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93-448: No Highway is a 1948 novel by Nevil Shute . It formed the basis of the 1951 film No Highway in the Sky . A scientist has been claiming that certain parts of a new aircraft called a Reindeer will develop metal fatigue sooner than officially estimated, but nobody takes him seriously. While flying to the site of an air crash that killed a Soviet ambassador, he discovers that his own plane

186-461: A CBS made-for-television movie, in 1990; On the Beach in 1959 and again in 2000 as a two-part miniseries; and No Highway in 1951. A Town Like Alice was adapted into a film in 1956, serialised for Australian television in 1981, and also broadcast on BBC Radio 2 in 1997 starring Jason Connery , Becky Hindley , Bernard Hepton and Virginia McKenna . Shute's 1952 novel The Far Country

279-661: A Spanish bar hostess in the Balkans ( Ruined City ) or a brilliant but unworldly boffin ( No Highway ). His novels are in three main clusters: early pre-war flying adventures; Second World War tales; and stories set in Australia. Another recurrent theme is the bridging of social barriers such as class ( Lonely Road and Landfall ), race ( The Chequer Board ), or religion ( Round the Bend ). The Australian novels are individual hymns to that country, with subtle disparagement of

372-405: A clairvoyant. Mita Koichi (1885–1943), a psychic and Deguchi Onisaburo (1871–1948) Leader of Ohmoto, a Japanese Shinto sect who practised channelling known as Chinkon-kijin. Japan also has its own traditional form or table turning or ouija called kokkuri and spirits beings are called yokai in its folklore. Other Japanese religious leaders claiming to channel spirits include Ryuho Okawa of

465-606: A form of language. Rajasthanis are possessed by a range of spiritual entities. Some of these are judged good and beneficial, some evil. Trance mediumship and channelling are also practised by the unrelated new religious movement called, the Brahma Kumaris who have their headquarters in the state. Noted as early as 1850 by J. R. Logan in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago IV. 552 who illustrated

558-636: A hobby, driving a white Jaguar XK140 . Some of this experience found its way into his book On the Beach . Shute died in Melbourne in 1960 after a stroke. Norway Road and Nevil Shute Road at Portsmouth Airport, Hampshire were both named after him. Shute Avenue in Berwick, Victoria was named after him, when the farm used for filming the 1959 film On the Beach was subdivided for housing. The public library in Alice Springs , Northern Territory

651-417: A lake, Dancing Bear Water, 30 or 40 miles back along the flight path of the lost aircraft, and there, in due course, they find the tailplane. Its front spar root reveals a classic fatigue fracture. The find vindicates Honey's theory and makes him a minor hero in aviation circles – to which he is indifferent. His early warning even allows for a timely redesign by the manufacturers, ensuring no loss of service of

744-524: A little ship that he would be the senior naval officer and "have to do something". So he ended up in the Directorate of Miscellaneous Weapons Development . There he was a head of engineering, working on secret weapons such as Panjandrum , a job that appealed to the engineer in him. He also developed the Rocket Spear , an anti-submarine missile with a fluted cast iron head. After the first U-boat

837-597: A number of literary hoaxes undertaken by non-Indians such as Carlos Castaneda and Jamake Highwater . Several Native Americans have also sought to exploit interest in Native American spiritualism, writing distortions of indigenous spiritual practices and knowledge for consumption in the mass market. This situation has been attacked by legitimate Indian scholars and by activists such as the American Indian Movement , Survival of American Indians and

930-470: A pound." Several of Shute's novels explored the boundary between accepted science and rational belief, on the one hand, and mystical or paranormal possibilities, including reincarnation , on the other hand. Shute did this by including elements of fantasy and science fiction in novels that were considered mainstream. They included Buddhist astrology and folk prophecy in The Chequer Board ;

1023-415: A variety of cultures. Spiritualistic traditions appear deeply rooted in shamanism and perhaps are one of the oldest forms of religion. Mediumship is a modern form of shamanism and such ideas are very much like those developed by Edward Burnett Tylor in his theory of animism ; in which there are other parallel worlds to our own, though invisible to us and not accessible to us in our state. A psychic

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1116-405: A widower, does not live a conventional British life, and is bringing up his young daughter, Elspeth, alone. He is engaged in research on the fatigue of aluminium airframes . He is currently investigating possible failure in the high aspect ratio tailplane of a new airliner, the fictional "Rutland Reindeer". Honey is nervous and distrusting of the 'new broom', is unimpressive in appearance and

