the community by arranging transportation, otherwise nobody would move to the area. In 1912 the shareholders’ meeting of the Helsinki Tramway and Omnibus Company rejected M.G. Stenius’ proposal of building a tramway to Munkkiniemi. The debate

605-640: The Philadelphia City Planning Commission from 1949 to 1970. Eliel received the AIA Gold Medal in 1947. Carl Ludvig Engel Carl Ludvig Engel or Johann Carl Ludwig Engel (3 July 1778 – 14 May 1840) was a German architect whose most noted work can be found in Helsinki , which he helped rebuild. His works include most of the buildings around the capital's monumental centre, the Senate Square and

SECTION 10

#1732779640273

660-837: The Wilcox Silver Plate Co. / International Silver Company in Meriden, Connecticut . His iconic tea urn (c. 1934) was first exhibited in 1934–35 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Over the years, the tea urn has been widely exhibited, including in St. Louis Modern (2015–16) at the St Louis Art Museum, Cranbrook Goes to the Movies: Films and Their Objects, 1925–1975 at

715-472: The 1920s the first construction boom began in Munkkiniemi. The first rental building was built in 1926 as well as restaurant Golf Casino that burned down in 1941. The M.G. Stenius company sold 31 properties in 1928, a number that would later only be exceeded in 1937. During the 1920s many condemned wooden houses from Helsinki were moved to Munkkiniemi, something that didn't exactly correspond to Eliel Saarinen's original plans. The company took care of most issues in

770-466: The 1930s and the water supply was thought to be enough for new inhabitants. In 1937 1 500 new rooms had been built and the speed of construction was considerable. During two fires in May that much water had been used that the reserve supplies emptied. When the pumps were reconnected the nervous inhabitants filled buckets and tubs with water which led to that the water supplies emptied again. The consumption

825-542: The Berlin Institute of Architecture after which he served in the Prussian building administration. The stagnation caused by Napoleon's victory over Prussia in 1806 forced him and other architects to find work abroad. In 1808, he applied for the position as town architect of Tallinn, Estonia . He got the job and in this way came into the vicinity of St. Petersburg and its neoclassical Empire style . Finland

880-510: The City of Helsinki that gained large areas of land in Munkkiniemi, Haaga, Leppävaara and Laajalahti . Already two weeks after the purchase of M.G. Stenius the city began building a water pipe to Munkkiniemi and in January 1939 the people of Munkkniemi were drinking Helsinki water. Demographic development for Munkkiniemi urban district: The City of Helsinki had during a long time been interested in incorporating many small municipalities close to

935-841: The Cranbrook Art Museum (2014–15)., and in 2005–07, in the touring exhibition Modernism in American Silver: 20th-Century Design , organized by the Dallas Museum of Art, which also traveled to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. In 1951–52, the tea urn was featured in the Eliel Saarinen Memorial Exhibition which traveled to multiple venues across the United States. In addition to Cranbrook,

990-746: The Dallas Museum and the St Louis Museum, The British Museum in London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art also hold tea urn-related Eliel Saarinen designs. Eliel Saarinen became a professor in the University of Michigan 's Architecture Department. His son, Eero (1910–1961), became one of the most important American architects of the mid-20th century, as one of the leaders of the International style . Saarinen's student Edmund N. Bacon achieved national prominence as Executive Director of

1045-546: The German von Schütz to the Swedish Skytte when he was raised to Swedish nobility. What Skytte achieved on Munksnäs Manor (Munkkiniemi Manor) is unclear. The town of Helsinki wanted to incorporate Munksnäs in 1650, but the widow of Skytte, Kristina Freijtag, refused and Helsinki only got Pikku Huopalahti , Tali, Lauttasaari and Hindersnäs. Hindersnäs was reunited with the lands of Munksnäs in 1686, until Helsinki bought

1100-467: The Ramsays. In the end the family sold all the land bit by bit. At the time of the purchase the city of Helsinki was criticized for not having bought the area. The city claimed that it was unaware of the selling, but the city council's chairman Alfred Norrmén knew about the plans but thought the price was too high. The M.G. Stenius company did quickly begin to plan the newly bought area and the planning task

1155-481: The application was rejected. In 1926 Huopalahti applied to be separated into two parts, Munkkiniemi and Lauttasaari, but neither this application was accepted. In 1936 the state's investigator Yrjö Harvia came with his seven-year-long and a thousand pages long report and suggested the area of Helsinki to be expanded from 2 925 to 21 116 hectares, which included most suburbs. Huoplahti was strongly against being incorporated with Helsinki, but because of World War II

