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65-722: The speedway was a semi-banked asphalt oval track that spans 0.538 miles (0.866 km).The NASCAR Cup Series competed at the Speedway from 1958 through 1965. The NASCAR Busch Series (now the Xfinity Series ) raced at Myrtle Beach Speedway from 1988 to 2000. Over the years, Myrtle Beach Speedway has been the training grounds for some of NASCAR's biggest stars including Jeff Gordon (former Busch Series track record holder). All four generations of Pettys ( Lee , Richard , Kyle , and Adam ) and three generations of Earnhardts ( Ralph , Dale Sr. , Dale Jr. , and Kelley ) have taken

130-616: A 2024 North Wilkesboro Speedway Craftsman Truck Series race. Carson Kvapil, who drives for JR Motorsports, won the 2024 IceBreaker in a season which led to him making starts in the NASCAR Xfinity Series that including a podium finish at Dover Motor Speedway and a win at the ValleyStar Credit Union 300 in Martinsville, earning a 2025 Xfinity ride. The major events at Florence currently feature

195-501: A Late Model for himself and one of his Late Model drivers. Numerous winners of the Powell Memorial have won at NASCAR's national level. Earnhardt continues to both drive and field cars for the major Florence races, with participation in the season-ending Powell and the season-opening IceBreaker since the 2022 season finale. Brenden "Butterbean" Queen won the 2022 edition, leapfrogging him to stardom where he finished fourth in

260-402: A binder. The abbreviation, AC , is sometimes used for asphalt concrete but can also denote asphalt content or asphalt cement , referring to the liquid asphalt portion of the composite material. Mixing of asphalt and aggregate is accomplished in one of several ways: In addition to the asphalt and aggregate, additives, such as polymers , and antistripping agents may be added to improve

325-659: A continuation of the Myrtle Beach season, as NASCAR and CARS transferred the track's sanctions for both NASCAR weekly racing and the CARS Tour to Florence Motor Speedway. The first race at Florence with the promoters was the Prelude to the Southern 500 , held on the weekend of Darlington's second race meeting. Sam Yarbrough, who won the last Myrtle Beach Late Model feature, won the 100 lap feature. Since Darlington Raceway

390-434: A green flag around the asphalt oval that spans 0.538 miles (0.866 km). Rambi Raceway opened as a dirt track in 1958. The track hosted one NASCAR Convertible Series event in 1958 and one NASCAR Grand National East Series race in 1972. Nick Lucas bought the track in 1968, paving it in 1974. Billy Hardee became a co-owner in 1987. NASCAR Southeast Series had run 17 races at the facility between 1991 and 2004, with

455-578: A range of strategies for incorporating waste materials into asphalt concrete. The strategies presented in the study include the use of plastics, particularly high-density polyethylene, in asphalt binders, and the use of glass, brick, ceramic, and marble quarry waste in place of traditional aggregate. Rejuvenators may also be produced from recycled materials, including waste engine oil, waste vegetable oil, and waste vegetable grease. Recently, discarded face masks have been incorporated into stone mastic. Timmonsville, South Carolina Timmonsville

520-738: A situation where South Boston Speedway could not open because of Commonwealth restrictions in Virginia, and moved that round to Florence in October 2020. The Myrtle Beach 400 was renamed the South Carolina 400 Charlie Powell Memorial and continued in its traditional mid-November date in 2020, held the week before the Southern National Motorsports Park Thanksgiving Classic. 2024 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion Ty Majeski won

585-478: Is 13.1 miles (21.1km) from Florence Motor Speedway, promoters, who kept Myrtle Beach silent during the Darlington weekend, added local races on Darlington's Cup weekends to promote NASCAR's local racing initiative. In 2021, the Prelude to Darlington was added on Goodyear 400 weekend, and was specifically designed where spectators can attend both races on the same day. On September 9, 2020, CARS then alleviated

650-454: Is a maintenance measure that helps keep water and petroleum products out of the pavement. Maintaining and cleaning ditches and storm drains will extend the life of the road at low cost. Sealing small cracks with bituminous crack sealer prevents water from enlarging cracks through frost weathering, or percolating down to the subbase and softening it. For somewhat more distressed roads, a chip seal or similar surface treatment may be applied. As