1209-582: Is "Pentecostal by Birth, Spiritual by Lifestyle, Apostolic by Experience, and Christian by Demand. A Spiritual Church... On a Spiritual Foundation... Walking in the Supernatural...," and Universal Hagar's Spiritual Church, founded in the 1920s. French spiritualism, better known as Spiritism ; popular throughout France and Latin American countries. Its foremost researcher and author is Allan Kardec . Spiritualist beliefs are found from time to time in

1302-404: Is a Reindeer which has already flown twice its permitted number of hours. He uses his technical knowledge to sabotage it as soon as it lands, putting his credibility further in doubt. The plot weaves together many themes, such as attitudes to safety, conflicts of interest between management and professionals, Cold War diplomacy , single parenthood and clairvoyance, before the scientist’s theory

1395-505: Is finally vindicated. As the novel appears to presage some later real-life disasters and is based on just-emerging knowledge of metal fatigue, it is said to be one of few novels to reveal a new engineering truth. Shute was a pioneer aircraft designer and co-founder of the aircraft construction company Airspeed Ltd . The narrator is Dr Scott, brought in to downsize his department, and the plot concerns his consideration of Theodore Honey, who initially comes across as an unlikely hero. Mr Honey,

1488-652: Is generally referred to as Vodun (or anglicised to Voodoo). Spirit mediumship and spirit possession are fairly common practices in Sub-Saharan Africa, both in traditional religions and in Christian contexts. As is the norm, the term spiritualism and spiritism are used generally and interchangeably to describe indigenous spiritualistic practises. Spiritism, spiritualism, and spiritual churches have been established in Ghana and Nigeria. Following similar trends of

1581-488: Is known for his ancient traditions and cultures . In 'A Tale of goddesses, money, and other terribly wonderful things: spirit possession, commodity fetishism, and the narrative of capitalism in Rajasthan', anthropologist J.G. Snodgrass explores the use of spiritualism amongst Rajasthani performing communities arguing for an appreciation of the way religious forms, and particularly the use of spiritual possessions, represent

1674-510: Is one of its foremost cases. Familiar with the teachings of Swedenborg , and interest evoked by contemporary German clairvoyants, in Paris of his day Cahagnet stood almost alone belonging to no school. For the advent of Modern Spiritualism in America, Cahagnet would have found few readers but his documentation of his work with the medium Adele Maginot were at once amongst the most remarkable and

1767-461: Is possible for an aluminium alloy structure to fail long before the design lifetime predicted by the usual design standards. He is using a spare tailplane from a Reindeer aircraft in a fatigue test . Honey's theory predicts that the metal at the root of the tailplane will suffer from metal fatigue and fail with a crystalline fracture. Before Dr Scott's arrival, despite Honey's concerns, the aircraft had recently been allowed into service. Honey's work

1860-728: Is practised but not condoned in Islamic societies. The Sufi sect of Dervishes are referred to as "Eastern Spiritualists". Likewise, the Zār cult of North Africa (Sudan, Egypt) and the Middle East (Iran). The phenomena of Spiritualism consist of; prophecy, clairvoyance , clairaudience, gift of tongues, laying on of hands, healing, visions, trance, apports, revelations, raps, levitation, automatic and independent writing and painting, photography, materialization, psychometry, direct and independent voice, and any other manifestation lending support to

1953-459: Is regarded as likely to falsify his far-fetched theory, rather than raising a significant safety issue. But the newly arrived Mr Scott links it with the recent crash of a Reindeer carrying the Soviet ambassador, which had total flying hours close to Honey's estimate, and which crashed in northeastern Quebec . The crash report, including photographs, is inconclusive, and Scott feels that the remains of

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2046-481: Is so intensely focused on his work that his relations with the outside world – never that good to begin with – suffer badly. Throughout the story, people judge him by that appearance, or by his varied and unconventional outside interests, such as pyramidology , the study of possible esoteric interpretations of the Pyramids. Honey has predicted, by a (fictional) theory supposedly related to quantum mechanics , that it

2139-447: Is still seen as a challenge. Many reference works [2] also use the term spiritism to mean the same thing as "spiritualism" but Spiritism is more accurately used to mean Kardecist spiritism . Central to adherents' faith is a belief that spirits of the dead communicate with the living usually through a medium . The word also takes on specific alternative meanings in various differing fields of academia , see below. Spiritualism

