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61-664: The NHS Nightingale Hospital London was the first of the NHS Nightingale Hospitals , temporary hospitals set up by NHS England for the COVID-19 pandemic . It was housed in the ExCeL London convention centre in East London. The hospital was rapidly planned and constructed, being formally opened on 3 April and receiving its first patients on 7 April 2020. It served 54 patients during the first wave of

122-844: A council facility in Ty Trevithick in Abercynon , while Parc y Scarlets in Llanelli is to be used to provide 500 beds, with Rodney Parade in Newport being turned into a testing station. In northern Wales, Venue Cymru in Llandudno was prepared to receive 350 beds, Deeside Leisure Centre in Flintshire to have 250 beds, with an extra 80 beds at Glan Clwyd Hospital in Bodelwyddan , Denbighshire, while Bangor University

183-717: A hospital for the Bristol area was to be built in University of the West of England (UWE). The hospital is stated to have a planned capacity of up to 300 beds and is located in the Exhibition and Conference Centre on UWE Bristol's Frenchay campus. Spare student accommodation is also to be made available for doctors and nurses at the Frenchay campus. The hospital was to have space for up to 1,000 beds, if needed. According to

244-590: A nurse who came to prominence during the Crimean War and is regarded as the founder of modern nursing . On 21 and 22 March 2020, military planners and NHS England staff visited ExCeL London – an exhibition and convention centre in the Custom House area of Newham , East London – to "determine if the armed forces could support the NHS response to the outbreak". Plans to create the hospital were announced in

305-650: A press briefing by Health Secretary Matt Hancock on 24 March. The hospital would be run by NHS staff and volunteers, with 700 military personnel providing logistic assistance. The facility was planned and constructed in conjunction with the British Armed Forces and British architects BDP , with the mission being run from the Headquarters Standing Joint Command in Aldershot , which coordinates resilience missions for

366-682: A recorded speech, took place on 17 April 2020. On 12 October 2020, amidst a rise in cases in Northern England, the hospital was placed on standby to admit COVID-19 patients. On 10 April, it was announced that a 460-bed facility would be built in Washington , Tyne and Wear. The hospital, at the Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Advanced Manufacturing , was expected to be ready for use within two weeks and be operated by Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust . The hospital

427-577: A temporary hospital would be provided in Exeter . The hospital, originally expected to be built in the Westpoint Arena near Clyst St Mary , and provide 200 beds, was due to be ready for use in early May. With the number of COVID-19 cases in the catchment area being lower than first expected, the decision was taken to switch to a smaller site at a former Homebase retail outlet in Sowton . The site

488-433: Is limited understanding on evaluating the efficacy of these drugs while they are used in combination with western drugs and or other mechanical supportive equipment. Despite its relative adequateness of intensive care beds compared to other European nations, plans were drafted by the federal and state governments of Germany to further expand care capacity for COVID-19 patients as the pandemic broke out . These plans include

549-485: Is used to transfuse the patient's blood out of the body and perform oxygenation of the blood with the help of a machine. This method could alleviate the disease burden on the patients and allow the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to recover. It has been reported that the use of ECMO has shown health improvement in 3 out of 4 critically ill patients. In China, patients also receive traditional Chinese medicine as part of their therapeutic regimen. However, there

610-739: The Principality Stadium would be turned into a temporary hospital with 2,000 beds. It was to be the third largest hospital in the United Kingdom, after the Nightingale Hospital at the Excel Centre London and the Nightingale Hospital at Birmingham's National Exhibition Centre. On 8 April its name was given as the Dragon's Heart Hospital ( Welsh : Ysbyty Calon y Ddraig ) and it was announced that

671-676: The SEC Centre in Glasgow was converted to the NHS Louisa Jordan , a temporary hospital serving Scotland. Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said the facility would have a 300-bed capacity but with the potential to raise it beyond 1,000 beds. The facility was named NHS Louisa Jordan after the World War I nurse Louisa Jordan . On 27 March 2020, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board CEO Len Richards announced that

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732-596: The first widespread COVID-19 outbreak hit the nation in March 2020. In England, the construction of 7 temporary hospitals were announced in succession between 24 March and 10 April 2020 by the UK government and the NHS, collectively named the NHS Nightingale Hospitals . These hospitals, collectively providing up to 13700 beds, were planned to house COVID-19 patients with mild conditions, in order to vacate capacity in other NHS hospitals for more critical patients. Most of

793-539: The pandemic was provided by existing isolation wards in the city's hospitals. With the number of existing wards being unable to accommodate the increasing patient numbers, the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA) sought to convert other wards and community facilities for COVID-19 treatment. For ward conversions, general wards in public hospitals were converted into standard negative pressure isolation wards in two phases, which by August 2020 lifted

