46-481: NTT Communications Corporation ( エヌ・ティ・ティ・コミュニケーションズ株式会社 , Enutiti Komyunikēshonzu Kabushiki gaisha ) is a Japanese telecommunications company owned by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation . It operates an international network across over 190 countries and regions, with locations in more than 70 countries and regions. The company has approximately 5,500 employees (NTT Communications Group: 11,500 employees) as of March 2020. Its headquarters are located in
92-423: A (so-called) "close company" ( 非公開会社 , hi-kōkai gaisha ) , in which case the company (e.g. its board of directors or a shareholders' meeting, as defined in the articles of incorporation) must approve any transfer of shares between shareholders; this designation must be made in the articles of incorporation. The articles must be sealed by the incorporator(s) and notarized by a civil law notary , then filed with
138-511: A K.K. is carried out by one or more incorporators ( 発起人 , hokkinin , sometimes referred to as "promoters") . Although seven incorporators were required as recently as the 1980s, a K.K. now only needs one incorporator, which may be an individual or a corporation. If there are multiple incorporators, they must sign a partnership agreement before incorporating the company. The purpose statement requires some specialized knowledge, as Japan follows an ultra vires doctrine and does not allow
184-468: A K.K. must have a board of directors ( 取締役会 , torishimariyaku kai ) consisting of at least three individuals. Directors have a statutory term of office of two years, and auditors have a term of four years. Small companies can exist with only one or two directors, with no statutory term of office, and without a board of directors ( 取締役会非設置会社 , torishimariyaku-kai hi-setchi-gaisha ) . In such companies, decisions are made via shareholder meeting and
230-477: A K.K. to act beyond its purposes. Judicial or administrative scriveners are often hired to draft the purposes of a new company. Additionally, the articles of incorporation must contain the following if applicable: Other matters may also be included, such as limits on the number of directors and auditors. The Corporation Code allows a K.K. to be formed as a "stock company that is not a public company" ( 公開会社でない株式会社 , kōkai gaisha denai kabushiki gaisha ) , or
276-620: A major data communications services provider; Crosswave Communications Inc. (CWC), which had filed for bankruptcy . In addition, NTT Communications reached an agreement to acquire CWC for approximately 10 billion yen, NTT Communications PM Suzuki said. On 3 October 2005, the company won the Best Customer Care award at the World Communication Awards 2005 held in London , becoming the first Asian company to earn
322-538: A major provider of live electronic learning and services for software-based enterprises. Due to the agreement, NTT Communications could offer the InterWise system to their customers as a cross-corporation service. From this, the company was able to expand its presence in the electronic learning market by using technology developed by InterWise to encourage information sharing besides development of corporations. In December 2003, NTT Communications took over operations from
368-451: A minor issue when deciding how to structure a business in Japan. As all publicly traded companies follow the K.K. structure, smaller businesses often choose to incorporate as a K.K. simply to appear more prestigious. In addition to income taxes, K.K.s must also pay registration taxes to the national government and may be subject to local taxes. Generally, the power to bring actions against
414-482: A new Point of Presence (PoP) on its Tier-1 Global IP Network in Munich." The POPs could offer Tier-1 networking, allowing the company to deliver its customers network connections with high speed and low latency. China and Hong Kong Financial Data Center Tower 2 (FDC2), which is the first data center in the countries was established by NTT Communications with the purpose of minimizing the data center costs and enhancing
460-576: A prefix (e.g. 株式会社 電通 , kabushiki gaisha Dentsū , a style called 前株 , mae-kabu ) or as a suffix (e.g. トヨタ自動車 株式会社 , Toyota Jidōsha kabushiki gaisha , a style called 後株 , ato-kabu ). Many Japanese companies translate the phrase " 株式会社 " in their name as " Company, Limited "—this is very often abbreviated as " Co., Ltd. "—but others use the more Americanized translations "Corporation" or "Incorporated". Texts in England often refer to kabushiki kaisha as " joint stock companies ". While that
506-513: A price of less than ¥50,000 per share (effective 1982-2003 ), or operate with paid-in capital of less than ¥10 million (effective 1991–2005). On June 29, 2005, the Diet of Japan passed a new Companies Act ( 会社法 , kaisha-hō ) , which took effect on May 1, 2006. A kabushiki gaisha may be started with capital as low as ¥1, making the total cost of a K.K. incorporation approximately ¥240,000 (about US$ 2,500) in taxes and notarization fees. Under
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#1732797840469552-593: Is also combined into one Unicode character at code point U+337F ㍿ SQUARE CORPORATION , while the parenthesized form can also be represented with a single character, U+3231 ㈱ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH STOCK as well as parentheses around U+682A 株 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-682A and its romanization U+33CD ㏍ SQUARE KK . These forms, however, only exist for backward compatibility with older Japanese character encodings and Unicode and should be avoided when possible in new text. The first kabushiki gaisha
