88-442: NW may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] NW (novel) , by Zadie Smith Nat Wolff , a singer and actor New wave music , a genre New Weekly , an Australian celebrity magazine Nintendo Wii , a video game console Geography [ edit ] Northwest (disambiguation) , multiple articles NW postcode area , northwest London, UK Nidwalden ,
176-562: A U.S. class I railroad North Western Reporter , a US case law report series Northwest Airlines (former IATA airline code NW) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title NW . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NW&oldid=1251353085 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
264-407: A barrister usually wears a horsehair wig, stiff collar, bands , and a gown. Since January 2008, solicitor advocates have also been entitled to wear wigs, but wear different gowns. In many countries the traditional divisions between barristers and other legal representatives are gradually decreasing. Barristers once enjoyed a monopoly on appearances before the higher courts, but particularly within
352-426: A bridge where she attempts suicide, only for Nathan to stop her. Part 5 – "visitation" : Already strained by the events she's experienced and witnessed, Leah suffers a psychotic break after Michel learns she's secretly been taking birth control pills to prevent a pregnancy despite their trying to conceive. Michel calls Natalie, who remains shaken after her near suicide. Natalie arrives and recites what she realizes are
440-425: A cage, from which she tries to escape, through her sexual escapades. The novel portrays different reactions to the social pressures placed on women with regard to motherhood. Leah ultimately resists the pressure, but still feels a need to hide her desire to remain childless as long as possible. Natalie wants to meet social expectations of motherhood, but in a way that does not hamper her career – to her, having it all
528-641: A canton of Switzerland North Rhine-Westphalia , the most populous state of Germany North West (South African province) Technology [ edit ] Nanowire , a nanostructure with a diameter on the order of a nanometer NetWare , in file and protocol names of the Novell NetWare family Nuclear warfare , the use of nuclear weapons in war An ISO-specified vacuum flange fitting (code NW) Other uses [ edit ] Nahdlatul Wathan , an Indonesian Islamic organization No worries , an expression Norfolk and Western Railroad ,
616-433: A career in film. His new lease on life is inspired by his new girlfriend Grace, whose optimism and can-do-spirit is contagious. Natalie Blake : Natalie's parents are from Jamaica. They originally gave her the name Keisha, which Natalie dropped during her time at university, to better fit in with her new social circle. After graduating from a prestigious university, becoming a successful lawyer and marrying into money, Natalie
704-510: A character – the sort of isolated, homeless addict, who is likely to be perceived as a threat first and foremost. The objective is to preserve his otherness. NW was generally praised by critics. According to Book Marks , the book received, based on American and British publications, "positive" reviews based on fifteen critic reviews with eight being "rave", three being "positive", three being "mixed", and one being "pan". On The Omnivore , in an aggregation of British and American press reviews,
792-461: A client in administrative tax appeals) and patent agents ( "benrishi" , qualified to practice patent registration and represent a client in administrative patent appeals). Only the lawyers ( bengoshi ) can appear before the court and are qualified to practice in any areas of law, including, but not limited to, areas that those qualified law-related professionals above are allowed to practice. Most attorneys still focus primarily on court practice and still
880-405: A fused profession, arguing and preparing cases in contentious matters, whereas Quebec's other type of lawyer, civil-law notaries ( notaires ), handle out-of-court non-contentious matters. However, a number of areas of non-contentious private law are not monopolized by notaries so that attorneys often specialize in handling either trials, cases, advising, or non-trial matters. The only disadvantage
968-600: A lawyer who represented the client in the lower courts. However, these restrictions do not apply to criminal cases, nor to pleadings at courts of the other court systems, including labour, administrative, taxation, and social courts and the European Union court system. The legal profession in Hong Kong is also divided into two branches: barristers and solicitors. In the High Court of Hong Kong (including both
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#17327660783361056-632: A less formal arrangement but this is not compulsory. Devils are not generally paid for their work in their devilling year. Israel In Israel, there is no distinction between barristers and solicitors. Japan adopts a unified system. However, there are certain classes of qualified professionals who are allowed to practice in certain limited areas of law, such as scriveners ( shiho shoshi , qualified to handle title registration, deposit, and certain petite court proceedings with additional certification), tax accountants ( zeirishi , qualified to prepare tax returns, provide advice on tax computation and represent