2232-656: Is the Nevil Shute Memorial Library. In the Readers' List of the Modern Library 100 Best Novels of the 20th century, A Town Like Alice came in at number 17, Trustee from the Toolroom at 27, and On the Beach at 56. Spiritualism (beliefs) It is also a term commonly used for various psychic or paranormal practices and beliefs recorded throughout humanity's history and in

2325-585: Is the type of Espiritismo that made its way to US. The old line Eggungun form of service has not made much headway on the mainland. Séances, in Latino cultures, are called misas . Santería , more properly called La Regla Lucumi (as the Yoruba were called in Cuba) is famous for its magic based on a knowledge of spirits and how to interact with them. Definitions of spirit possession, channelling and mediumship within

2418-410: Is to be one of the connecting links between these worlds. A psychic is defined as someone endowed with exceptional sensitivity to the occult dimension, who experiences visions and revelations. Some authors have stated only few individuals are said to have this capacity. Spiritualism is the belief that spirits are able to communicate with the living by agency of a medium. The earliest recorded use of

2511-616: Is used in English to mean either; "Modern Spiritualism", or "Modern American Spiritualism" is used to refer to an Anglo-American religious movement having its golden age between the 1840s and 1920s but which continues on to this day. The Nine Principles of the National Spiritualist Association of Churches, USA are; Spiritualism has been related to the practices of early Christianity and has developed into an additional form of Christian Spiritualism, e.g.

2604-476: The de Havilland Aircraft Company . He used his pen-name as an author to protect his engineering career from any potentially adverse publicity in connection with his novels. Dissatisfied with the lack of opportunities for advancement, he took a position in 1924 with Vickers Ltd. , where he was involved with the development of airships , working as Chief Calculator ( stress engineer ) on the R100 airship project for

2697-639: The "Three Religions" (Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism), the "Five Religions" or even the former three plus Christianity and Islam. Most Hsien-tien Tao groups rely heavily on spirit-writing as a means of communicating with "the Mother" as well as lower-ranking deities. Amongst practitioners, the T'zu-hui Tang differ from the other Hsien-t'ien Tao sects, which were all originally based on the Chinese mainland, in that it originated in Taiwan in post-World War II years. It

2790-424: The 1930s aboard the dirigible R100 , on whose development he had worked as a member of the design team under Barnes Wallis . One observer has suggested that Shute may have been influenced in his description of the crash site by the 1946 crash at Hare Mountain (later Crash Hill), Newfoundland, of a Douglas C-54E which killed 39 people. The title is taken from The Wanderer by John Masefield which Shute quotes at

2883-603: The Beach and A Town Like Alice . Shute was born in Somerset Road, Ealing (which was then in Middlesex ), in the house described in his novel Trustee from the Toolroom . He was educated at the Dragon School , Shrewsbury School and Balliol College, Oxford ; he graduated from Oxford in 1922 with a third-class degree in engineering science. Shute was the son of Arthur Hamilton Norway, who became head of

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2976-459: The Brazilian 'cultos' is recognised to correspond with what appears to be the majority view as described by ethnographers of spirit possession worldwide. There are a number of descriptions available concerning what happens when someone becomes possessed. Practises brought over by African slaves from West Africa, Mixed with indigenous South American tradition to develop their own flavour. During

3069-563: The Director of the RAE before offering Elspeth some feminine care and affection. Her affection for Honey is obvious, but she realises it is not to be – she cannot give him children or sustain him in his work. She is rapidly followed by Corder, who bears Honey's letter of resignation to Scott and her own account of the events in Gander. By the time Honey returns, Scott has left for Canada to retrieve

3162-548: The Director refuses to send it to Scott, and a heated exchange follows. The Director points out that "the bear" could just as plausibly refer merely to the Soviet Union and that the message tells them no more than they already know. With Corder's and Samuelson's help and their C.A.T.O. contacts, Honey manages to have the message passed to Scott in the Canadian woods. Scott and his party work out that "the bear" could refer to

3255-560: The Gods: explaining multiple divination methods in an Afro-Brazilian religious tradition'. In Puerto Rico, trance mediums feature in is spiritism and in Cuba, syncretic spiritualistic practises similar to Santería are called Santerfa and enjoy an estimated five million Hispanic American followers. Spiritualism is also practised within India in both modern and ancient forms involving contacting

3348-457: The Japanese new religious movement Kofuku-no-Kagaku, or Happy Science , who claims to channeled the spirits of Muhammad , Christ , Buddha , and Confucius . In Samoa, Java, Tonga etc. distinctions are made between god-like and spirit-like beings, with gods representing the moral order and spirits dealing with periphery issues, both through channelling, mediumship and possession. Authors note