598-448: Is close to a literal translation of the term, the two are not precisely the same. The Japanese government once endorsed "business corporation" as an official translation but now uses the more literal translation "stock company." Japanese often abbreviate " 株式会社 " in a company name on signage (including the sides of their vehicles) to 株 in parentheses , as, for example, " ABC㈱ ." The full, formal name would then be " ABC株式会社 ". 株式会社
644-629: Is referred to as a company with a board of statutory auditors ( 監査役会設置会社 , kansayaku-kai setchi-gaisha ) . Close K.K.s may also have a single person serving as director and statutory auditor, regardless of capital or liabilities. A statutory auditor may be any person who is not an employee or director of the company. In practice, the position is often filled by a very senior employee close to retirement, or by an outside attorney or accountant. Japanese law does not designate any corporate officer positions. Most Japanese-owned kabushiki gaisha do not have "officers" per se , but are directly managed by
690-525: The European network market, allowing corporate customers to develop their disaster recovery business by using the enterprise cloud platform. Originally, NTT Communication's DRaaS service was already available in the United States, however, the number of corporations incorporating disaster recovery service was expected to exceed the counterpart using conventional recovery services, in other words, there
736-585: The Illinois Business Corporation Act of 1933, giving kabushiki gaisha many traits of American corporations , and to be more exact, Illinois corporations. Over time, Japanese and U.S. corporate law diverged, and K.K. assumed many characteristics not found in U.S. corporations. For instance, a K.K. could not repurchase its own stock (a restriction lifted by the amendment of the Commercial Code in 2001), issue stock for
782-478: The Legal Affairs Bureau in the jurisdiction where the company will have its head office. In a direct incorporation, each incorporator receives a specified amount of stock as designated in the articles of incorporation. Each incorporator must then promptly pay its share of the starting capital of the company, and if no directors have been designated in the articles of incorporation, meet to determine
828-467: The Ministry of Finance. Under the new Company Law, public and other non-close K.K.s may either have a statutory auditor, or a nominating committee ( 指名委員会 , shimei-iin-kai ) , auditing committee ( 監査委員会 , kansa-iin-kai ) and compensation committee ( 報酬委員会 , hōshū-iin kai ) structure similar to that of American public corporations. If the company has an auditing committee, it
874-619: The Otemachi Place West tower, Otemachi , Chiyoda , Tokyo . NTT Communications Corporation was founded in July 1999 as a subsidiary of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. NTT Communications provides network management , telecommunication services such as VPN , and communications technology (ICT) services including cloud, consulting, and managing services for companies and government agencies. 1996–2005 Founding and early years In 1996, several new policies were issued for
920-589: The Philippines, Singapore, and Hong Kong NTT Com launched a new operation called Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE), an undersea cable connecting multiple large Asian cities with 40 Gbit/s on 20 August 2012. The company has invested heavily in ASE, which has been built in cooperation with several Asian firms such as Telekom Malaysia, Philippines-based PLDT, and StarHub based in Singapore. The leading points for
966-580: The Telecommunications Law, and as a result of this policy change, NTT Communications Corporation was established in July 1999. Since then, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation ( 日本電信電話株式会社 , Nippon Denshin Denwa Kabushiki-gaisha ) has served as a parent company, controlling NTT Communications which is responsible for long-distance and worldwide telephone services and two other local telecom companies. In 2000,
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#17327978404691012-783: The ability to transfer audio or video files while connecting people in different locations. India The Israeli technology was used for a new service targeting corporate customers. NTT Communications started offering the service in India in two months. In June 2015, NTT Com's subsidiary NTT Communications India Private Limited (known as NTT Com India) built two new branch offices in Ahmedabad and Guiarat in order to deliver its customers ICT solutions. Germany The article "NTT Communications: PoP" describes that "NTT Communications ... announced it has deepened its network connectivity in Germany with
1058-404: The article "Deep-learning-based", "The predictions are produced in just 20 minutes after sampling process data, by modeling the relationships between process data and raw material, and furnace conditions, using deep-learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) developed by NTT Communications." Geminare NTT Communications expanded its service called “Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS)” across