1144-618: A nervous breakdown and wandering into the carnival in her bed clothes. Part 4 – "crossing" : Wandering the streets of London during the Notting Hill Carnival in a fugue state, Natalie runs into Nathan Bogle, who offers her comfort. The two smoke marijuana together and reminisce about their divergent paths in life; Natalie looks for a reason for Nathan's downward trajectory in spite of his good grades in school and personal charisma, but Nathan sees nothing more than bad luck as responsible for his current position in life. The two pass
1232-526: A piece of the lost generation struggling to ascend economically. Part 1 – "visitation" : Social worker Leah Hanwell is contacted by Shar, a now destitute former school classmate, who claims she needs money for a cab ride to visit her mother in the emergency room. Leah later learns that Shar is a drug addict and this is a scam she regularly operates for drug money. Leah becomes obsessed with Shar and begins following her around Northwest London. After tracking Shar to her flat one day and leaving behind pamphlets for
1320-399: A prestigious university, became a successful lawyer, married an investment banker from a rich family, and moved to one of to the most expensive parts of London to raise her two children with him. Nonetheless, Natalie feels that her life is empty and is haunted by thoughts that she isn't a complete person. She struggles to reconcile her working-class, liberal, Afro-Caribbean roots- "Keisha"- with
1408-464: A rehabilitation center, Leah receives a threatening phone call from a man whom she believes to be Shar's boyfriend. Believing she recognizes his voice on the street one day, Leah inadvertently goads her husband, Michel, into confronting the man, who kicks their dog to death. Around the same time, Leah has a chance encounter with her former teenage crush, Nathan "Nate" Bogle, now a homeless drug addict; it occurs to Leah that Nathan may be Shar's boyfriend and
1496-560: A separate qualification) and who retain exclusivity over conveyancing and probate. After the 1971 and 1990 legal reforms, the avocat was fused with the avoué and the conseil juridique , making the avocat (or, if female, avocate ) an all-purpose lawyer for matters of contentious jurisdiction, analogous to an American attorney. French attorneys usually do not (although they are entitled to) act both as litigators (trial lawyers) and legal consultants (advising lawyers), known respectively as avocat plaidant and avocat-conseil . This distinction
1584-463: A series of empty conservative talking points and declares her belief in the just world fallacy , and that the two women are successful because they are deserving while people like Nat Bogle and Felix Cooper suffer terrible fates because they are unworthy. Feeling the need to do something truly meaningful, the women each contact the police to let them know Nathan Bogle has information about Felix's murder before resettling into their lives as they existed at
1672-513: A single state bar council to practise in India. However, this does not restrict a barrister from appearing before any court in India. For all practical and legal purposes, the Bar Council of India retains with it, the final power to take decisions in any and all matters related to the legal profession on the whole or with respect to any There are two requirements to practise in India. First,
1760-429: A successful, self-made barrister , lives in an affluent neighbourhood in a Victorian house. Despite their friendship and history, the two women find that they are very different from each other socio-economically. Meanwhile, a chance encounter brings Felix and Nathan together. Leah is the focus of a lower-working-class life in comparison to Natalie who represents the small higher-working-class. All four characters represent
1848-429: A tourism business with them; the failure of the business precipitated Felix's decline into drug abuse and eventually rehab. He meets one last time with his drug-using ex-lover to say goodbye and purchases a heavily damaged vintage car with the intention of restoring it. On his way home, a pregnant white woman mistakes him for the companion of a pair of train passengers because all three are black. Felix inadvertently slights
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#17327660783361936-414: A very small number of attorneys give sophisticated and expert legal advice on a day-to-day basis to large corporations. The Netherlands used to have a semi-separated legal profession comprising the lawyer and the procureur , the latter resembling, to some extent, the profession of barrister. Under that system, lawyers were entitled to represent their clients in law, but were only able to file cases before