3441-794: The Post Office in Ireland before the First World War and was based at the General Post Office, Dublin in 1916 at the time of the Easter Rising , and his wife Mary Louisa Gadsden. Shute himself was later commended for his role as a stretcher-bearer during the rising. His grandmother Georgina Norway was a novelist. Shute attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich , and trained as a gunner. He

3534-488: The R100 and R101 as a primary illustration of his thesis that governments are usually incompetent managers of technology projects. In 1931, with the cancellation of the R100 project, Shute teamed up with the talented de Havilland-trained designer A. Hessell Tiltman to found the aircraft construction company Airspeed Ltd . A site was available in a former trolleybus garage on Piccadilly, York . Despite setbacks, including

3627-529: The RNVR. Shute's first novel, Stephen Morris , was written in 1923, but not published until 1961 (with its 1924 sequel, Pilotage ). His first published novel was Marazan , which came out in 1926. After that he averaged one novel every two years until the 1950s, with the exception of a six-year hiatus while he was establishing his own aircraft construction company, Airspeed Ltd. Sales of his books grew slowly with each novel, but he became much better known after

3720-623: The Reindeer can best be imagined to resemble the Bristol Brabazon , whose future development would also have included jet power, and Shute notes this late in the novel. It is described as a low-wing monoplane with a nosewheel-type undercarriage and a single tail. In the movie, Assegai Mk.1 powered by a Boreus afterburning turbojet. At the end of the novel this aircraft is under investigation by Dr Scott because three of them have been lost through transonic disintegration. This parallels

3813-553: The Reindeer unfit for service, and in desperation, he disables it by raising its undercarriage while it is standing on the tarmac, leaving the aircraft damaged and unable to move. Honey is recalled to Farnborough after this sabotage, but he is delayed because C.A.T.O., the fictional operator of the damaged aircraft, refuses to carry him. While he is away, trouble arises on a second front. For the duration of his trip, he has left Elspeth in their shabby, neglected home in Farnham, with only

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3906-625: The Reindeers over the Atlantic and allowing the safety issue to be hushed-up. But Dr Scott goes on to take safety more seriously than had been previous practice. Corder and Honey finally marry one another. Rutland Reindeer : Built by the Rutland Aircraft Company, in service with C.A.T.O, then regularly plying the Atlantic. Powered by eight engines with four contra-rotating propellers (four nacelles carrying two engines each),

3999-714: The Royal Aircraft Establishment consider the RAF obliged to accept the risk of carrying a potentially unhinged person as part of their regular flying duties. Part of the novel is set in Canada (and in the Dominion of Newfoundland which had not yet, in the year 1949, become a part of Canada ), a country that was very much "the Northern American land of dreams" for Shute—following his visit there in

4092-699: The Vickers subsidiary Airship Guarantee Company. In 1929, he was promoted to deputy chief engineer of the R100 project under Barnes Wallis . When Wallis left the project, Shute became the chief engineer. The R100 was a prototype for passenger-carrying airships that would serve the needs of Britain's empire. The government-funded but privately developed R100 made a successful 1930 round trip to Canada . While in Canada it made trips from Montreal to Ottawa , Toronto, and Niagara Falls . The fatal 1930 crash near Beauvais , France, of its government-developed counterpart R101 ended British interest in dirigibles . The R100

4185-590: The West was introduced to Japan by Wasaburou Asano (1874–1937). Wasaburou established the Society for Spiritual Science Research in Japan and is recognized as creating modern Japanese Spiritualism. His successor Takeo Waki further developing the movement. Later Hiroyoshi Kuwahara created Neo Spiritualism which combined Japanese Spiritualism with the content of British spirit messages. Japan Psychic Science Association (JPSA)

4278-596: The aircraft must be physically examined. Honey is sent to Canada to examine the debris of the crash, travelling on board a Reindeer aircraft on which he meets the two heroines of the novel, Corder and Teasdale. During the flight, Honey discovers from the cockpit crew that the flying hours of this aircraft are twice those of any other Reindeer in service, and are close to his predicted failure time. He becomes increasingly anxious for its safety. He confides in Teasdale, whose films he admires, and goes on to give her some advice on

