40-643: Muret ( French pronunciation: [myʁɛ] ; in Gascon Occitan Murèth ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department , of which it is a subprefecture , in the Occitanie region of southwestern France . Its inhabitants are called Muretains . It is an outer suburb of the city of Toulouse , even though it is not in the region of Toulouse Métropole , which it has declined to join. It lies southwest of Toulouse and
80-600: A /r/ at the beginning of words, resolved by means of a prothetical vowel. Although some linguists deny the plausibility of the Basque substrate theory, it is widely assumed that Basque, the "Circumpyrenean" language (as put by Basque linguist Alfonso Irigoyen and defended by Koldo Mitxelena , 1982), is the underlying language spreading around the Pyrenees onto the banks of the Garonne River, maybe as far east as
120-491: A retirement home , a day hospital , laboratories for medical analyses, ambulance services, nurses , midwives , general practitioners , rehabilitation professionals, pedicurists - podiatrists and dentists . Education is provided at the commune of Muret's creche , passing through nursery school [ fr ] , elementary school [ fr ] and collège until the lycée high school and technical school [ fr ] all being complemented by
160-474: A sociolect of Gascon with special phonetic and lexical features, which linguistics named Judeo-Gascon . It has been superseded by a sociolect of French that retains most of the lexical features of this former variety. Béarnais , the official language when Béarn was an independent state, does not correspond to a unified language: the three forms of Gascon are spoken in Béarn (in the south, Pyrenean Gascon, in
200-461: A subprefecture , departmental fire and rescue service [ fr ] , a gendarmerie , a post office , tax office, a retirement home , a DDE [ fr ] centre assigned to the A64 autoroute and a tourist office . The commune has a hospital ( geriatrics , disabled ), a versatile clinic with ( MRI and medical radiology), a communal social action centre [ fr ] ,
240-673: A 198.5 kilometres (123.3 mi) route to Rodez . The town is part of the pastoral sector of Muret, which includes the parishes of Saint-Jacques, Saint-Jean, and the parishes of the villages: Estantens, Ox [ fr ] , Le Fauga , Eaunes and Saint-Hilaire . Father Joseph Coltro is the senior priest of this pastoral area. The cultural association of the Evangelical Church in Muret occupies premises located at 12 Chemin de la Pyramide , inaugurated in November 2012 after
280-536: A coalition force under the control of Count Raymond of Toulouse , and King Peter II of Aragon . Muret entered history. That day, the battle changed the horizons of both sides of the Pyrenean border and saw the fate of Occitania decided. In an era where feudal entities (including the Count of Toulouse and his allies) still believed that they were able to play a role in the control of the southern areas on both slopes of
320-599: A different language. Gascon is mostly spoken in Gascony and Béarn ( Béarnese dialect ) in southwestern France (in parts of the following French départements : Pyrénées-Atlantiques , Hautes-Pyrénées , Landes , Gers , Gironde , Lot-et-Garonne , Haute-Garonne , and Ariège ) and in the Val d'Aran of Catalonia. Aranese , a southern Gascon variety, is spoken in Catalonia alongside Catalan and Spanish . Most people in
360-564: A fitness trail, two landscaped lakes, international karting , an aerodrome , a canoeing facility, three bowling facilities, a skate park, two shooting ranges , a velodrome , a riding club and the Aqualudia , the Muretain swimming centre with its six indoor and outdoor pools. Muret has more than 50 sporting associations, including: Muret will also host the departure for Stage 13 of cycling's 2015 Tour de France on 17 July, with
400-564: A single language. Gascon, in particular, is distinct enough linguistically to have been described as a language in its own right. The language spoken in Gascony before Roman rule was part of the Basque dialectal continuum (see Aquitanian language ); the fact that the word 'Gascon' comes from the Latin root vasco / vasconem , which is the same root that gives us 'Basque', implies that the speakers identified themselves at some point as Basque. There
440-408: A year of work. The pastor is Bernard Gisquet. The Association of Franco-Muslim culture and worship of Muret (AFMCCM) acquired the premises of a former locksmith, Rue Marclan, in an industrial area north of Muret, in 2000, for the founding of the mosque of Muret. Collection and treatment of household waste and assimilated waste as well as protection and the development of the environment are part of
SECTION 10
#1732783923168480-435: Is a proven Basque substrate in the development of Gascon. This explains some of the major differences that exist between Gascon and other Occitan dialects. A typically Gascon feature that may arise from this substrate is the change from "f" to "h". Where a word originally began with [f] in Latin, such as festa 'party/feast', this sound was weakened to aspirated [h] and then, in some areas, lost altogether; according to
520-611: Is exercised by the Agglomération Community of Muretain, which develops and consolidates the local economic fabric, and helps the creation of enterprises for the benefit of employment. Muret has important reserves mainly located on the areas of activities of the territory. Muret Gateway: 20 hectares (49 acres) located north of the town, at the junction of the A64 exit. The list of historic monuments of Haute-Garonne [ fr ] , organised by commune . Muret has