2024-519: A young boy, he showed great potential as a football player. His ambitions were foiled by his drug addiction. Now he earns his living through illegal activities, operating from a house in Leah's street. One of the novel's main themes is the restructuring of the class system . Whereas one's ethnicity used to be seen as an identity defining feature, it now no longer automatically entails membership in any specific milieu, as illustrated by Natalie's example. In
2112-641: Is a growing tendency for practitioners in the bigger practices to specialize in one or the other. In colloquial parlance within the Nigerian legal profession, lawyers may, therefore, be referred to as "litigators" or as "solicitors". Consistent with the practice in England and elsewhere in the Commonwealth, senior members of the profession may be selected for elevation to the Inner Bar by the conferment of
2200-399: Is a split between the roles of barrister and solicitor, the barrister in civil law jurisdictions is responsible for appearing in trials or pleading cases before the courts. Barristers usually have particular knowledge of case law, precedent, and the skills to build a case. When another legal professional is confronted with an unusual point of law, they may seek the opinion of a barrister on
2288-462: Is characterized by a rapid succession of associations, conveyed in brief sentences, dialogues and short scenes in a mix of literary and colloquial language. Instead of an omniscient narrator , she uses various narrative techniques to portray the multiple layers and idiosyncrasies of her four central characters' perspectives. Natalie is efficient, goal-oriented, well-organized: her life is systematically laid out in 185 numbered vignettes. Leah in contrast
2376-673: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages NW (novel) NW is a 2012 novel by British author Zadie Smith . It takes its title from the NW postcode area in North-West London, where the novel is set. The novel is experimental and follows four different characters living in London, shifting between first and third person, stream-of-consciousness , screenplay-style dialogue, and other narrative techniques in an attempt to reflect
2464-481: Is generally recognised that the first examination is much more difficult than the CAPA and is dreaded by most law students. Each bar is regulated by a Bar Council ( Ordre du barreau ). A separate body of barristers exists called the avocats au Conseil d'Etat et à la Cour de Cassation . Although their legal background, training and status is the same as the all-purpose avocats, these have a monopoly over litigation taken to
2552-478: Is however purely informal and does not correspond to any difference in qualification or admission to the role. All intending attorneys must pass an examination to be able to enrol in one of the Centre régional de formation à la profession d'avocat (CRFPA) (Regional centre for the training of lawyers). The CRFPA course has a duration of two years and is a mix between classroom teachings and internships. Its culmination
2640-524: Is little overlap. In the Australian states of New South Wales , Victoria and Queensland , there is a split profession. Nevertheless, subject to conditions, barristers can accept direct access work from clients. Each state Bar Association regulates the profession and essentially has the functions of the English Inns of Court. In the states of South Australia and Western Australia , as well as
2728-408: Is mellow and prefers to go with the flow: her part of the book is dominated by stream-of-consciousness. Smith's use of this narrative technique invites comparisons to James Joyce , Virginia Woolf and John Dos Passos . The central characters' life stories are told independently, but juxtaposed in a manner that enhances mutual characterization. The use of various narrative techniques as well as
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2816-432: Is mostly a question of timing, allowing her to meet personal as well as professional objectives. The novel also highlights different attitudes towards maternal perfectionism depending on someone's milieu. In Caldwell it is enough to abstain from physical violence to be considered a decent mother. Everywhere else, everything has to be perfect and even then the mother is not guaranteed to escape judgement. Smith's style in NW
2904-721: Is no formal distinction between barristers and solicitors. All students who pass the bar examinations – offered exclusively by the Nigerian Law School – are called to the Nigerian bar, by the Body of Benchers. Lawyers may argue in any Federal trial or appellate court as well as any of the courts in Nigeria's 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. The Legal Practitioner's Act refers to Nigerian lawyers as Legal Practitioners, and following their call to
2992-670: Is not usually done for interlocutory applications. Wigs and robes are still worn in the Supreme Court and the District Court in civil matters and are dependent on the judicial officer's attire. Robes and wigs are worn in all criminal cases. In Western Australia, wigs are no longer worn in any court. Each year, the Bar Association appoints certain barristers of seniority and eminence to the rank of "Senior Counsel" (in most States and Territories) or "King's Counsel" (in