715-776: Is a research program by the FHWA , which is specifically focusing on long-term pavement behaviour. Asphalt deterioration can include crocodile cracking , potholes , upheaval, raveling , bleeding , rutting , shoving, stripping , and grade depressions. In cold climates, frost heaves can crack asphalt even in one winter. Filling the cracks with bitumen is a temporary fix, but only proper compaction and drainage can slow this process. Factors that cause asphalt concrete to deteriorate over time mostly fall into one of three categories: construction quality, environmental considerations, and traffic loads. Often, damage results from combinations of factors in all three categories. Construction quality

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780-655: Is a town in Florence County , South Carolina, United States. The population was 2,320 at the 2010 census , an increase of five persons from 2000 . It is part of the Florence Metropolitan Statistical Area . Timmonsville was founded in 1854 by John Morgan Timmons, a Baptist minister of French Huguenot ancestry. The Smith-Cannon House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. In 2016

845-732: Is awarded to the winner of the Cook Out 225 Late Model feature during the weekend of the Cook Out Southern 500. Sources: Asphalt concrete Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt , blacktop , or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads , parking lots , airports , and

910-415: Is critical to pavement performance. This includes the construction of utility trenches and appurtenances that are placed in the pavement after construction. Lack of compaction in the surface of the asphalt, especially on the longitudinal joint, can reduce the life of a pavement by 30 to 40%. Service trenches in pavements after construction have been said to reduce the life of the pavement by 50%, mainly due to

975-455: Is currently run in two parts, with a ten-minute halftime break after 125 laps (or earlier if a safety car happens within five laps of the prescribed break). All safety car periods use noncompetitive pit stops (as is the standard at most Late Model and Super Late Model races). Tire changes are only permitted at the Lap 125 break, with single tire changes in case of a flat spot or a tire failure during

1040-473: Is found on interstate highways where maintenance is highly crucial. Asphalt concrete generates less roadway noise than a Portland cement concrete surface, and is typically less noisy than chip seal surfaces. Because tire noise is generated through the conversion of kinetic energy to sound waves , more noise is produced as the speed of a vehicle increases. The notion that highway design might take into account acoustical engineering considerations, including

1105-420: Is why some agencies place the priority on preventive maintenance of roads in good condition, rather than reconstructing roads in poor condition. Poor roads are upgraded as resources and budget allow. In terms of lifetime cost and long term pavement conditions, this will result in better system performance. Agencies that concentrate on restoring their bad roads often find that by the time they have repaired them all,

1170-656: The first two held in Florence. In February 2021, the IceBreaker, which has been held since 2016 to start the Myrtle Beach season, retained its traditional start of season date in February 2021 as the first race for the Florence track championship. Zacharias successfully retained Myrtle Beach's traditional races and dates, with the IceBreaker the second race for the NASCAR Late Model scene, and pays points for

1235-406: The subsoil to see how much load it can withstand. The pavement and subbase thicknesses are designed to withstand the wheel loads. Sometimes, geogrids are used to reinforce the subbase and further strengthen the roads. Drainage, including ditches , storm drains and underdrains are used to remove water from the roadbed, preventing it from weakening the subbase and subsoil. Sealcoating asphalt

1300-548: The Carolinas and Virginia, perimeter chassis; cars used in this race are the same ones that are used at the ValleyStar Credit Union 300 in Martinsville Speedway). Originally a 400-lap All Pro race, the race has become 250 laps as a NASCAR Late Model with other weekly features combining for the 400 laps. The race was not held in 2012 because of weather, after which there were two features in 2013, one to start

1365-604: The Department of Transportation to incorporate crumb rubber into asphalt paving materials. Other recycled materials that are actively included in asphalt concrete mixes across the United States include steel slag, blast furnace slag, and cellulose fibers. Further research has been conducted to discover new forms of waste that may be recycled into asphalt mixes. A 2020 study conducted in Melbourne, Australia presented