854-583: The pandemic hit . The strain is particularly heavy in the country's capital, Moscow , where they are more equipped than any other region countrywide, but also having by far the highest patient numbers. To alleviate this strain, the local Moscow government started the construction of temporary hospitals in the suburbs of Moscow in mid-2020, mostly near existing large clinics. Most buildings were not converted from existing infrastructure, but built from scratch. By late-October 2020, Moscow has around 50 temporary hospitals in operation, providing 3000 beds. One of

915-457: The 45 hospitals, 6 of them provide healthcare services to critically endangered patients, and the remaining 39 hospitals offer treatment to severely ill patients and patients who are older than 65 years old. Lastly, patients with less severe symptoms are treated in large sports hall- or exhibition centre- converted hospitals. The exact number of temporary COVID-19 hospitals in Wuhan is unknown, but

976-809: The 7 hospitals were converted from current exhibition centres: for example, the NHS Nightingale Hospital London is located at ExCeL London ; while the Birmingham hospital is housed by the National Exhibition Centre . The London facility was the first to open on 3 April; 6 of the 7 hospitals were opened by 5 May. Only 3 of the 7 hospitals have ever admitted COVID-19 patients. All NHS Nightingale hospitals were “placed on standby” after June 2020, and will be shut down starting from April 2021. The NHS also constructed temporary hospitals in other parts of

1037-652: The British Armed Forces' COVID Support Force , under the Military Aid to the Civil Authorities provisions, as part of Operation Rescript . The field hospitals were intended to be used treat critical care patients regarded as being less severely ill, while the most severely ill patients would be treated in mainstream NHS hospitals. In the early part of 2020, the hospitals saw relatively few Covid patients, and as case number dropped over

1098-533: The COVID pandemic in the United Kingdom, the hospital treated only 54 patients. Preexisting permanent hospitals had successfully managed to increase their intensive care capacity to respond to the growing demands of the pandemic, and as a result the Nightingale Hospital was surplus to requirements. On 21 April 2020, The Guardian reported that staff at the hospital had claimed that the hospital had been "obliged to reject people needing care because it cannot get enough of

1159-657: The Hong Kong government announced plans to construct a temporary hospital at Chek Lap Kok , Lantau Island, next to the AsiaWorld-Expo. The proposed hospital comprises 6 blocks, each being two-storey buildings, providing 800 to 1000 beds in isolation wards and medical facilities to treat COVID-19 patients with "suitable clinical conditions". The wards and its facilities effectively free up beds in isolation wards of public hospitals as it offers hospital-grade intravenous medications and oxygen therapy . Construction of

1220-626: The NHS Nightingale hospitals to provide shopping facilities for hospital staff. It opened the first one in Birmingham Nightingale on 13 April. Technology companies Cisco and BT volunteered to build the hospital's medical-grade computer networks . In June 2020, the Department of Health and Social Care estimated the combined set-up costs of the hospitals to be £220   million, and stated that running costs for

1281-516: The PPE. The protective wear must be worn at all times when coming in contact with COVID-19 patients and must be taken off after leaving the COVID-19 wards. Prior to the hospitalisation, patients have to take a series of examinations to test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in their body. Patients can provide samples of their sputum , faeces or blood for COVID-19 testing . In sputum samples,

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1342-552: The UK, in similar fashion as the English NHS Nightingale Hospitals. During April to May 2020, Scotland , Wales , Northern Ireland, Jersey, and Gibraltar all had one or more hospitals opened. From March 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic first hit the USA , rapidly rising patient numbers caused US hospitals nationwide to face a critical shortage of beds, manpower, and medical supplies. In response to

1403-468: The UK. The main contractor was CFES. The facility was formally opened on 3 April 2020 by the Prince of Wales (via video link) in a ceremony during which the hospital's Head of Nursing unveiled a plaque. The first patients were admitted on 7 April. The television medical drama Holby City uses operational ventilators on set, and these were donated to the hospital. Over the course of the first wave of

1464-742: The ability to scale up to 300 if required. On 1 April 2020, it was reported that leisure centres in Cumbria, including the Whitehaven Sports Centre, the Carlisle Sands Centre, the Penrith Leisure Centre, Kendal Leisure Centre and Furness Academy in Barrow were confirmed field hospital sites. Work started on 1 April and when complete there would be 500 beds. On 10 April, it was announced that