3080-406: Is relatively common for the barrister to receive the brief from the instructing solicitor to represent a client at trial only a day or two before the proceeding. Part of the reason for this is cost. A barrister is entitled to a "brief fee" when a brief is delivered, and this represents the bulk of his or her fee in relation to any trial. They are then usually entitled to a " refresher " for each day of
3168-697: Is required to maintain certain standards of conduct and professional demeanour at all times. The Bar Council of India prescribes rules of conduct to be observed by the Barristers in the courts, while interacting with clients and in non-professional settings. In the Republic of Ireland , admission to the Bar by the Chief Justice of Ireland is restricted to those on whom a Barrister-at-Law degree (BL) has first been conferred. The Honorable Society of King's Inns
3256-400: Is still a rarity in most jurisdictions, partly because barristers with narrow specialisations, or who are only really trained for advocacy, are not prepared to provide general advice to members of the public. Historically, barristers have had a major role in trial preparation, including drafting pleadings and reviewing evidence. In some areas of law, that is still the case. In other areas, it
3344-474: Is that attorneys cannot draw up public instruments that have the same force of law as notarial acts . Most large law firms in Quebec offer the full range of legal services of law firms in common-law provinces. Intending Quebec attorneys must earn a bachelor's degree in civil law, pass the provincial bar examination, and successfully complete a legal internship to be admitted to practice. Attorneys are regulated by
3432-464: Is the stage final (final training), where the intending attorney spends six months in a law firm (generally in their favoured field of practice and in a firm in which they hope to be recruited afterwards). The intending attorney then needs to pass the Certificat d'Aptitude à la Profession d'Avocat (CAPA) , which is the last professional examination allowing them to join a court's bar ( barreau ). It
3520-671: Is the Bangladesh Legal Practitioners and Bar Council Order as administered and enforced by the Bangladesh Bar Council. The Bar Council is the supreme statutory body that regulates the legal professions in Bangladesh and ensures educational standards and regulatory compliance of advocates. Newly enrolled advocates are permitted to start practice in the district courts after admission. After two years of practice, advocates may apply to practice in
3608-548: Is the only educational establishment which runs vocational courses for barristers in the Republic and degrees of Barrister-at-Law can only be conferred by King's Inns. King's Inns are also the only body with the capacity to call individuals to the bar and to disbar them. Most Irish barristers choose to be governed thereafter by the Bar of Ireland , a quasi-private entity. Senior members of the profession may be selected for elevation to
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3696-474: Is the only member of her family who is upwardly mobile. This enables her to financially support her previously convicted younger brother and her older sister's large family. Nevertheless, Natalie is regularly accused of being a " coconut " – black outside, white inside; someone who denies her origins to pander to the ruling class. Natalie feels increasingly alienated from her original community and cannot even open up to her childhood friend Leah. Nathan Bogle : As
3784-700: The Australian Capital Territory , the professions of barrister and solicitor are fused, but an independent bar nonetheless exists, regulated by the Legal Practice Board of the state or territory. In Tasmania and the Northern Territory , the profession is fused, although a very small number of practitioners operate as an independent bar. Generally, counsel dress in the traditional English manner (wig, gown, bar jacket and jabot ) before superior courts, although this
3872-530: The Bar Council of India . Under the act, the council is the supreme regulatory body for the legal profession in India, ensuring the compliance of the laws and maintenance of professional standards by the legal profession in the country. The council is authorised to pass regulations and make orders in individual cases. Each state has a bar council whose function is to enrol barristers practising predominantly within that state. Each barrister must be enrolled with
3960-535: The Bar Standards Board to conduct litigation, allowing a barrister to practice in a dual capacity. In some common law jurisdictions, such as New Zealand and some Australian states and territories, lawyers are entitled to practice both as barristers and solicitors, but it remains a separate system of qualification to practice exclusively as a barrister. In others, such as the United States ,