560-625: Is the largest component of the intercommunality of Le Muretain Agglo . Muret is generally known for the Battle of Muret (1213) and as the birthplace of the Renaissance humanist Muretus (1526–1585) and of Clément Ader (1841–1925), inventor and aviation pioneer. It is also the birthplace of the Niel family [ fr ] from which Adolphe Niel , Marshal of France and Minister of War ,
600-675: The Commercial Court [ fr ] of Toulouse, the Administrative Court [ fr ] of Toulouse and the Administrative Court of Appeal [ fr ] of Bordeaux. Muret is twinned with: In 2017, the commune had 24,945 inhabitants. Muret is a true centrality in the area of life and activity of the Muretain, near Toulouse. Its stable economic fabric is composed primarily of small and medium-sized enterprises and industries, covering many sectors of activities. The economic development jurisdiction
640-552: The Pyrenees , the lords of the north of France, who spearheaded the Albigensian Crusade , attempted to impose themselves upon the south and eliminate Catharism . De Montfort had been fighting Albigensian heretics during the Albigensian Crusade , when he was besieged by the vastly superior coalition army. Refusing to surrender or be starved into submission, de Montfort went on the offensive. Leading his knights out of
680-438: The agglomeration community of the Muretain [ fr ] . There is a recycling centre in the commune. Gascon language Gascon ( English: / ˈ ɡ æ s k ə n / ; Gascon: [ɡasˈku(ŋ)] , French: [ɡaskɔ̃] ) is the vernacular Romance variety spoken mainly in the region of Gascony , France . It is often considered a variety of Occitan , although some authors consider it
720-505: The 11th century over the coastal fringe of Gipuzkoa extending from Hondarribia to San Sebastian , where Gascon was spoken up to the early 18th century and often used in formal documents until the 16th century, with evidence of its continued occurrence in Pasaia in the 1870s. A minor focus of influence was the Way of St James and the establishment of ethnic boroughs in several towns based on
760-809: The Crown of France and the end of Catharism. The commune is part of the Sixth district of the Haute-Garonne [ fr ] . The capable courts for the commune of Muret are the Court of Muret, the High Court [ fr ] of Toulouse, the Court of Appeal , the Cour d'appel de Toulouse [ fr ] , Toulouse juvenile court , the Industrial Tribunal of Toulouse,
800-615: The French influence over the Hispanic Mark on medieval times, shared similar and singular features are noticeable between Gascon and other Latin languages on the other side of the border: Aragonese and far-western Catalan (Catalan of La Franja ). Gascon is also (with Spanish, Navarro-Aragonese and French) one of the Romance influences on the Basque language . Vent d%27autan Too Many Requests If you report this error to
840-688: The Mediterranean in Roman times ( niska cited by Joan Coromines as the name of each nymph taking care of the Roman spa Arles de Tech in Roussillon , etc.). Basque gradually eroded across Gascony in the High Middle Ages (Basques from the Val d'Aran cited still circa 1000), with vulgar Latin and Basque interacting and mingling, but eventually with the former replacing the latter north of
SECTION 20
#1732783923168880-460: The center and in the east, Eastern Gascon; to the north-west, Western Gascon). A poll conducted in Béarn in 1982 indicated that 51% of the population could speak Gascon, 70% understood it, and 85% expressed a favourable opinion regarding the protection of the language. However, use of the language has declined dramatically over recent years as a result of the Francization taking place during
920-594: The commune. The Garonne flows north through the commune and forms part of its northern border. The Ousseau [ fr ] tributary of the Touch is also in the commune, and the Canal de Saint-Martory [ fr ] . Muret has an oceanic temperate climate , with Mediterranean and continental influences, characterised by a hot, dry summer, mild winter and a spring marked by heavy rains and severe thunderstorms. The prevailing winds are, in order of importance,
960-467: The concerned region. It is mainly in Béarn that the population uses concurrently the term "Béarnais" to designate its Gascon forms. This is because of the political past of Béarn, which was independent and then part of a sovereign state (the shrinking Kingdom of Navarre ) from 1347 to 1620. In fact, there is no unified Béarnais dialect, as the language differs considerably throughout the province. Many of
1000-435: The differences in pronunciation can be divided into east, west, and south (the mountainous regions). For example, an 'a' at the end of words is pronounced "ah" in the west, "o" in the east, and "œ" in the south. Because of Béarn's specific political past, Béarnais has been distinguished from Gascon since the 16th century, not for linguistic reasons. Probably as a consequence of the linguistic continuum of western Romania and
1040-552: The east and middle Pyrenees and developing into Gascon. However, modern Basque has had lexical influence from Gascon in words like beira ("glass"), which is also seen in Galician-Portuguese . One way for the introduction of Gascon influence into Basque came about through language contact in bordering areas of the Northern Basque Country , acting as adstrate. The other one has taken place since
1080-616: The first terrace of the Garonne [ fr ] on its left bank. Its right bank is overhung by a steep slope which deeply cut the molasse of the Tertiary era. It has an area of 5,784 hectares (14,290 acres) and an altitude ranging from 152 to 305 metres (499 to 1,001 ft). Muret is located on the Garonne river at its confluence with the Louge , which flows northeast through