4371-528: The best-attested documents on which the early case for Spiritualism depended. Representations of Native Americans images have played a significant role in nineteenth and twentieth century spiritualism although in reality Natives and their tradition have suffered considerably under the influences of competing Christian churches . Since 1970, there have been a number of individuals purporting to sell Native American spiritualism, sometimes called '"American Indian Spiritualism." The spread of these beliefs began with

4464-450: The continuity of life after death. Such universal practises and the giving of spiritual guidance, the different manifestations of spiritualistic activities were categorised by Sir William Crookes, a highly distinguished British physicist and chemist, as being: Women have historically had a fairly constant interest in the spirit world. Spiritualism's current popularity in the West is a result of women having more power and visibility, giving

4557-571: The different forms of spiritualism which prevailed in Eastern Asia at that time". Henry Olcott of the Theosophical Society went to length to draw correlations between Eastern spiritualistic practises and Modern Spiritualism. Hsien-t'ien Tao sects claim to represent a way (Tao) that transcends and unites all other religions. Explicit syncretism is a noticeable feature of these groups who claim that their teachings aim to unify

4650-509: The early literature of the French " magnetists ". As early as 1787 M. Tardy de Montravel wrote that in the trance the soul of the "somnambule" became freed from its body and was able to intercourse with other spirits. Dr G.P. Billot, and J. P. F. Deleuze and recorded discussing and documenting seances from the 1820s. Of the early French Spiritualist, Alphonse Cahagnet, publisher of spirit messages such as "Arcanes de la vie future devoiles" (1848),

4743-640: The effective use of a planchette in No Highway; a messiah figure in Round the Bend ; reincarnation, science fiction, and Aboriginal psychic powers in In the Wet. Twenty-four of his novels and novellas have been published. Many of his books have been adapted for the screen, including Lonely Road in 1936; Landfall: A Channel Story in 1949; Pied Piper in 1942 and again in 1959, and also as Crossing to Freedom,

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4836-401: The first time in my life I saw how people live in an English-speaking country outside England." Although he intended to remain in Australia, he did not apply for Australian citizenship , which was at that time a mere formality because he was a British citizen . In the 1950s and 1960s he was one of the world's best-selling novelists. Between 1956 and 1958 in Australia, he took up car racing as

4929-444: The grave. These spirits are fully sentient beings who retain social and emotional ties with their earthly homes and families. They occupy a liminal space between this world and the afterlife. During this liminal period, spirits must learn how to "be dead", while the living struggle to reconcile themselves to the corporeal death and new spiritual life of the departed. Spirit possession and other forms of spirit communication, including

5022-418: The honest artisans and their social integrity and contributions to society more than the contributions of the upper classes. Aviation and engineering provide the backdrop for many of Shute's novels. He identified how engineering, science, and design could improve human life and more than once used the anonymous epigram, "It has been said an engineer is a man who can do for ten shillings what any fool can do for

5115-638: The innovation of developing a hydraulic retractable undercarriage for the Airspeed Courier , and his work on R100, Shute was made a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society . On 7 March 1931, Shute married Frances Mary Heaton, a 28-year-old medical practitioner. They had two daughters, (Heather) Felicity and Shirley. By the outbreak of the Second World War, Shute was a rising novelist. Even as war seemed imminent he

5208-678: The late Gerald Wilkenson, head of the National Indian Youth Council. Spiritualism in the Caribbean has taken different roads of expression based on its contact with other religious systems. In urban areas, for example, Spiritualists were highly literate and more apt to indulge the concepts of foreign authors. In the rural areas, however, illiteracy was widespread and practitioners held a diverse array of beliefs and practices. In Cuba , for instance, two fundamental variants of espiritism exist: La Mesa Blanca Spiritualism

5301-483: The late development of the Gloster Meteor , whose later versions featured powerful engines providing more thrust than the airframe was designed to accommodate. They also suffered from transonic buffeting in powered dives; two were lost to tail separation. The problem in the latter cases was that the aircraft had not been designed using the transonic area rule , its aerodynamics being unsuited to stable flight in

5394-879: The manuscript incomplete. According to Dan Telfair in the foreword of the 2002 edition, some of the themes in The Seafarers and Blind Understanding were used in Shute's 1955 novel Requiem for a Wren . In 1948, Shute flew his own Percival Proctor aeroplane to Australia and back, accompanied by the writer James Riddell , who published a book, Flight of Fancy, based on the trip, in 1950. On his return, concerned about what he saw as he "felt oppressed by British taxation", he decided that he and his family would move to Australia. In 1950, he settled with his wife and two daughters on farmland at Langwarrin , south-east of Melbourne . Remembering his 1930 trip to Canada and his decision to immigrate to Australia, he wrote, in 1954, "For