4048-547: The Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal ) and the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal , as a general rule, only barristers and solicitor-advocates are allowed to speak on behalf of any party in open court. This means that solicitors are restricted from doing so. In these two courts, save for hearings in chambers, barristers dress in the traditional English manner, as do the judges and other lawyers. In Hong Kong,
4136-467: The Inn of Court to which they belong. In some countries, there is external regulation. Inns of Court, where they exist, regulate admission to the profession. Inns of Court are independent societies that are responsible for the training, admission, and discipline of barristers. Where they exist, a person may only be called to the bar by an Inn, of which they must be a member. Historically, call to and success at
4224-518: The United Kingdom this is no longer true. Solicitor-advocates and qualified chartered legal executives can generally appear on behalf of clients at trial. Increasingly, law firms are keeping even the most advanced advisory and litigation work in-house for economic and client relationship reasons. Similarly, the prohibition on barristers taking instructions directly from the public has also been widely abolished. But, in practice, direct instruction
4312-465: The procureur as a separate profession was abolished and its functions merged with the legal profession in 2008. Currently, lawyers can file cases before any court, regardless of where they are registered. The only notable exception concerns civil cases brought before the Supreme Court , which have to be handled by lawyers registered at the Supreme Court, thus gaining from it the title "lawyer at
4400-425: The 14th century and during the course of the 19th and 20th in particular, French barristers competed in territorial battles over respective areas of legal practice against the conseil juridique (legal advisor, transactional solicitor) and avoué (procedural solicitor), and expanded to become the generalist legal practitioner, with the notable exception of notaires (notaries), who are ministry appointed lawyers (with
4488-433: The Bar , Nigerian lawyers enter their names in the register or Roll of Legal Practitioners kept at the Supreme Court. For this reason, a Nigerian lawyer is often referred to as a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, and many Nigerian lawyers term themselves Barrister-at-Law with the postnominal initials "B.L". The vast majority of Nigerian lawyers combine contentious and non-contentious work, although there
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#17327660783364576-469: The Bar of Ireland's Law Library. To practise under the Bar of Ireland's rules, a newly qualified barrister is apprenticed to an experienced barrister of at least seven years' experience. This apprenticeship is known as pupillage or devilling . Devilling is compulsory for those barristers who wish to be members of the Law Library and lasts for one legal year. It is common to devil for a second year in
4664-558: The British Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man , the word barrister is also regarded as an honorific title. In a few jurisdictions, barristers are usually forbidden from "conducting" litigation, and can only act on the instructions of another lawyer, who perform tasks such as corresponding with parties and the court, and drafting court documents. In England and Wales, barristers may seek authorization from
4752-540: The Canadian legal profession, lawyers often term themselves as "litigators" (or "barristers"), or as "solicitors", depending on the nature of their law practice though some may in effect practise as both litigators and solicitors. However, "litigators" would generally perform all litigation functions traditionally performed by barristers and solicitors; in contrast, those terming themselves "solicitors" would generally limit themselves to legal work not involving practice before
4840-611: The High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh by passing the Bar Council Examination. Only advocates who are barristers in the United Kingdom may use the title of barrister. In Canada (except Quebec ), the professions of barrister and solicitor are fused, and many lawyers refer to themselves with both names, even if they do not practise in both areas. In colloquial parlance within
4928-564: The Inner Bar, when they may describe themselves as Senior Counsel ("SC"). All barristers who have not been called to the Inner Bar are known as Junior Counsel (and are identified by the postnominal initials "BL"), regardless of age or experience. Admission to the Inner Bar is made by declaration before the Supreme Court , patents of precedence having been granted by the Government . Irish barristers are sole practitioners and may not form chambers or partnerships if they wish to remain members of
