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23-666: NST may refer to: Health [ edit ] Nonstress test , a screening test used in pregnancy test Media [ edit ] Niigata Sogo Television , a television company in Niigata Prefecture, Japan New Straits Times , an English-language newspaper published in Malaysia New Sabah Times , a newspaper in Sabah, Malaysia Real Scary Television (Russian: Настоящее страшное телевидение ),

46-716: A thread form used on fire hose couplings in the USA Natural Sciences Tripos , a courses system of the University of Cambridge Neon-sign transformer , a high voltage transformer Neural Style Transfer , a non-realistic rendering technology Time zones [ edit ] National Standard Time , Taiwan Nepal Standard Time Newfoundland Standard Time Transportation [ edit ] Nakhon Si Thammarat Airport , Thailand, IATA code Other uses [ edit ] NST (company) , UK travel group Network Security Toolkit ,

69-438: A baseline fetal heart rate between 110 and 160 beats per minute with moderate variability (5- to 25-interbeat variability) and 2 qualifying accelerations in 20 minutes with no decelerations. "Reactive" is defined as the presence of two or more fetal heart rate accelerations within a 20-minute period. Each acceleration must increase the heart rate 15 beats per minute above the baseline rate, and last for at least 15 seconds when

92-441: A live Linux CD New standard tuning for guitar Nintendo Software Technology , a video game company Non-sellable token , a type of scam seen in cryptocurrency State of East Sumatra ( Negara Sumatera Timur ), a former federal state Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title NST . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

115-406: A patient has factors causing both acidosis and alkalosis , wherein the relative severity of both determines whether the result is a high, low, or normal pH. Alkalemia occurs at a pH over 7.45. Arterial blood gas analysis and other tests are required to separate the main causes. In certain situations the main cause is clear. For instance, a diabetic with ketoacidosis is a recognizable case where

138-564: A television channel in Russia Military [ edit ] Naval Security Team , a deployable Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) force protection unit tasked to augment fleet existing force protection measures in expeditionary or domestic environments. Science and engineering [ edit ] National Research Council of Science and Technology, a research group under the Ministry of Science and ICT National Standard Thread,

161-448: Is most often caused by pulmonary problems, although head injuries , drugs (especially anaesthetics and sedatives ), and brain tumors can cause this acidemia. Pneumothorax , emphysema , chronic bronchitis , asthma , severe pneumonia , and aspiration are among the most frequent causes. It can also occur as a compensatory response to chronic metabolic alkalosis . One key to distinguish between respiratory and metabolic acidosis

184-541: Is termed "excess lactate", and is an indicator of anaerobic glycolysis occurring in muscle cells, as seen during strenuous exercise. Once oxygenation is restored, the acidosis clears quickly. Another example of increased production of acids occurs in starvation and diabetic ketoacidosis . It is due to the accumulation of ketoacids (via excessive ketosis ) and reflects a severe shift from glycolysis to lipolysis for energy needs. Acid consumption from poisoning such as methanol ingestion, elevated levels of iron in

207-702: Is that in respiratory acidosis, the CO 2 is increased while the bicarbonate is either normal (uncompensated) or increased (compensated). Compensation occurs if respiratory acidosis is present, and a chronic phase is entered with partial buffering of the acidosis through renal bicarbonate retention. However, in cases where chronic illnesses that compromise pulmonary function persist, such as late-stage emphysema and certain types of muscular dystrophy , compensatory mechanisms will be unable to reverse this acidotic condition. As metabolic bicarbonate production becomes exhausted, and extraneous bicarbonate infusion can no longer reverse

230-406: Is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration and so it is decreased by a process of acidosis. The term acidemia describes the state of low blood pH, when arterial pH falls below 7.35 (except in the fetus – see below) while acidosis is used to describe the processes leading to these states. The use of acidosis for a low pH creates an ambiguity in its meaning. The difference is important where

253-446: Is useful for calculating blood pH, because blood is a buffer solution . In the clinical setting, this equation is usually used to calculate HCO 3 from measurements of pH and PaCO2 in arterial blood gases . The amount of metabolic acid accumulating can also be quantitated by using buffer base deviation, a derivative estimate of the metabolic as opposed to the respiratory component. In hypovolemic shock for example, approximately 50% of