1104-418: The award in the communication field. 2006–2015 expansion In 2006, NTT Communications started a new Open Computer Network, also known as OCN Hosting Service, serving mainly small and medium-sized enterprises domestically. In May 2011, NTT purchased 70% of Frontline Systems, an Australian IT services provider. In October 2013, it merged Frontline Systems with NTT Australia to form NTT ICT. On 17 July 2013,
1150-426: The cable system have been constructed in Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore and Hong Kong was added in early 2013. The direct connection between the countries allows customers in five countries to use the data centers and cloud services as well as the network provided by NTT Com. Dimension Data NTT Communications contracted with Dimension Data to create a provider called “cloud powerhouse”, which allows
1196-425: The companies to provide their clients a solution with hybrid IT. The alliance will also encourage access to worldwide software-based network services, connecting more than 190 countries and approximately 140 global data centers. Mitsui Chemicals Inc. The two companies presented a new prediction technology, using deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) which were developed by NTT Communication. According to
1242-650: The country, since inception, the corporation has widely expanded its services and network. As of March 31, 2020, 319,050 people work for NTT Group as a whole, and consolidated operating revenues and that of income are ¥11,899.4 billion and ¥1,562.2 billion respectively. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone group currently contains multiple corporations, and these are operated in different kinds of technological fields. Mobile communications business Regional communications business – mostly providing regional telecom operations in domestic and related business. Long distance and, global or cross-border communications business – both of
1288-663: The country. Sports Theme park Event Kabushiki gaisha A kabushiki gaisha ( Japanese : 株式会社 , pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ; lit. ' share company ' ) or kabushiki kaisha , commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK , is a type of company ( 会社 , kaisha ) defined under the Companies Act of Japan . The term is often translated as "stock company", " joint-stock company " or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan
1334-425: The decision-making power of the directors is relatively limited. As soon as a third director is designated such companies must form a board. At least one director is designated as a Representative Director ( 代表取締役 , daihyō-torishimariyaku ) , holds the corporate seal and is empowered to represent the company in transactions. The Representative Director must "report" to the board of directors every three months;
1380-415: The directors on the corporation's behalf is granted to the statutory auditor. Historically, derivative suits by shareholders were rare in Japan. Shareholders have been permitted to sue on the corporation's behalf since the postwar Americanization of the Commercial Code; however, this power was severely limited by the nature of court costs in Japan. Because the cost to file a civil action is proportional to
1426-618: The directors, one of whom generally has the title of president ( 社長 , sha-chō ) . The Japanese equivalent of a corporate vice president is a department chief ( 部長 , bu-chō ) . Traditionally, under the lifetime employment system, directors and department chiefs begin their careers as line employees of the company and work their way up the management hierarchy over time. This is not the case in most foreign-owned companies in Japan, and some native companies have also abandoned this system in recent years in favor of encouraging more lateral movement in management. Corporate officers often have
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1472-497: The efficiency of data center energy in an eco-friendly way. As examples of energy efficient innovative technologies, cooling walls and batteries and water-side economization are included, and FDC2 has used renewable energy sources such as solar power by installing solar panels to the data center and has incorporated other ecological facilities like smart lighting systems for energy saving. FDC2 has reduced 60% of energy consumption every year, leading NTT Groups’ eco strategies. Malaysia,
1518-417: The exact meaning of this statutory provision is unclear, but some legal scholars interpret it to mean that the board must meet every three months. In 2015, the requirement that at least one director and one Representative Director must be a resident of Japan was changed. It is not required to have a resident Representative Director although it can be convenient to do so. Directors are mandatories ( agents ) of
1564-455: The firm launched new international services called “0033 SAMURAI Mobile”, which were intended to allow users to make an international phone call with reduced international calling fees. Moreover, the firm began Data center services both within Japan and overseas to provide support for E-business conducted by corporations. On 1 March 2001, NTT Com accepted a license agreement with InterWise ,