5016-547: The Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia). Such barristers carry the title "SC" or "KC" after their name. The appointments are made after a process of consultation with members of the profession and the judiciary. Senior Counsel appear in particularly complex or difficult cases. They make up about 14 per cent of the bar in New South Wales. In Bangladesh, the law relating to barristers
5104-497: The Quebec Law Society ( Barreau du Québec ). In France, avocats , or attorneys, were, until the 20th century, the equivalent of barristers. The profession included several grades ranked by seniority: avocat-stagiaire (trainee, who was already qualified but needed to complete two years (or more, depending on the period) of training alongside seasoned lawyers), avocat , and avocat honoraire (emeritus barrister). Since
5192-557: The Supreme Court". In New Zealand, the professions are not formally fused but practitioners are enrolled in the High Court as "Barristers and Solicitors". They may choose, however, to practice as barristers sole. About 15% practice solely as barristers, mainly in the larger cities and usually in "chambers" (following the British terminology). They receive "instructions" from other practitioners, at least nominally. They usually conduct
5280-479: The applicant must be a holder of a law degree from a recognised institution in India (or from one of the four recognised universities in the United Kingdom). Second, they must pass the enrolment qualifications of the bar council of the state they seek to be enrolled in. Through regulation, the Bar Council of India also ensures the standard of education required for practising in India is met with. A barrister
5368-411: The bar, to a large degree, depended upon social connections made early in life. A bar collectively describes all members of the profession of barrister within a given jurisdiction. While as a minimum the bar is an association embracing all its members, it is usually the case, either de facto or de jure , that the bar is invested with regulatory powers over the manner in which barristers practice. In
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#17327660783365456-596: The book received an "omniscore" of 3.5 out of 5. In an aggregation of British and American press on Culture Critic , the book received a score of 74%. On Bookmarks November/December 2012 issue, a magazine that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received a [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] (3.0 out of 5) based on critic reviews with a critical summary saying, "But NW still showcases Smith's innate grasp of social issues and magical, ironic prose--even if it won't be to everyone's liking". One particular critic who praised
5544-465: The book was James Wood , who criticised Smith's early work for its tendency towards what he called hysterical realism . Wood included the novel in his "Best Books of 2012" and commented that "underneath the formal experimentation runs a steady, clear, realistic genius. Smith is a great urban realist... the best novel she has yet written." Writing in the Daily Telegraph , Philip Hensher gave
5632-450: The common law tradition, the respective roles of a lawyer, as legal adviser and advocate, were formally split into two separate, regulated sub-professions. Historically, the distinction was absolute, but in the modern age, some countries that had a split legal profession now have a fused profession . In practice, the distinction in split jurisdictions may be minor, or marked. In some jurisdictions, such as Australia, Scotland and Ireland, there
5720-467: The confrontation and lies about no longer taking her birth control. Although Leah is generally at peace with the choices she has made so far and therefore should have little reason to envy Natalie, she's increasingly ill-at-ease with her successful friend's new-found wealth and status. Felix Cooper : After struggling with drug addiction for years, Felix is about to turn his life around. He cuts ties with people from his drug-dominated past and makes plans for
5808-454: The court at which they were registered. Cases falling under the jurisdiction of another court had to be filed by a procureur registered at that court, in practice often another lawyer exercising both functions. Questions were raised on the necessity of the separation, given the fact that its main purpose – the preservation of the quality of the legal profession and observance of local court rules and customs – had become obsolete. For that reason,
5896-482: The courts (not even in a preparatory manner as performed by solicitors in England), though some might practise before chambers judges. As is the practice in many other Commonwealth jurisdictions such as Australia, Canadian litigators are gowned, but without a wig, when appearing before courts of superior jurisdiction. All law graduates from Canadian law schools, and certified internationally qualified lawyers, can apply to