5487-586: The mores of the United States ( Beyond the Black Stump ) and overt antipathy towards the post-World War II socialist government of Shute's native Britain ( The Far Country and In the Wet ). Shute's heroes tended to be like himself: middle-class solicitors, doctors, accountants, bank managers, and engineers—generally university graduates. However (as in Trustee from the Toolroom ), Shute valued

5580-446: The novel was released in 1951, starring James Stewart as Honey, Jack Hawkins as Scott, and Marlene Dietrich as Teasdale. The film was released as No Highway in the Sky in the United States and elsewhere. It presents Mr Honey as odd rather than being nervous at possible dismissal. No Highway , a radio adaptation dramatised by Mike Walker with Paul Ritter as Honey, William Beck as Scott, and Fenella Woolgar as Teasdale

5673-458: The popular use of ouija boards, help to facilitate the process of "becoming dead" on both sides of the cosmological divide. Spiritualistic practices play an important role in helping individuals to understand death as a journey when it is also marked by social rupture and the problems of grief and attachment. In Australia, Aborigine tribes in Victoria called spirits Mrarts, understood to be

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5766-423: The publication of his third to last book, On the Beach , in 1957. Shute's novels are written in a simple, highly readable style, with clearly delineated plot lines. Where there is a romantic element, sex is referred to only obliquely. Many of the stories are introduced by a narrator who is not a character in the story. The most common theme in Shute's novels is the dignity of work , spanning all classes, whether

5859-500: The safest place to go in the aircraft in the event of a crash. Despite his alarm, he remains persuasive and sincere, and impresses Corder and Teasdale. He also impresses the pilot, Samuelson, who knew the captain of the recently crashed Reindeer and had rejected with scorn the official inquiry's conclusion that the crash was the result of pilot error. During a heated discussion during a stopover at Gander International Airport , Honey realises that he has failed to persuade anyone to declare

5952-577: The size of girders in German airships. The calculations for just one transverse frame of the R100 could take two or three months, and the solution '"almost amounted to a religious experience." But later he wrote that '"the disaster was the product of the system rather than the men at Cardington"; the one thing that was proved is that "government officials are totally ineffective in engineering development" and any weapons (they develop) will be bad weapons. The R101 made one short test flight in perfect weather, and

6045-543: The souls of " Black Fellows dead and gone", not demons unattached. The mediums, now very scarce, are Birraarks who were consulted as to matters present and future, whose practises include the 'spirit-rapping' known to the Modern Spiritualists and whistles, heard in certain Brazilian séances. The Māoris' specialty was 'trance utterance', the Tohungas being mediums. West-African Kongol and Bantu tradition

6138-413: The spirit world a prominence in society that it previously had only during spiritualism's "boom" periods when men became interested. Historically, the majority of mediums for tromba spirits amongst the Sakalava have also been adult women, usually in their forties or older and is likewise associated with female status. In general, a Sakalava ritual in which the spirits must be fed, cannot be performed if

6231-474: The spirits of the dead survive mortal life, and that sentient beings from spiritual worlds can and do communicate with the living. Since ancient times, this has been an element in traditional indigenous religions . In today's world, it is a growing phenomenon manifesting itself in traditional indigenous religiosity on all continents through non-aligned spiritualistic groups and many syncretistic movements and within elements of orthodox religions by which it

6324-451: The spirits, knowledge and wisdom of ancestors who are then worshiped for generations. Spirituality in general is seen as a process of learning the secrets of the world beneath and outside to gain inner peace. It is prevalent in both the North and the South, and across caste divides by way of ritual, and exists in a variety of mediumship cults. In india there are many religious groups which are following spirituality at it best. India

6417-405: The start of the book: The initial US publication took place at the end of August 1948. But on publication BOAC objected to the use of its name without permission, and associated with aircraft disasters. It threatened to sue Heinemann unless its name was removed. British publication was therefore delayed until 13 December while all references to BOAC were changed to CATO. The film adaptation of

6510-419: The still active First Spiritual Temple in the US founded in 1883 and the Greater World Christian Spiritualist League (later to become the Greater World Christian Spiritualist Association) in the UK which was founded in 1931. Foremost in the movement towards Christian Spiritualism in the United Kingdom was one of the leading pioneers in the spiritualism movement, medium and Reverend William Stainton Moses . He