1610-402: The following firms provide products and services as well as long-distance communication services including cloud services, network services, data center services, and so forth. Data communications business Israel In January 2002, NTT Communications invested around $ 1 million for a unique technology developed by Israel in order to expand their international services. The new technology has
1656-404: The incorporator, and then make payment for his or her shares by a date specified by the incorporator(s). Capital must be received in a commercial bank account designated by the incorporator(s), and the bank must provide certification that payment has been made. Once the capital has been received and certified, the incorporation may be registered at the Legal Affairs Bureau. Under present law,
1702-470: The initial directors and other officers. The other method is an "incorporation by offering," in which each incorporator becomes the stock underwriter of a specified number of shares (at least one each), and the other shares are offered to other investors. As in a direct incorporation, the incorporators must then hold an organizational meeting to appoint the initial directors and other officers. Any person wishing to receive shares must submit an application to
1748-437: The legal title of shihainin , which makes them authorized representatives of the corporation at a particular place of business, in addition to a common-use title. Kabushiki gaisha are subject to double taxation of profits and dividends, as are corporations in most countries. In contrast to many other countries, however, Japan also levies double taxes on close corporations ( yugen gaisha and gōdō gaisha ). This makes taxation
1794-422: The old Commercial Code, a K.K. required starting capital of ¥10 million (about US$ 105,000); a lower capital requirement was later instituted, but corporations with under ¥3 million in assets were barred from issuing dividends , and companies were required to increase their capital to ¥10 million within five years of formation. The main steps in incorporation are the following: The incorporation of
1840-526: The prize is generally given to those who innovate and provide great customer experiences. 2016–present In October 2017, Gartner Inc. positioned NTT Communications Corp. in the Leaders quadrant in the “Magic Quadrant for Managed Hybrid Cloud Hosting (MHCH), Asia/Pacific” for the third consecutive year. On 28 May 2020, the firm announced the possibility of information leakage because of unauthorized access, however, no information related to consumer customers
1886-732: The shareholders, and the Representative Director is a mandatory of the board. Any action outside of these mandates is considered a breach of mandatory duty. Every K.K. with multiple directors must have at least one statutory auditor ( 監査役 , kansayaku ) . Statutory auditors report to the shareholders, and are empowered to demand financial and operational reports from the directors. K.K.s with capital of over ¥500m, liabilities of over ¥2bn and/or publicly traded securities are required to have three statutory auditors, and must also have an annual audit performed by an outside CPA . Public K.K.s must also file securities law reports with
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1932-483: The term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan. In Latin script, kabushiki kaisha , with a ⟨k⟩ , is often used, but the original Japanese pronunciation is kabushiki gaisha , with a ⟨g⟩ , owing to rendaku . A kabushiki gaisha must include " 株式会社 " in its name (Article 6, paragraph 2 of the Companies Act). In a company name, " 株式会社 " can be used as
1978-489: The world's first 100 Gbit/s Ethernet technology on a cable system linking Japan and the United States was deployed by NTT Communications. The technology could enhance the capacity of the company's system by 2.5 times. On 2 December 2014, the company, NTT Group's ICT services, and associated international communications, won the World Communications Awards (WCA) Best Global Operator award, in which
2024-539: Was a higher possibility of increasing the demand for disaster recovery service. Thus, NTT Communications decided to launch their DRaaS solutions in Europe with the support of Geminare. Arkadin In the 2010s, both NTT Communications and a collaboration services provider “Arkadin” have expanded their partnership in order to offer video conferencing to Japanese organizations and businesses, primarily for multinational clients based in
2070-424: Was disclosed. According to the official website, "on May 28 that some information—although no information on consumer customers—was possibly leaked externally on May 11 due to unauthorized access to NTT Com facilities by attackers on May 7." The holding company Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (called NTT) was founded in 1952. Initially the parent company operated as a public telecommunications provider in
2116-632: Was the Dai-Ichi Bank , incorporated in 1873. Rules regarding kabushiki gaisha were set out in the Commercial Code of Japan , and was originally based on laws regulating German Aktiengesellschaft (which also means share company). However, during the United States-led Allied Occupation of Japan following World War II, the occupation authorities introduced revisions to the Commercial Code based on
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