5984-683: The distinction between barristers and other types of lawyers does not exist at all. A barrister is a lawyer who represents a litigant as an advocate before a court. A barrister speaks in court and presents the case before a judge, with or without a jury. In some jurisdictions, a barrister receives additional training in evidence law, ethics, and court practice and procedure. In contrast, other legal professionals (such as solicitors) generally meet with clients, perform preparatory and administrative work, and provide legal advice. Barristers often have little or no direct contact with their clients. All correspondence, inquiries, invoices, and so on, will be addressed to
6072-420: The frequent change of perspective create a tension between internal and external views on the characters. While Smith places an emphasis on the interior, with characters like Leah, Natalie and Felix, she deliberately refrains from guiding readers' sympathies towards Nathan, neglecting to portray his inner life. She aims for Nathan to remain a stranger to readers, in order to confront them with their reaction to such
6160-441: The highly competitive society of Natalie's London, belonging to an ethnic minority no longer guarantees any form of mutual solidarity. Tensions between the different classes of London remain prevalent in the face of increasing disparities in income (and other forms of wealth inequality) even as ambitious immigrants join the upper class via their own wealth accumulation. In a world with an increasing variety of lifestyle choices,
6248-445: The issue of self examination gains importance. Leah, who sees no appeal in the traditional maternal role, rejecting still widespread societal expectations, cuts to the core of this new liberty: "I am the sole author of the dictionary that defines me." This freedom of self-definition however also comes with increased responsibility. Getting to choose means having to carefully consider your choices and having more occasion for doubts. In NW,
6336-880: The issue. In most countries, barristers operate as sole practitioners and are prohibited from forming partnerships or from working as a barrister as part of a corporation. In 2009, the Clemens Report recommended the abolition of this restriction in England and Wales. However, barristers normally band together into barristers' chambers to share clerks (administrators) and operating expenses. Some chambers grow to be large and sophisticated. In some jurisdictions, barristers may be employed by firms and companies as in-house legal advisers . In court, barristers may be visibly distinguished from solicitors, chartered legal executives, and other legal practitioners by their apparel. For example, in criminal courts in Ireland, England, and Wales,
6424-572: The legal adviser, who is also primarily responsible for the barrister's fees. In England and Wales, solicitors and chartered legal executives can support barristers when in court, such as managing through the managing of large volumes of documents in the case or negotiating a settlement outside the courtroom. A barrister will usually have rights of audience in the higher courts, whereas other legal professionals will often have more limited access, or will need to acquire additional qualifications to have such access. As in common law countries in which there
6512-429: The man who called her. Shortly thereafter, Leah learns of a local man's brutal murder during Notting Hill Carnival . The incidents lead her to question her trust in the community and her own life's work. Part 2 – "guest": Former drug addict Felix Cooper wants to start a new life with his girlfriend, Grace. Formerly a successful chef, he bowed to pressure from his Rastafarian father and uncle to quit his job to go into
6600-408: The men in his efforts to persuade one of them to move his feet, to allow the woman to sit down. After Felix departs the train, the men follow him and rob him. When Felix refuses to hand over a pair of zirconium earrings that were a gift from Grace, one of the men impulsively stabs him to death. Part 3 - "host" : Keisha "Natalie" Blake has met every goal she ever set for herself. She graduated from
6688-621: The novel five stars, describing it as "a joyous, optimistic, angry masterpiece, and no better English novel will be published this year, or, probably, next." Award-winning novelist Anne Enright reviewed the book for the New York Times , arguing that "the result is that rare thing, a book that is radical and passionate and real." The novel was adapted into a 2016 television film by the BBC directed by Saul Dibb and written by Rachel Bennette , starring Nikki Amuka-Bird and Phoebe Fox . It
6776-443: The polyphonic nature of contemporary urban life. It was nominated for the 2013 Women's Prize for Fiction . Set in the northwest of London , England, four locals — Leah Hanwell, Natalie (born Keisha) Blake, Felix Cooper, and Nathan Bogle — try to make adult lives outside of Caldwell, the working-class council estate where they grew up. While Leah has not managed to venture far from her childhood location, her best friend Natalie, now