1525-542: The bed shortages, the US Army Corps of Engineers announced plans in late-March to construct as many as 341 temporary hospitals across the country. Plans were scaled down when construction began in early April, with 17 existing sites converted into hospitals, providing around 15000 beds. Most of the hospitals were completed and opened in mid to late April. By early May, only 4 of 17 hospitals had treated COVID-19 patients, with none reaching its full capacity. Most of

1586-454: The capabilities to treat both minor and emergency COVID-19 cases; but it is only expected to enter service when current hospitals are full. Construction of the hospital began on April 1, with assistance from the German armed forces . The first phase of construction would provide 500 beds, with 500 more ready to be added. Hospital care for COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong at the beginning of

1647-512: The conversion of community halls and hotels, when needed, into COVID-19 centres for treatment of patients with mild conditions. On March 17, 2020, the local government in Berlin announced plans to convert one exhibition hall in the Messe Berlin exhibition grounds at the capital's Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf precinct into a temporary hospital containing 1000 beds. The hospital should have

1708-518: The development of different immunoglobulins ( IgM , IgG and IgM+IgG) in COVID-19 recovered patients. Guidelines are available to help medical professionals determine which patients are suitable to be released from the hospital. For example, a patient needs to be afebrile for more than 3 days, to show improvements of symptoms, to have satisfactory improvements shown in the X-ray scan of his or her lungs and to have 2 consecutive negative PCR tests on

1769-564: The development of the first COVID-19 vaccines, in January 2021 another part of the ExCeL centre was reconfigured to provide COVID vaccinations . In March 2021, it was announced the hospital would permanently close the following month, along with the other Nightingale Hospitals constructed at the beginning of the pandemic. The hospital's role was to treat patients already intubated and ventilated at other London hospitals. On 30 March 2020 it

1830-465: The event, almost all of the increased demand for critical care was met by expanding capacity in existing hospitals. By June, all the temporary hospitals had been placed on standby. Only two had admitted patients: 54 were treated at NHS Nightingale Hospital London (all of them in April) and just over 100 at Manchester . The Tesco supermarket chain planned pop-up branches of its convenience stores in

1891-840: The facility was handed over to the Swansea Bay University Health Board on 10 May 2020. Swansea Council funded the Swansea Bay Hospital injecting £50 million of available funds in to the project which was set aside for the new indoor arena which is currently being built in the City Centre. During the earlier part of 2020, a total of 19 'field hospitals' were constructed across Wales (one source gives '17 and 2 community discharge units'). These included conversions of existing health facilities as well as purpose-built hospitals and conversions of stadia and other leisure facilities. In September 2020, it

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1952-558: The few converted hospitals is located at the Krylatskoye Ice Palace , an indoor ice arena most known for hosting international ice skating tournaments, including the 2005 World Allround Speed Skating Championships . It was converted and began operations in October 2020, which now has a capacity of 1300 beds. The British National Health Service (NHS) took action to set up temporary COVID-19 hospitals nationwide when

2013-558: The first 300 beds would be available on 11 April. After the last patient left the hospital on 4 June, it was reported that the hospital was placed on a standby status. In September it was reported that the hospital is to be replaced by a smaller facility nearby, next to the University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff. In addition, work has begun to provide 340 bed spaces at Llandarcy Academy of Sport in Neath and 150 beds at

2074-480: The first Nightingale in Northern Ireland. The block was to become a 230-bed unit staffed by a team drawn from across Northern Ireland. COVID-19 hospital Healthcare staff at designated COVID-19 hospitals are protected with the personal protective equipment (PPE) , which includes coveralls, masks, eye protector and gloves. Hospitals have strict regulations for the healthcare staff on disposing of

2135-619: The hospital began in October 2020, and was completed in four months, with the number of provided beds confirmed at 816. The facility, named the North Lantau Hospital Hong Kong Infection Control Centre, was handed over to the HA in January 2021 for opening preparations, and patient admissions officially began on February 26. Hospital services in many parts of Russia are under pressure amidst increased patient numbers and poor facilities as

2196-569: The hospital was placed on standby to admit COVID-19 patients. In March 2021, it was confirmed the hospital would close. On 24 March 2020, the UK Secretary of State for Health and Social Care Matt Hancock , who was responsible for the NHS in England, announced that ExCeL London would be the first field hospital. It was planned to initially have 500 beds, with the capacity for 4,000–5,000 beds across its two wards if necessary later. It

2257-582: The latter was the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Turbo Expo 2020 conference, planned for 22–26 June. On 27 March, Simon Stevens also announced that a 1,000-bed hospital was to be provided in the Manchester Central Convention Complex , also due to open in mid-April. The hospital was ready to receive patients on Easter Sunday, 13 April 2020. The official opening, by Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall in