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1430-483: The IceBreaker, races on both Darlington Raceway NASCAR Cup Series weekends, and the Charlie Powell 400 as its major weekends. The Myrtle Beach 400 was originally a NASCAR All Pro / Southeast Series Late Model event from 1993 to 1995 before becoming a NASCAR-spec Late Model division race in 1996 where any Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series track that runs a NASCAR Late Model class car can participate (primarily in

1495-759: The Myrtle Beach 400 Late Model race (originally an All Pro event) beginning in 1993. Originally a 400-lap touring race, the race settled to NASCAR-specification Late Models of 250 laps with heat races and support races combined for 400 laps, originally set for Thanksgiving weekend, but later moved to the week before Thanksgiving in order to allow competitors to participate in the NASCAR Late Model Thanksgiving Classic at Southern National Motorsports Park in Lucana, North Carolina . The Busch Series race (the Myrtle Beach 250 ) in 2000

1560-595: The Myrtle Beach BikeFest. In a deal that closed April 2012, Speedway Group Inc. bought the facility, including 48 acres. Robert J. Lutz, one of the new owners, said Lt. Gov. André Bauer arranged for the deal to take place. Bauer said he wanted the track to help improve Myrtle Beach's economy with new events. Upgrades to the track were planned, and plans called for the NASCAR Racing Experience to attract drivers and tourists. One goal

1625-509: The NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series (son Robert was the 1988 national champion). Built in 1982 as a dirt track, it was paved in 1988. The Powell family and Zacharias' group signed a lease to own agreement that lasted from July 2020 to the end of the 2023 season. At the end of the 2023 season, Zacharias acquired full ownership. The 2020 season for Florence under the promotion of Zacharias began as

1690-761: The Pioneer 1000. The Florence Motor Speedway is also located in Timmonsville. Following the closure of the Myrtle Beach Speedway in the same market, promoters acquired Florence Motor Speedway from the Powell family, moving the entire operation to the .400-mile circuit, built in 1982, where it is an active NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series circuit. Florence hosts the Icebreaker, CARS Tours, and Myrtle Beach 400 big-money events in addition to

1755-496: The United States contained, on average, 21.1% RAP and 0.2% RAS. Recycled asphalt components may be reclaimed and transported to an asphalt plant for processing and use in new pavements, or the entire recycling process may be conducted in-place. While in-place recycling typically occurs on roadways and is specific to RAP, recycling in asphalt plants may utilize RAP, RAS, or both. In 2019, an estimated 97.0 million tons of RAP and 1.1 million tons of RAS were accepted by asphalt plants in

1820-534: The United States. RAP is typically received by plants after being milled on-site, but pavements may also be ripped out in larger sections and crushed in the plant. RAP millings are typically stockpiled at plants before being incorporated into new asphalt mixes. Prior to mixing, stockpiled millings may be dried and any that have agglomerated in storage may have to be crushed. RAS may be received by asphalt plants as post-manufacturer waste directly from shingle factories, or they may be received as post-consumer waste at

1885-416: The United States. Many roofing shingles also contain asphalt, and asphalt concrete mixes may contain reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS). Research has demonstrated that RAP and RAS can replace the need for up to 100% of the virgin aggregate and asphalt binder in a mix, but this percentage is typically lower due to regulatory requirements and performance concerns. In 2019, new asphalt pavement mixtures produced in

1950-441: The asphalt to oxidize, becoming stiffer and less resilient, leading to crack formation. Cold temperatures can cause cracks as the asphalt contracts. Cold asphalt is also less resilient and more vulnerable to cracking. Water trapped under the pavement softens the subbase and subgrade, making the road more vulnerable to traffic loads. Water under the road freezes and expands in cold weather, causing and enlarging cracks. In spring thaw,

2015-404: The average family size was 3.27. In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.1 males. The median income for a household in the town

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2080-504: The census of 2000, there were 2,315 people, 829 households, and 596 families residing in the town. The population density was 896.6 inhabitants per square mile (346.2/km ). There were 956 housing units at an average density of 370.2 per square mile (142.9/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 21.94% White , 77.32% Black , 0.39% Native American , 0.09% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.09% from other races , and 0.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of