6864-541: The possibility of being the sole author of your own life is portrayed as a blessing and a curse at the same time. Self-examination, however, does not always protect against delusion. In a quest to be all things to all people, a person can lose sight of their innermost self. In contrast to Leah, Natalie has always tried her best to meet societal expectations – in her role as daughter, sister, mother, wife, lawyer, rich person, poor person, Briton and Jamaican. Each of these roles demands its own costume. Natalie comes to see them as
6952-457: The proceedings in their entirety. Any lawyer may apply to become a King's Counsel (KC) to recognize the long-standing contribution to the legal profession but this status is only conferred on those practicing as solicitors in exceptional circumstances. This step referred to as "being called to the inner bar" or "taking silk", is considered highly prestigious and has been a step in the career of many New Zealand judges. Unlike other jurisdictions,
7040-485: The rank of King's Counsel was granted prior to the handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. After the handover, the rank has been replaced by Senior Counsel post-nominal letters : SC. Senior Counsel may still, however, style themselves as silks, like their British counterparts. In India , the law relating to barristers is the Advocates Act, 1961, which is administered and enforced by
7128-459: The relevant provincial law society for admission. A year of articling as a student supervised by a qualified lawyer and the passing of provincial bar exams are also required for an individual to be called to bar as a barrister and solicitor. The situation is somewhat different in Quebec as a result of its civil law tradition. The profession of solicitor, or avoué , never took hold in colonial Quebec, so attorneys ( avocats ) have traditionally been
7216-421: The site of Felix's murder, which startles Natalie. Nathan makes reference to a violent acquaintance of his named Tyler; it becomes apparent that Nathan and Tyler were the men who robbed Felix, though Tyler actually committed the murder. She later accompanies Nathan to a tube station where she sees him receive stolen goods from Shar and another woman, whom Nathan implies work for him as prostitutes. Natalie wanders to
7304-509: The start of the book. Leah Hanwell : Her parents are from Ireland and were able to provide a stable home for Leah. Unlike her best friend Natalie, Leah has never been very ambitious and still lives in her old neighbourhood. She is content with her job, working for an organisation distributing lottery earnings to social projects and still very attracted to her husband Michel, a Frenchman with Algerian roots. But while Leah does not want her life to change, Michel wants children. Leah has been avoiding
7392-483: The supreme courts, in civil, criminal or administrative matters. In Germany, no distinction between barristers and solicitors is made. Lawyers may plead at all courts except the civil branch of the Federal Court of Justice ( Bundesgerichtshof ), to which fewer than fifty lawyers are admitted. Those lawyers, who deal almost exclusively with litigation, may not plead at other courts and are usually instructed by
7480-470: The term "junior barrister" is popularly used to refer to a lawyer who holds a practicing certificate as a barrister, but is employed by another, more senior barrister. Generally, junior barristers are within their first five years of practice and are not yet qualified to practice as barristers sole. Barristers sole (i.e. barristers who are not employed by another barrister) who are not King's Counsel are never referred to as junior barristers. In Nigeria , there
7568-437: The trial after the first, but if a case is settled before trial, the barrister is not needed and the brief fee would be wasted. Some solicitors avoid this by delaying delivery of the brief until it is certain the case will go to trial. Some benefits of maintaining the split include: Some disadvantages of the split include: Barristers are regulated by the Bar for the jurisdiction where they practice, and in some countries, by
7656-479: The upwardly mobile, socially conservative "Natalie" persona she has crafted for herself and which she has come to feel increasingly trapped by. Hoping to find an escape, she arranges a series of disastrous sexual encounters online with couples via swingers sites. On the night of the Notting Hill Carnival, Natalie's husband learns of her double life and they have a disastrous argument that culminates in Natalie suffering
7744-701: Was broadcast on BBC Two on 14 November 2016. Barrister Ireland: Barrister-at-Law degree with pupillage A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions . Barristers mostly specialize in courtroom advocacy and litigation . Their tasks include arguing cases in courts and tribunals , drafting legal pleadings , researching the law and giving legal opinions. Barristers are distinguished from solicitors and other types of lawyers (e.g. chartered legal executives) who have more direct access to clients, and may do transactional legal work. In some legal systems, including those of South Africa , Scandinavia , Pakistan , India , Bangladesh , and
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