2318-523: The month of April (for the five which opened during that month) were approximately £15m. By January 2021, the estimated total cost of establishing, running and decommissioning the hospitals was forecast to be £532 million by April 2022. In November 2020, during the second wave of infections in England, only the Exeter and Manchester hospitals admitted patients. Apart from London and Sunderland which were to remain open as vaccination centres, and Exeter which

2379-757: The number of beds made available to patients has at least increased to more than 50,000. In China, the National Health Commission (NHC) has launched the National Clinical guidelines (6th edition) to lay out the specific treatments and regulations for handling COVID-19 patients. The four main policies of the Chinese National Health Commission aim to achieve minimal COVID-19 fatality in COVID-19 hospitals. All patients once hospitalised, their blood oxygen levels are constantly monitored. Depending on

2440-467: The nurses usually based in other hospitals to work there". This allegation was rebutted by a Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson, who stated that no coronavirus patients were being refused treatment due to a shortage of staff as the new hospital was to provide overflow capacity if required. During the second wave of COVID-19, the hospital reopened for patients recovering from COVID, and patients being treated for non-COVID ailments. Following

2501-472: The pandemic, and was used to serve non-COVID patients and provide vaccinations during the second wave. It was closed in April 2021. To add extra critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK , and to treat those with COVID-19 , plans were made to create further temporary hospital spaces for those in need of treatment and care. They were named "Nightingale Hospitals", after Florence Nightingale ,

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2562-399: The public health services of the home nations started planning the creation of temporary large-scale critical care hospitals to provide cover for the projected increase in patients likely to require this type of treatment. It reflected wider NHS re-structuring to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic and anticipated strain on NHS services The initiative was carried out in coordination with

2623-594: The response to the COVID-19 pandemic in England . The hospitals were named after Florence Nightingale , who came to prominence for nursing soldiers during the Crimean War and is regarded as the founder of modern nursing . The NHS Nightingale Hospital London opened first on 3 April 2020. As of 5 May 2020 , six of the seven planned hospitals had opened, and by the following month all had been placed on standby. The Harrogate and Exeter hospitals were repurposed as diagnostic clinics in June and July respectively. In

2684-511: The same day. Even after the official hospital discharge, the patient needs to remain socially distanced to their family members and friends, as the risk of infecting others is not eliminated. Different regions in China have their designated COVID-hospitals, either transformed from normal hospitals or from large sports halls and exhibition centres. Wuhan, the first recognised region of COVID-19 outbreak , has established 45 COVID-19 hospitals. Among

2745-623: The seven NHS England Nightingale Hospitals , NHS Scotland's Louisa Jordan hospital , NHS Wales' Dragon's Heart Hospital , and the Northern Irish Health and Social Care site at Belfast City Hospital , as well as the Florence Nightingale temporary hospital in the Europa Point Sports Complex , Gibraltar . As the COVID-19 pandemic first took hold in the United Kingdom, its government and

2806-588: The severity of their disease progression, they will receive different levels of supportive care, e.g. pharmacological agents to help them fight against the viral metabolism in the body. Some drug examples include chloroquine , phosphate , lopinavir or ritonavir , alpha interferon , ribavirin and arbidol . The dosage and dosing frequency are dependent on the individual patient's disease progression. For more severely-ill patients, intubation or invasive ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygen (ECMO) are used to enhance their chance of survival. ECMO

2867-629: The summer they were either mothballed or re-purposed. On 12 October 2020, amidst a rise in cases in Northern England, the hospitals in Harrogate , Manchester , and Washington were placed on standby in readiness to admit patients with COVID-19. Very few patients were treated in the Nightingale hospitals, largely due to difficulty finding the necessary additional qualified staff. The NHS Nightingale Hospitals were seven critical care temporary hospitals established by NHS England as part of

2928-500: The taxpayer, the London Nightingale Hospital, along with its counterparts across the country, saw some criticism. Critics argued that the hospitals had been poorly planned, and were little more than a PR stunt. Supporters argued that the hospitals were "insurance" against the possibility of the pandemic completely overwhelming existing hospitals. It has been claimed that one reason that the hospitals saw little use

2989-630: The total isolation bed capacity to 660. For conversion of community facilities, the AsiaWorld-Expo in Lantau Island has been used as a "community treatment facility" since August 1, 2020, with the venue converted to fit 900 beds to provide isolation and treatment for COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms and stable conditions. As of March 2021, the facility is put on standby due to low current demand for beds; however, it can be reactivated into service within 72 hours. On August 10, 2020,