SECTION 20

#1732779640273

1210-518: The architect Carl Ludvig Engel to rebuild the manor house to look like Haga Palace in Stockholm. The house had two wings and a balustrade on the roof added. The reconstruction work was finished in 1839. In the 1830s an English park was planted around the manor house and the farm buildings were removed away from the sea side. The bridge over to Meilahti was built in the 1840s. Despite the high demand for summer house properties outside Helsinki in

1265-437: The area in the beginning of the 15th century but was allowed to keep a share of its yield. After Gustavus Vasa ’s reformation all the lands of the church were ceded to the crown. On 27 March 1629, Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus gave large areas of land west of Helsinki (Munkkiniemi, Tali , Lauttasaari and Hindersnäs ( Meilahti )) to rittmeister Gert Skytte . Skytte was of Baltic noble descent and changed his name from

1320-539: The building and founded a cadet school there. Neither one of the first rowhouses in Finland were very successful. The neighbours couldn't agree on the shared costs and the shared heating system. No more rowhouses were built and the rowhouse properties were changed to properties for small rental houses. The rest of the construction of the area was also slow. There was a shortage of money in the 1920s and hard to get mortgages. Many properties were bought but mostly for speculative purposes. Haaga urban district had applied to found

1375-680: The buildings surrounding it. The buildings are Helsinki Cathedral , The Senate (now the Palace of the Council of State ), the Helsinki City Hall , and the library and the main building of Helsinki University . Carl Ludvig Engel was born in 1778 in Charlottenburg, Berlin , into a family of bricklayers. It was probably as a bricklayer apprentice that he first came in contact with his future profession as an architect. He trained at

1430-405: The city. This is reflected in the high prices of housing. Despite its name, Munkkiniemi/Munksnäs (Monk Cape), there has never been a monastery there. Munkkiniemi is one of many monk-related place names on the south coast of Finland, like Munkkisaari , Munkkala and Munkinmäki . Munksnäs was first mentioned in 1540 in the form Munxneby and has later been spelled Muncknäs and Muncksnääs . In

1485-469: The city. In 1918, Helsinge municipality ( Vantaa ) proposed that Helsinki would take over the suburbs in Helsinge, because the farmers in Helsinge were unwilling to fund the rising costs of the suburban areas. During the 1920s many proposals were made to incorporate areas with Helsinki but they didn't lead to any decisions. Huopalahti wanted to get rid of Fredriksberg ( Pasila ) that was owned by Helsinki but

1540-547: The day are operated by Pohjolan Liikenne . The bus lines stopping at Laajalahden aukio (1401/1402) are: The bus lines stopping at Munkkivuori (1396/1397) are: Of the 150 stations in the 2017 citybike system , 11 will be located in Munkkiniemi. These are: 60°11′54″N 24°52′34″E  /  60.19833°N 24.87611°E  / 60.19833; 24.87611 Eliel Saarinen Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen ( / ˈ s ɑːr ɪ n ə n / , Finnish: [ˈelie̯l ˈsɑːrinen] ; August 20, 1873 – July 1, 1950)

1595-479: The decision was postponed, which was seen as a victory by some opponents. In 1944, two weeks after the ceasefire agreement with the Soviet Union, the government decided that Huopalahti, Haaga, Oulunkylä and Kulosaari municipalities, as well as large areas of Helsinge would be incorporated with Helsinki starting from January 1946. HSL offers a wide variety of bus and tram services to Munkkiniemi. In addition,

1650-681: The development of the Chicago lake front. In 1924 he became a visiting professor at the University of Michigan . In 1925 George Gough Booth asked him to design the campus of Cranbrook Educational Community , intended to be an American equivalent to the Bauhaus . Saarinen taught there and became president of the Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1932. Among his student-collaborators were Ray Eames (then Ray Kaiser) and Charles Eames ; Saarinen influenced their subsequent furniture design. During 1929–34, Saarinen contributed product designs for

1705-522: The districts 1 and 2 and was made by Eliel Saarinen in 1917. The first building project was Munksnäs Pension in 1918 that was supposed to lure well off people to the area, who would then like it and by a property. The economical situation after World War I and the Finnish Civil War was not suitable for a luxury facility like the Pension and it went bankrupt after a few years. The state bought

Munkkiniemi - Misplaced Pages Continue

1760-561: The end of the 19th century, the Ramsays didn't sell land. The only exception was Kuusisaari Island that was sold in 1873. George Ramsays only son Edvard Ramsay was sickly and couldn't take care of the manor. He therefore sold the manor's land, 517 hectares, to the company M.G. Stenius for 1 500 000 marks in 1910. The family kept the manor house and the 9.5-hectare-park and called the property Villa Munksnäs. The homesteads Skyttas and Rosas in Konala , covering 100 hectares, were also kept by