1120-635: The last centuries, as Gascon is rarely transmitted to young generations any longer (outside of schools, such as the Calandretas ). By April 2011, the Endangered Languages Project estimated that there were only 250,000 native speakers of the language. The usual term for Gascon is "patois", a word designating in France a non-official and usually devaluated dialect (such as Gallo ) or language (such as Occitan ), regardless of
1160-642: The maximum normal temperatures in August with 23 °C (73 °F). Various discoveries by local archaeologists suggest that the territory of Muret was populated as early as the Neolithic period: A hut foundation dating from 4000 BC has been unearthed to the north of the town. Different objects in the Chalcolithic , around 3,000 to 2,500 BC; then the Bronze Age from 1,700 BC indicate the permanence of
1200-515: The municipal library and outdoor centre . The city is also home to a branch of the National School of civil aviation . Muret has multiple cultural facilities, including: Muret is home for the well-known Francophone literary award Prix du jeune écrivain de langue française, founded in 1984. Muret offers more than 100 sport and leisure events per year. Its facilities are many and varied: Gymnasiums , tennis courts, recreation area with
1240-462: The population here. A series of Gallo-Roman brick kilns dating back to the 1st century AD is located along the right bank of the Garonne. A villa occupied the site of the current town centre; surrounded by protective walls it was given the name of Murellum, which became Murel, and then Muret in the Middle Ages . On 12 September 1213 the Battle of Muret took place between Simon de Montfort and
Muret - Misplaced Pages Continue
1280-564: The privileges bestowed on the Francs by the Kingdom of Navarre from the 12th to the early 14th centuries, but the variant spoken and used in written records is mainly the Occitan of Toulouse. The énonciatif (Occitan: enunciatiu ) system of Gascon, a system that is more colloquial than characteristic of normative written Gascon and governs the use of certain preverbal particles (including
1320-433: The region are trilingual in all three languages, causing some influence from Spanish and Catalan. Both these influences tend to differentiate it more and more from the dialects of Gascon spoken in France. Most linguists now consider Aranese a distinct dialect of Occitan and Gascon. Since the 2006 adoption of the new statute of Catalonia , Aranese is co-official with Catalan and Spanish in all of Catalonia (before, this status
1360-468: The sometimes emphatic affirmative que , the occasionally mitigating or dubitative e , the exclamatory be , and the even more emphatic ja / ye , and the "polite" se ) has also been attributed to the Basque substrate. Gascon is divided into three varieties or dialect sub-groups: The Jews of Gascony, who resided in Bordeaux , Bayonne and other cities, spoke until the beginning of the 20th century
1400-469: The substrate theory, this is due to the Basque dialects' lack of an equivalent /f/ phoneme , causing Gascon hèsta [ˈhɛsto] or [ˈɛsto] . A similar change took place in Spanish . Thus, Latin facere gives Spanish hacer ( [aˈθer] ) (or, in some parts of southwestern Andalusia , [haˈsɛɾ] ). Another phonological effect resulting from the Basque substrate may have been Gascon's reluctance to pronounce
1440-690: The town, he proceeded to position them in a wide arc, then fell upon the Toulouse cavalry with a noise like a whole forest going down under the axe . Next to fall before the Crusader army was the Aragonian cavalry, where King Peter himself fell to the sword. After this, all that was left was to scatter the remaining cavalry defending the coalition camp before turning on the infantry that had been besieging Muret's walls. Despite their overwhelming advantage in numbers,the coalition army numbering almost 34,000 men
1480-754: The west wind (usually bringing moisture from the Atlantic Ocean ), the southeast wind (also called the Vent d'autan [ fr ] , a rather hot, dry wind) and the north, which is much less frequent and generally a cold and dry wind (bringing air from cold anticyclonic masses in Northern Europe ). Muret has averaged 24 days of extreme heat and 33 days of frost per year. The rainiest months are April, May and June. The normal minimum temperatures occur in January with average 5 °C (41 °F), and
1520-645: Was derived. A floral town (two flowers) located in the urban area of Toulouse [ fr ] and the Toulouse urban unit [ fr ] , 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Toulouse . It is equidistant from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic , on the Garonne Toulouse plain [ fr ] . Ox [ fr ] , Estantens, Cupidou. The commune is established on
1560-537: Was destroyed by de Montfort's army of only 2,100. The siege of Muret was lifted. 7,000-20,000 coalition troops were killed compared to a handful of casualties for de Monfort's army. So it was at Muret, on 12 September 1213, where King Peter II of Aragon who came to reinforce the local Occitan forces, lost his life. This defeat of the Occitano-Aragonese troops heralded the annexation of the Languedoc to
1600-593: Was valid for the Aran Valley only). It was also one of the mother tongues of the English kings Richard the Lionheart and his younger brother John Lackland . While many scholars accept that Occitan may constitute a single language, some authors reject this opinion and even the name Occitan : instead, they argue that the latter is a cover term for a family of distinct lengas d'òc rather than dialects of
#167832