2145-413: The core of embankment dams . Asphalt mixtures have been used in pavement construction since the beginning of the twentieth century. It consists of mineral aggregate bound together with bitumen (a substance also independently known as asphalt), laid in layers, and compacted. The process was refined and enhanced by Belgian-American inventor Edward De Smedt . Edgar Purnell Hooley further enhanced

2210-508: The end of their service life. Processing of RAS includes grinding the shingles and sieving the grinds to remove oversized particles. The grinds may also be screened with a magnetic sieve to remove nails and other metal debris. The ground RAS is then dried, and the asphalt cement binder can be extracted. For further information on RAS processing, performance, and associated health and safety concerns, see Asphalt Shingles . In-place recycling methods allow roadways to be rehabilitated by reclaiming

2275-691: The existing pavement, remixing, and repaving on-site. In-place recycling techniques include rubblizing , hot in-place recycling, cold in-place recycling, and full-depth reclamation . For further information on in-place methods, see Road Surface . During its service life, the asphalt cement binder, which makes up about 5–6% of a typical asphalt concrete mix, naturally hardens and becomes stiffer. This aging process primarily occurs due to oxidation, evaporation, exudation, and physical hardening. For this reason, asphalt mixes containing RAP and RAS are prone to exhibiting lower workability and increased susceptibility to fatigue cracking. These issues are avoidable if

2340-534: The facility, between 2015 and 2018. In 2016, Myrtle Beach Speedway began opening the season in February with the Late Models in the IceBreaker. In May 2020, it was announced the track would close its doors for good in August, before the season could be finished as the result of a sale to a land developer. Meanwhile, track promoter Steve Zacharias worked immediately to preserve Myrtle Beach's major races and upon

2405-414: The friction course. In general, the viscosity of asphalt allows it to conveniently form a convex surface, and a central apex to streets and roads to drain water to the edges. This is not, however, in itself an advantage over concrete, which has various grades of viscosity and can be formed into a convex road surface. Rather, it is the economy of asphalt concrete that renders it more frequently used. Concrete

2470-400: The ground thaws from the top down, so water is trapped between the pavement above and the still-frozen soil underneath. This layer of saturated soil provides little support for the road above, leading to the formation of potholes. This is more of a problem for silty or clay soils than sandy or gravelly soils. Some jurisdictions pass frost laws to reduce the allowable weight of trucks during

2535-416: The lack of compaction in the trench, and also because of water intrusion through improperly sealed joints. Environmental factors include heat and cold, the presence of water in the subbase or subgrade soil underlying the pavement, and frost heaves. High temperatures soften the asphalt binder, allowing heavy tire loads to deform the pavement into ruts. Paradoxically, high heat and strong sunlight also cause

2600-515: The last race, in July 2020, track promoter Steve Zacharias and business partners Brian Vause and Savannah Brotherton formed Speedway Plus Promotion LLC, becoming the promoters for Florence Motor Speedway, a .400 mile (644 metre) oval located at 836 East Smith Street in Timmonsville , 75 miles from the track but in the same metropolitan region owned by Charlie Powell, Jr., whose family has raced in

2665-498: The mix's rutting resistance while maintaining adequate fatigue cracking resistance. In mixes with higher recycled content, the addition of virgin binder becomes less effective, and rejuvenators may be used. Rejuvenators are additives that restore the physical and chemical properties of the aged binder. When conventional mixing methods are used in asphalt plants, the upper limit for RAP content before rejuvenators become necessary has been estimated at 50%. Research has demonstrated that

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2730-504: The municipal government passed an ordinance banning people from having sagging pants , with a fine of $ 600. It is known as Ordinance 543. Timmonsville is located at 34°8′N 79°57′W  /  34.133°N 79.950°W  / 34.133; -79.950 (34.135, −79.944). According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km ), all land. As of