1815-437: The extensive city-planning project of Munksnäs-Haga and later published a book on the subject. In January 1911 he became a consultant in city planning for Tallinn , Governorate of Estonia and was invited to Budapest to advise in city development. In 1912, a brochure written by Saarinen about the planning problems of Budapest was published. He was runner up behind Walter Burley Griffin in an international competition to design

1870-812: The firm, the Finnish pavilion at the Paris 1900 World Fair , exhibited an extraordinary convergence of stylistic influences: Finnish wooden architecture, the British Gothic Revival , and the Jugendstil . Saarinen's early manner was later christened the Finnish National Romanticism and culminated in the Helsinki Central railway station (designed 1904, constructed 1910–14). From 1910 to 1915 he worked on

1925-475: The first mentioning of the manor house that stood on the same place as today's manor house. It consisted of six rooms of which two were called halls. The manor also had a brick factory, a sawmill and a flourmill. The brick factory was located at Tiilinmäki (Brick Hill) and the flourmill in the rapids of Mätäjoki in Pitäjänmäki . In 1815 the middle part of the manor house got its present look. During this time

1980-589: The land in 1871. Charles XI of Sweden initiated the " Great Reduction " of 1680 in which much of the nobility's lands were transferred to the crown. Munksnäs was ceded to the crown in 1683 and the king kept the ownership until the mid 18th century. Munksnäs manor became a manor whose owner rented the land from the king. In 1712-1722 during the Greater Wrath , Munksnäs manor was uninhabited. The Mattheiszen family, of Dutch origin, took over Munksnäs Manor in 1744 and they bought it in 1759. From this time exists

2035-511: The manor had one hind and five to seven maids, but the bulk of the work was done by crofters . In 1837 the Ramsay family bought Munksnäs Manor. The glory days of the manor occurred during the Ramsays' time and many prominent visitors visited the manor and feasts were held. General Major Anders Edvard Ramsay was a high-ranked military officer in the Russian army and became noble in 1856. He hired

2090-467: The middle class was placed north of Huopalahti railway station. Workers were supposed to live next to the industries in Pitäjänmäki. The large middle part of the area consisted of rental housing regardless of social status. Saarinen predicted that car traffic would increase and the widest streets were planned as wide, straight boulevards, while housing streets were narrower, curvier and often ended at

2145-403: The municipality. After a few complaints and uncertainties about the building regulations Munkkiniemi was put into a building ban in October 1938 and it was extended many times until the end of World War II . One reason for the ban was the “water crisis” of 1938. In May 1938 a shortage of water occurred in Munkkiniemi. Water consumption had been about 90 litres per inhabitant per day during all of

2200-417: The neighborhood bus lines 33, 34, and 35 operate in the area. The tram line 4 (Munkkiniemi - Katajanokka) has frequent service in Munkkiniemi. The trams run at a frequency of five to eight minutes during peak hours, ten minutes during off-peak, and 15 minutes on Sundays and late nights. The first downtown-bound service leaves Saunalahdentie at 5:30 and the last service terminates there at 02:01. The service

2255-609: The new Australian capital city of Canberra in 1912, but the following year he received the first place award in an international competition for his plan of the city of Reval , now known as Tallinn. From 1917 to 1918 Saarinen worked on the city-plan for greater Helsinki . He also designed a series of postage stamps issued 1917 and the Finnish markka banknotes introduced in 1922. After the divorce from his first wife, Mathilde (who then married Herman Gesellius), on March 6, 1904, Saarinen married his second wife, Louise (Loja) Gesellius ,

Munkkiniemi - Misplaced Pages Continue

2310-468: The new law didn't allow closed blocks anywhere else than in towns. This led to many problems because properties had already been sold. The effects can be seen around Munkkiniemi Avenue, where the otherwise closed blocks are open towards the south. It was during this time 1936-1938 that Munkkiniemi expanded really fast. 5 000 new housing rooms were built, especially around the avenue and by Laajalahti Bay and 150 million marks in building loans were issued in

2365-402: The other municipal obligations. The company invested a lot in infrastructure. In 1897 a higher Swedish elementary school was founded in Munkkiniemi and a lower one was founded in 1923. In 1927 and 1932 a lower, respective higher, Finnish elementary school were founded since many Finnish speaking families moved to the area. In the 1930s building regulations in Munkkiniemi had to be remade, because

2420-517: The resignation of its first head, the Italian-born architect Carlo Bassi , and which he retained until his death. Among his other key works from this period is Helsinki Old Church in Kamppi , completed in 1826. He designed the first theater of Helsinki, Engels Teater , in 1827, though this was a rather modest building. He was also responsible for the new city plan for Turku after most of it