3050-432: The vice-chancellor of UWE, Steve West , all buildings and car parks required for the hospital have been leased to the NHS for a fee of £1, for as long as is needed. This hospital was officially opened on 27 April 2020, in a virtual ceremony , by Matt Hancock ( health secretary ), Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex , and the chief executive of NHS England , Simon Stevens . It has the capacity to care for 60 patients, with

3111-439: The virus can be observed 1 to 2 days before the appearance of symptoms and can remain detectable in the body for up to around 2 weeks. In fecal samples, the virus can be detected starting from the fifth day after the onset of symptoms and remains detectable in the body for about a month. Alternatively, a serological test can be performed to see if the patients contain COVID-19 antibodies in their blood. The blood test identifies

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3172-406: Was announced by NHS England, with a 500-bed capacity, in the Harrogate Convention Centre . Tom Moore , a 99-year-old army veteran who had raised more £27M to support health service workers, officially opened the hospital on 21 April 2020. From 4 June the hospital was opened as a radiology outpatient clinic, offering CT scanning . On 12 October 2020, amidst a rise in cases in Northern England,

3233-523: Was announced that legal responsibility for the hospital would be passed to Barts Health NHS Trust , an existing NHS trust, as NHS England does not have legal powers to manage a hospital directly. The hospital's CEO was Charles Knight , seconded from within the Barts trust. The hospital was designed with capacity to receive and discharge up to 150 patients per day, with the number of staff required at full capacity being reported as 16,000 and later as 25,000. Partially due to its low occupancy and large cost to

3294-408: Was announced that these would be rationalised down to a total of 10 such special facilities. HSC Northern Ireland started planning for a similar initiative in mid-March 2020, with a number of sites under consideration. HSC Northern Ireland is also using the "Nightingale" name for its hospitals. On 2 April it was reported that the tower block of Belfast City Hospital was being converted into

3355-421: Was initially leased for nine months, and 116 beds were provided. From 6 July 2020, the hospital was used for cancer screening, and was open for twelve hours each day. It has also been used for vaccine trials. On 26 November the hospital received its first COVID-19 patients, who were transferred from the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital as it was "very busy". On 3 April, a hospital for Harrogate , Yorkshire

3416-503: Was officially opened as NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham by Prince William , using a video link, on 16 April. The hospital was designed as a 'step down facility', for patients recovering from COVID-19 or those not suitable for ventilation. It was reported a supporting temporary mortuary was being constructed near Birmingham airport. On 5 May, it was announced that the 1188 bed hospital would be stood down to standby, having admitted no patients. On 3 April, NHS England announced that

3477-403: Was officially opened on 5 May 2020, in a virtual ceremony , by Matt Hancock ( Secretary of State for Health ). The opening ceremony also featured television celebrities Ant and Dec , football pundit Alan Shearer and cricketer Ben Stokes . On 12 October 2020, amidst a rise in cases in Northern England, the hospital was placed on standby to admit COVID-19 patients. As of April 2020 ,

3538-584: Was reported a large mortuary was also being constructed on Wanstead Flats , a few miles to the north of the hospital. It was also reported that the hospital would be the largest critical care unit in the world. Also on 3 April, the London hospital became the first to enter service when it was officially opened by Prince Charles by videolink. On 4 May 2020, it was announced that the hospital would be stood down to standby, and would not admit any new patients. Events which were to take place at ExCeL London were postponed, cancelled or moved online. An example of

3599-431: Was that existing healthcare centres were reluctant to release staff to work in them, a reflection of a lack of understanding of the structure of the workforce in the healthcare sector. NHS Nightingale Hospitals COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom were temporary hospitals set up in the United Kingdom and overseas territories as part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic . They principally included

3660-440: Was to be prepared to receive 250 beds. The Bluestone National Park Resort in Pembrokeshire is to be used as a recovery centre for COVID-19 patients. In April 2020, Bay Studios on the site of the former Swansea Bay Motor Factory located on the outskirts of Swansea City Centre was announced by Swansea Council to be the chosen site for a 1,000-bed hospital. Within 1 month 420 beds and 80 discharge seats were made available, and

3721-527: Was to continue to be used for diagnostics, all other Nightingales were scheduled to close by April 2021. Overall, by August 2021, fewer than 1000 patients were treated in the emergency hospitals. On 27 March, chief executive of NHS England Sir Simon Stevens announced a temporary facility providing up to 5,000-beds at Birmingham 's National Exhibition Centre would open in mid-April. The hospital became operational on 10 April, with an initial 804 beds followed within 2 weeks by an additional 384 beds. It

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