6603-497: The supervision of the unreliable cleaning woman. Shirley Scott finds Elspeth unconscious, confirming her misgivings about the state of Honey's home life, and nurses her. Elspeth displays a touching mix of precocity and serious intelligence, but betrays Honey's hobbies of spiritualism and prophecy . That notwithstanding, Elspeth's outlook is tempered with serious thought and childhood happiness in simple things. Teasdale visits Dr Scott at Farnborough and relates her story of events to

6696-581: The suppression of Culto Omoloco or Umbanda by the Roman Catholic Church a period of syncretism commenced that included the introduction of images of the saints present in the churches presenting a new look for repressors behind which the Africans worshipped their gods and ancestors. This process of merger continued with the introduction of Kardecist spiritism and includes spiritualists. From: 'Channellers, Cowries and Conversations with

6789-515: The susceptibility of missionaries in Samoa to local spirits, remembering that spirits were a significant feature of the Victorian milieu through the revival of Spiritualism . In Micronesia , recently deceased kin often appear as spirit visitors and possess female relatives in order to provide comfort and guidance. Identically to Anglo-American practises, they deliver important messages from beyond

6882-689: The syncretism of traditional spirit worship and Christianity, they pervade everyday life to the top of society where they play a part in politic elections, ritualizing to help politicians win elections and interpreting events in prophetic terms and are used in healing. Kubandwa is a spirit possession cult spread all over the Great Lakes region of Africa (Rwanda, Burundi, north-western Tanzania, Uganda, Eastern Congo) past women have played an important role in kubandwa, both as mediums and spirits. Tromba mediumship features in Madagascar. Spiritualism

6975-447: The tailplane roots. On reaching the crash site he discovers that the parts of the aircraft adjacent to where the tailplane separated have been removed by the Soviet party who came to recover the body of their Ambassador. The Soviet authorities suspect that the crash was part of a plot to assassinate the ambassador, and are wholly unhelpful when approached for information about the missing tailplane root. The tailplane itself remains lost in

7068-483: The term animism . American 20th-century mythology professor and author best known for his work in the fields of comparative religion. Carl Jung 's doctoral dissertation was not medical research but the investigation of a medium, his maternal cousin, Hélène Preiswerk. The spiritualist narrative in Jung's personal life reached a climax in 1916 when he became convinced that his house was crammed with spirits. He practised

7161-419: The theories of hypnosis and suggestion as a framework through which to clarify the scientific rationale underlying the efficacy of such healing methods as talismans , meditation, spirit-writing , acupuncture and daoyin . In Japan, spirit mediums are called Reibai. Although the primary religion of Japan, Shintoism is essentially animistic , relating to Kami , or spirits, psychical research typical of

7254-492: The transonic envelope, causing problems such as structural flutter (felt by the pilot as buffeting) and control reversals – both of which would have been most likely to be present in a high-speed dive. Avro Lancaster NX636 is shown as the RAF aircraft that returns Theodore Honey to his employer at Farnborough after C.A.T.O. refuse to carry him either further, or to return him back, to the United Kingdom. Management at

7347-503: The two are not present and represented. A Swedish scientist, philosopher, politician and theologian . Widely recognized as the "Father of Modern Spiritualism " but practicing before the movement started. A clairvoyant medium who used his spiritualist gifts for the royalty of Sweden. Developed the 19th-century spiritualist philosophical doctrine of Spiritism , popular in Francophone and Latin nations. Anthropologist, introduced

7440-691: The usual problems of a new business, Airspeed Limited eventually gained recognition when its Envoy aircraft was chosen for the King's Flight . With the approach of the Second World War , a military version of the Envoy was developed, to be called the Airspeed Oxford . The Oxford became the standard advanced multi-engined trainer for the RAF and British Commonwealth, with over 8,500 being built. For

7533-401: The wilderness, but must be found if there is any hope of proving the existence of metal fatigue . Honey comes to the rescue, but in a highly unorthodox way. He puts his daughter into a light trance which, to Corder's shock, Elspeth has clearly experienced before. Using a planchette and automatic writing , a message is written: UNDER THE FOOT OF THE BEAR . Sceptical of the message's value,

7626-443: The word is 1796 and it was used by the prominent 18th-century spiritualist Emanuel Swedenborg . The term "spiritualism" has come to have different meanings. A broad working definition of the term would include the multi-faceted belief in a vital principle within living beings, a supernatural or paranormal , divine , incorporeal being – force, spirit – anima animating bodies etc. Adherents of spiritualistic movements believe that