2795-409: The number, width and length of cracks increases, more intensive repairs are needed. In order of generally increasing expense, these include thin asphalt overlays, multicourse overlays, grinding off the top course and overlaying, in-place recycling, or full-depth reconstruction of the roadway. It is far less expensive to keep a road in good condition than it is to repair it once it has deteriorated. This

2860-404: The pavement for controlling storm water. Different types of asphalt concrete have different performance characteristics in roads in terms of surface durability, tire wear, braking efficiency and roadway noise . In principle, the determination of appropriate asphalt performance characteristics must take into account the volume of traffic in each vehicle category, and the performance requirements of

2925-401: The performance aspects of RAP and RAS is to combine the recycled components with virgin aggregate and virgin asphalt binder. This approach can be effective when the recycled content in the mix is relatively low, and has a tendency to work more effectively with soft virgin binders. A 2020 study found that the addition of 5% RAS to a mix with a soft, low-grade virgin binder significantly increased

2990-405: The population. There were 829 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.9% were married couples living together, 31.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. Of all households 24.0% were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and

3055-560: The process in the UK where the term tar macadam, shortened to tarmac was coined, after the name of his company Tar Macadam (Purnell Hooley's Patent) Syndicate Limited derived from the combination of tar and Macadam gravel composite mixtures. The terms asphalt (or asphaltic ) concrete , bituminous asphalt concrete , and bituminous mixture are typically used only in engineering and construction documents, which define concrete as any composite material composed of mineral aggregate adhered with

3120-468: The properties of the final product. Areas paved with asphalt concrete—especially airport aprons —have been called "the tarmac" at times, despite not being constructed using the tarmacadam process. A variety of specialty asphalt concrete mixtures have been developed to meet specific needs, such as stone-matrix asphalt , which is designed to ensure a strong wearing surface, or porous asphalt pavements, which are permeable and allow water to drain through

3185-421: The race. Tire rotations are permitted. The race will use a specification tire from Continental AG . During safety car periods until Lap 200, the laps to determine the running order before pit lane opens, and if necessary, the first four laps of the safety car period will not count. After Lap 200, no laps under the safety car count. Starting in 2023, qualifying only awarded positions 2nd to 20th. Pole position

3250-422: The recycled components are apportioned correctly in the mix. Practicing proper storage and handling, such as by keeping RAP stockpiles out of damp areas or direct sunlight, is also important in avoiding quality issues. The binder aging process may also produce some beneficial attributes, such as by contributing to higher levels of rutting resistance in asphalts containing RAP and RAS. One approach to balancing

3315-430: The regular club racing schedule. Public education in Timmonsville is administered by Florence County School District 1, following the absorption of District 4 by District 1. Students continue to attend Brockington Elementary School in Timmonsville, but high school students are now served by West Florence High School or South Florence High School . Johnson Middle School and Timmonsville High School , which were part of

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3380-446: The road over a longer period of time, increasing ruts, cracking, and corrugations in the asphalt pavement. Other causes of damage include heat damage from vehicle fires, or solvent action from chemical spills. The life of a road can be prolonged through good design, construction and maintenance practices. During design, engineers measure the traffic on a road, paying special attention to the number and types of trucks. They also evaluate

3445-421: The roads that were in good condition have deteriorated. Some agencies use a pavement management system to help prioritize maintenance and repairs. Asphalt concrete is a recyclable material that can be reclaimed and reused both on-site and in asphalt plants . The most common recycled component in asphalt concrete is reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). RAP is recycled at a greater rate than any other material in

3510-508: The season and one to end the season. After the transfer of sanction by NASCAR, the race moved to Florence for the 2020 season. The 2024 format for the Saturday event consists of two heat races (25 laps) where the top six cars qualify for the feature, followed by two entry level feature races for four-cylinder Mini Stocks and eight-cylinder Street Stocks of 50 laps each, and a 250-lap feature for NASCAR-specification Late Models. The race

3575-398: The selection of the type of surface paving, arose in the early 1970s. With regard to structural performance, the asphalt behaviour depends on a variety of factors including the material, loading and environmental condition. Furthermore, the performance of pavement varies over time. Therefore, the long-term behaviour of asphalt pavement is different from its short-term performance. The LTPP