2475-433: The traffic wasn't very lively, but during the summer season summer house owners and Sunday strollers made the cars sometimes crowded. Munkkiniemi and Haaga tramways were sold to the city in 1926. Many suburban communities had been founded in Helsinge municipality outside Helsinki during the beginning of the 20th century, e.g. Oulunkylä and Pakila . For this type of community the term urban district (taajaväkinen yhdyskunta)

2530-439: The urban district and the administration was equal to the company. Many persons worked both for the company and the municipality; e.g. the accountant of M.G. Stenius was at the same time accountant for the municipality. During the first eight years the municipal council only gathered six times. The municipality took only care of health care, schools and poor relief, while the urban districts of Munkkiniemi and Lauttasaari took care of

2585-443: The year 1351 the king Magnus IV of Sweden let Padise monastery, close to Tallinn , take over the parishes of Porvoo , Sipoo and Helsinge (Vantaa) . The Danish monastery came through this arrangement also in possession of Munksnäs that was a village within Helsinge parish. Munksnäs was probably a trading place for the lucrative fishing, and the catches were shipped as far as Tallinn and Stockholm . The monastery lost its right to

2640-550: Was a Finnish and American architect known for his work with Art Nouveau buildings in the early years of the 20th century. He was also the father of famed architect Eero Saarinen . Saarinen was educated in Helsinki at the Helsinki University of Technology . From 1896 to 1905 he worked as a partner with Herman Gesellius and Armas Lindgren at the firm Gesellius, Lindgren, Saarinen . His first major work with

2695-619: Was also close by and was soon to experience a new governmental phase as a Grand Duchy under Russian rule . Engel started working in Tallinn in 1809, but just after a few years he was forced to move on again because of a lack of assignments. From this period in Estonia, a palace on Kohtu street 8 in Tallinn survives (today housing the Estonian Chancellor of Justice ) and, possibly, Kernu manor. From 1814 to 1815, he worked for

2750-627: Was given to Eliel Saarinen in 1912. Eliel Saarinen's grandiose plans were presented to the public in the autumn of 1915 in the form of a book and an exhibition with models and drawings. The plan covered 860 hectares in Munkkiniemi and Haaga that were supposed to be turned into a suburb from being countryside. According to Saarinen's prognoses Munkkiniemi could have 83 500 inhabitants by 1945 according to Alternative I or 25 000 according to Alternative III. Saarinen planned Munkkiniemi for 25% well off, 30% middle class and 45% workers. Detached houses and rowhouses were planned by Laajalahti Bay and

2805-483: Was lively since many of the board members were also sitting in M.G. Stenius’ board. In 1913 the Tramway and Omnibus Company was bought by the City of Helsinki and M.G. Stenius could easily reach an agreement with the city of building a tramway. In December 1914 the tramway was opened on the two branches built by ASEA , one to Munkkiniemi and one to Haaga. There were two rides an hour and with 217 inhabitants in Munkkiniemi

SECTION 50

#1732779640273

2860-490: Was made to arrange the administration. Unusually, the Senate of Finland took the initiative to found Munkkiniemi urban district, not the land owner or the municipality. Helsinge wanted instead to found Haaga-Munkkiniemi urban district, but the senate confirmed the founding of Munkkiniemi urban district in October 1915. The area was similar to that of Munksnäs manor, Kuusisaari excluded. The first town plan for Munkkiniemi covered

2915-416: Was part of Huopalahti municipality. Huopalahti including Munkkiniemi was incorporated with Helsinki in 1946. Munkkiniemi is one of the more affluent areas of Helsinki. Characterized by the relatively high proportion of Swedish speakers, around twelve percent, and a socioeconomic structure heavy on upper management and professionals, the district is appreciated as a particularly safe and well-serviced part of

2970-555: Was planning on returning to his city of birth, but at the same time Ehrenström got approval for his plan to get Engel to Helsinki. Engel's plans for Helsinki had been shown to Czar Alexander I and in February Engel was appointed architect of the reconstruction committee for Helsinki. Engel probably thought that this would once again be a temporary job, but instead Helsinki came to be his life's work. In 1819–1820, when Engel's first creations were nearing completion, his status as

3025-431: Was suddenly 150 litres per person per day and the supplies never had time to recover. M.G. Stenius applied to build a water pipe from Helsinki and buy the city's water. Helsinki already sold water to other nearby municipalities like Oulunkylä . The City of Helsinki was at the same time negotiating to buy the company and refused to give permission to build a water pipe, because this gave them a great bargaining position. After

#272727