7719-899: Was a member of the BNAS (British National Association of Spiritualists), vice-president of the Society for Psychic Research and launched the London Spiritualist Alliance which later became the College of Psychic Studies. Contemporary Christian Spiritualist denominations also include those within the American Spiritual Church Movement pioneered by Leafy Anderson , such as the Metropolitan Spiritual Churches of Christ, founded in 1925, Pentecostal Spiritual Assemblies of Christ Worldwide, founded in 1938, whose motto

7812-410: Was an English novelist and aeronautical engineer who spent his later years in Australia. He used his full name in his engineering career and Nevil Shute as his pen name, in order to protect his engineering career from inferences by his employers (Vickers) or from fellow engineers that he was "not a serious person" or from potentially adverse publicity in connection with his novels, which included On

7905-463: Was directed by Toby Swift for BBC Radio 4 's Classic Serial in August 2010. An earlier BBC Radio 4 Classic Serial, dramatised by Brian Gear in three episodes, and broadcast weekly from 11 May 1986, starred John Clegg as Theodore Honey, Norman Bowler as Scott, and Margaret Robertson as Monica Teasdale. Nevil Shute Nevil Shute Norway (17 January 1899 – 12 January 1960)

7998-399: Was filmed for television as six one-hour episodes in 1972, and as a two-part miniseries in 1987. Vintage Books reprinted all 23 of his books in 2009. Shute's final work was published more than 40 years after his death. The Seafarers was first drafted in 1946–47, rewritten, and then put aside. In 1948, Shute again rewrote it, changing the title to Blind Understanding, but he left

8091-636: Was founded in 1949, when the "Golden Mother of the Jasper Pool" revealed herself through a medium in the northeastern Taiwanese city of Hualien. The cults influence reaches to Malaysia. In the late nineteenth century, a growing number of Western and Japanese sinologists believed that something akin Western mesmerism, planchette and spiritualism had existed in China long before emerging in the West. Early twentieth-century Chinese psychical researchers used

8184-585: Was given an airworthiness certificate for her flight to India to meet the minister’s deadline. Norway thought it probable that a new outer cover for the R101 was taped on with rubber adhesive which reacted with the dope. His account is very critical of the R101 design and management team, and strongly hints that senior team members were complicit in concealing flaws in the airship's design and construction. In The Tender Ship, Manhattan Project engineer and Virginia Tech professor Arthur Squires used Shute's account of

8277-468: Was immediately grounded and subsequently scrapped. Shute gives a detailed account of the development of the two airships in his 1954 autobiographical work, Slide Rule: Autobiography of an Engineer . When he started, he wrote that he was shocked to find that before building the R38 the civil servants concerned '"had made no attempt to calculate the aerodynamic forces acting on the ship"' but had just copied

8370-762: Was started in December 1946 promotes spiritualism and conducts psychical research. It provides members with the opportunities for psychic readings and healings and promotes scientific research by a team of scientists and engineers. Recently widespread popular interest was inspired by Hiroyuki Ehara, a self-professed spiritual counselor who hosts a weekly television show Aura no Izumi where he looks into celebrities' past lives and reads their "auras". Spiritual reading are known as Seishin Touitshuka. Other notable spiritualists include, Fukurai Tomokichi (1869–1952) Japanese pioneer of parapsychology , Mifune Chizuko (1886–1911),

8463-543: Was sunk by it, Charles Goodeve sent him a message concluding "I am particularly pleased as it fully substantiates the foresight you showed in pushing this in its early stages. My congratulations." His celebrity as a writer caused the Ministry of Information to send him to the Normandy Landings on 6 June 1944 and later to Burma as a correspondent. He finished the war with the rank of lieutenant commander in

8556-809: Was unable to take up a commission in the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War , which he believed was because of his stammer. He served as a soldier in the Suffolk Regiment , enlisting in the ranks in August 1918. He guarded the Isle of Grain in the Thames Estuary, and served in military funeral parties in Kent during the 1918 flu pandemic . An aeronautical engineer as well as a pilot, Shute began his engineering career with

8649-566: Was working on military projects with his former boss at Vickers, Sir Dennistoun Burney . He was commissioned into the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) as a sub-lieutenant, having joined as an "elderly yachtsman" and expected to be in charge of a drifter or minesweeper, but after two days he was asked about his career and technical experience. He reached the "dizzy rank" of lieutenant commander, knowing nothing about "Sunday Divisions" and secretly fearing when he went on

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