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276-498: The cerebrum of the brain which may progress to coma if there is no intervention. Metabolic acidosis may result from either increased production of metabolic acids, such as lactic acid, or disturbances in the ability to excrete acid via the kidneys , such as either renal tubular acidosis or the acidosis of kidney failure , which is associated with an accumulation of urea and creatinine as well as metabolic acid residues of protein catabolism . Lactic acidosis occurs whenever

299-476: The NST is that a well-oxygenated, non-acidemic fetus will spontaneously have temporary increases, termed "accelerations," in the fetal heart rate (FHR). Vibroacoustic stimulation can wake the fetus, and is sometimes used to speed up the test or to facilitate further evaluation of a non-reactive nonstress test. A nonstress test can be classified as normal, atypical, or abnormal. A normal nonstress test will show

322-504: The blood, and chronically decreased production of bicarbonate may also produce metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis is compensated for in the lungs, as increased exhalation of carbon dioxide promptly shifts the buffering equation to reduce metabolic acid. This is a result of stimulation to chemoreceptors , which increases alveolar ventilation , leading to respiratory compensation, otherwise known as Kussmaul breathing (a specific type of hyperventilation ). Should this situation persist,

345-432: The demand for oxygen by tissues exceeds the supply and the more efficient aerobic metabolism is supplemented by anaerobic metabolism that produces lactate. Increased demand occurs, for example, with high intensity exercise such as sprinting. Inadequate supply occurs, for example, with hypoperfusion as occurs in hemorrhagic shock. A rise in lactate out of proportion to the level of pyruvate , e.g., in mixed venous blood,

368-481: The extreme buildup of carbon dioxide associated with uncompensated respiratory acidosis, mechanical ventilation will usually be applied. In the fetus , the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled ( umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.20 to 7.38). In the fetus, the lungs are not used for ventilation. Instead, the placenta performs ventilatory functions ( gas exchange ). Fetal respiratory acidemia

391-471: The fetus is above 32 weeks' gestation, or 10 beats per minute over 10 seconds when the fetus is at or below 32 weeks' gestation. "Non-reactive" is defined as fewer than two adequate accelerations during a prolonged period, which may be over an hour. An NST may be non-reactive for reasons unrelated to fetal oxygenation status. These include fetal sleep , exposure to central nervous system depressants , exposure to beta-blockers , or chronic smoking during

414-421: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NST&oldid=1255569571 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Russian-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Nonstress test The premise of

437-628: The main cause of acidemia is essentially obvious. The rate of cellular metabolic activity affects and, at the same time, is affected by the pH of the body fluids. In mammals, the normal pH of arterial blood lies between 7.35 and 7.50 depending on the species (e.g., healthy human-arterial blood pH varies between 7.35 and 7.45). Nervous system involvement may be seen with acidosis and occurs more often with respiratory acidosis than with metabolic acidosis. Signs and symptoms that may be seen in acidosis include headaches , confusion, feeling tired , tremors , sleepiness , flapping tremor , and dysfunction of

460-410: The metabolic acid accumulation is lactic acid , which disappears as blood flow and oxygen debt are corrected. Treatment of uncompensated metabolic acidosis is focused upon correcting the underlying problem. When metabolic acidosis is severe and can no longer be compensated for adequately by the lungs or kidneys, neutralizing the acidosis with infusions of bicarbonate may be required. In the fetus ,

483-408: The normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled ( umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). Fetal metabolic acidemia is defined as an umbilical vessel pH of less than 7.20 and a base excess of less than −8. Respiratory acidosis results from a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood ( hypercapnia ) due to hypoventilation . It

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506-545: The patient is at risk of exhaustion leading to respiratory failure . Mutations to the V-ATPase 'a4' or 'B1' isoforms result in distal renal tubular acidosis, a condition that leads to metabolic acidosis, in some cases with sensorineural deafness . Arterial blood gases will indicate low pH , low blood HCO 3 , and normal or low PaCO 2 . In addition to arterial blood gas, an anion gap can also differentiate between possible causes. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

529-495: The pregnancy. If the nonstress test is reactive, the rate of fetal demise in the following week is approximately 1.9 per 1000. A nonreactive nonstress test has a false positive rate of 75%-90%, and therefore is followed by more definitive testing, which may include a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile . Acidemia#Metabolic acidosis Acidosis is a biological process producing hydrogen ions and increasing their concentration in blood or body fluids. pH

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