3640-404: The spring thaw season and protect their roads. The damage a vehicle causes is roughly proportional to the axle load raised to the fourth power, so doubling the weight an axle carries actually causes 16 times as much damage. Wheels cause the road to flex slightly, resulting in fatigue cracking, which often leads to crocodile cracking. Vehicle speed also plays a role. Slowly moving vehicles stress

3705-417: The track safe from demolition for the time being, photos taken on July 6, 2021 showed weeds and grass slowly taking over the racetrack. In December 2021, most of the track, including the track itself, most of the outside walls, and pit road were demolished, as now all that remains (as of December 31, 2021), is the frontstretch and backstretch walls which show the name of the former racetrack. In preparation for

3770-455: The track's closure, worked to finish the 2020 racing season. The final race at Myrtle Beach Speedway was held in August 2020. Sam Yarbrough won the final Late Model race while Carmen Odum and Carsyn Gillikin won their respective races in the final feature race ever held at the track. Promoter Steve Zacharias announced the Myrtle Beach season would continue at Florence Motor Speedway in Timmonsville, which Zacharias would take over promotion of

3835-553: The track, state, and national Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series championship. Both races kept their Myrtle Beach lineages. In 2022, the Charlie Powell Memorial 400 celebrated its 30th running. NASCAR and the Zacharias officially recognised the Myrtle Beach 400 as part of the Charlie Powell Memorial lineage. NASCAR Hall of Fame member Dale Earnhardt, Jr. , who raced at Myrtle Beach in his early career, entered

3900-486: The track. That allowed Myrtle Beach's major race weekends to continue in the 2020 season in the Florence-Myrtle Beach metropolitan area. Originally, the land owners' plan was to demolish the facility and build hotels and condos on the property, but it was announced in early July 2021 that the company will not use the land for the original purpose, and the concept for the area fell through. Although it kept

3965-530: The use of rejuvenators at optimal doses can allow for mixes with 100% recycled components to meet the performance requirements of conventional asphalt concrete. Beyond RAP and RAS, a range of waste materials can be re-used in place of virgin aggregate, or as rejuvenators. Crumb rubber, generated from recycled tires, has been demonstrated to improve the fatigue resistance and flexural strength of asphalt mixes that contain RAP. In California, legislative mandates require

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4030-434: Was $ 23,514, and the median income for a family was $ 29,213. Males had a median income of $ 23,500 versus $ 16,588 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 11,714. About 25.5% of families and 26.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.1% of those under age 18 and 23.1% of those age 65 or over. In 2012 the police force was disbanded due to lack of funds. It was revived in 2014, and Gregory Palmer

4095-457: Was another top-level race. The NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour had one race at the speedway in 2009. After merging the two NASCAR Whelen Modified Tours at the end of the 2016 season, beginning in 2017, the newly unified tour hosted three events at the track from 2017 through 2019. CARS X-1R Pro Cup Series had 24 races at Myrtle Beach between 1998 and 2014. CARS Super Late Model Tour and CARS Late Model Stock Tour had 3 events each at

4160-430: Was appointed chief of police. In 2016, Palmer was dismissed by Mayor Darrick Jackson, who had reportedly lost confidence in him. The Honda Motor Company manufactures all-terrain vehicles ( ATVs ) and multi-use SxS (side-by-side) vehicles in Timmonsville. Manufactured there are Four Trax Recon, Four Trax Foreman, Four Trax Rancher, Four Trax Rincon, Four Trax Rubicon, Sportrax 400EX/250EX, Pioneer 500, Pioneer 700, and

4225-471: Was the last major NASCAR event at the track. The NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series raced on Saturday nights from late February through November. The track also runs various other classes of racing including Late Model Charger, Super Trucks and Mini Stocks. The speedway is home of the Myrtle Beach 400, IceBreaker 200, NASCAR Racing Experience, Monster Jam, NOPI Nationals and Horry County Fair with recent additions of Wheels of Destruction Thrill Show and

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