Misplaced Pages

Noovo

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

Noovo is a Canadian French-language terrestrial television network owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of BCE Inc. The network has five owned-and-operated and three affiliated stations throughout Quebec . It can also be seen over-the-air in some bordering markets in the provinces of Ontario and New Brunswick , and in some other parts of Canada on cable television or direct broadcast satellite .

#387612

60-491: The network was launched in 1986 as Télévision Quatre-Saisons ( TQS ), and was known by that name until Remstar , which had bought the network in 2008, renamed it V on August 31, 2009. It was the namesake and flagship property of V Media Group (now known as Remstar Media Group ), a separate company majority-owned by Remstar owner Maxime Rémillard (partially through Remstar). V was acquired by Bell Media in May 2020, after which it

120-489: A 10 p.m. news talk show, Dutrizac , focusing on interviews and analysis, with the news element relegated to the final part of the slot. The format was not a success, with a conventional news bulletin reinstated in 2007, with Esther Bégin being hired from LCN and presenting it until the closure of the news service. News programming continued in a reduced form on V, however, outsourced to independent producer ADN5. News summaries of approximately three minutes were inserted into

180-508: A centralised studio in Quebec City with Blais anchoring, but still featuring footage and two-ways from locally based reporters; its affiliate stations will continue to produce their own local newscasts in lieu of the regional editions. Lacking the resources of its well-established competitors, Noovo is leveraging the resources of the Énergie , Rouge and Boom-branded local radio stations owned by Bell Media to complement its own reporting;

240-418: A deal with Bell Media to produce and present long-form documentaries for the network; she was later replaced by former LCN anchor and TVA reporter Marie-Christine Bergeron, who took over the anchor chair on August 29. The appointment of Bergeron led to the broadcast increasingly taking on a more conventional format, with more live reports and breaking news coverage; additionally, Michel Bherer began presenting

300-428: A debate and analysis program, Les débatteurs de Noovo , after the late edition of Le Fil , which launched on September 12. On August 28, 2023, Noovo renamed its news bulletin to Noovo Info ( lit.   ' Noovo News ' ) to align its online and its TV news operations. In August 2024, Marie-Claude Paradis-Desfossés, a journalist formerly associated with TVA Nouvelles , was announced as joining Noovo Info . In

360-578: A few Quebec-produced comedy or drama series are also broadcast, including Pour toujours, plus un jour , Mon ex à moi , Entre deux draps and Max et Livia . Since the rebranding of the TQS network to V, on August 31, 2009, V's three owned and operated stations (O&Os) outside Montreal and Quebec City have dropped all non-network programming and become de facto repeaters of flagship CFJP-DT in Montreal. Unlike O&O stations, non-owned affiliates of

420-643: A full-time rebroadcaster of the Montreal station there. The network launched on September 7, 1986, as Télévision Quatre-Saisons ("Four Seasons Television"). The flagship was CFJP-TV in Montreal, with CFAP-TV in Quebec City as a full-time rebroadcaster. The network had affiliates in five other cities. As part of the launch, the existing expansion plans to add two storeys to the CFCF building were expanded with another two floors. The network—already lean, employing 125 additional personnel on top of CFCF's 500—spent most of its earlier years in severe financial trouble. At one point,

480-458: A half-hour block at 10 p.m., consisting of ten minutes of national headlines anchored by Michel Bherer, followed by 20 minutes of regional news anchored by Bherer in Montreal and by Blais in Quebec City. On weekends, a single national edition airs at 9 a.m., structured more as a newsmagazine than as a newscast, anchored by Meeker Guerrier in Montreal. The network's other owned-and-operated stations carry their own regional editions, all broadcast from

540-433: A judge extended the grace period for an additional 45 days. Montreal's newspaper La Presse reported on January 15 that Rogers Communications and RNC Media were each interested in acquiring some individual stations within the network, although RNC Media later denied the report and Rogers declined to comment. On February 25, 2008, the network confirmed that it had received four purchase bids, although it did not disclose

600-470: A new subsidiary called Cogeco Peer 1 . In January 2018, Cogeco Communications Inc. announced that its US subsidiary Atlantic Broadband had completed the acquisition of the cable systems owned by Harron Communications which were operating under the brand name MetroCast for US$ 1.4 billion, making the company the eight largest hybrid fibre coaxial cable operator in North America. In February 2019,

660-426: A newspaper publisher. Around this time, the network began branding primarily as "TQS"; for its first decade on the air, most verbal references had used "Quatre-Saisons." Quebecor acquired Vidéotron in 2001, and put TQS back on the market. Later in 2001, TQS was bought by a joint venture of CTVglobemedia (then known as Bell Globemedia) and Cogeco , another cable company. Cogeco owned a 60 percent controlling interest in

SECTION 10

#1732801901388

720-550: A prestigious place in the TV industry or in the eyes of the viewing public. The black sheep slogan was discontinued with the network's rebranding from TQS to V at the end of August 2009. Noovo has a 21% revenue share of the French-speaking private television market. The private francophone sector generates revenue of $ 361 million which equates to $ 75 million for Noovo. *Currently being sold to other owners pending approval of

780-727: A second offer, increasing it to CA$ 11.1 billion in cash, which was again rejected by the Audet family. The offer expired that November. Rogers subsequently sold its remaining stakes in the Cogeco companies to the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec in December 2023. Following the acquisition of systems in Ohio in 2021, Atlantic Broadband rebranded as Breezeline in early 2022. On 21 October 2020, Cogeco Communications announced an agreement for

840-516: A television station in Trois-Rivières , Quebec. The call sign would be CKTM-TV , and it would become an affiliate of the CBC's French-language network . Télévision St. Maurice Inc . was later renamed Cogéco Radio-Télévision Inc . , a subsidiary of Cogeco Inc. He would also become chairman and president of La Belle Vision Inc . , which was in 1972, Cogeco's first acquisition. Henri Audet

900-890: A total of twenty-two radio stations in Quebec and one in Ontario. Also that year, the company purchased Métromédia for CA$ 41 million to later sell it in 2018 to Bell Media for an undisclosed amount. In February 2012, the company also sold its cable system Cabovisão in Portugal to the European media group Altice . In July 2012, the company expanded into the U.S. market by acquiring the cable system operator Atlantic Broadband . In December that same year, it acquired Peer 1 Hosting, an internet infrastructure provider, and later in October 2015, merged it with its Cogeco Data Services, forming

960-599: Is known to many viewers for Bleu Nuit , a showcase of softcore pornography which formerly broadcast late Saturday nights, similar to The Baby Blue Movie that once aired on Toronto 's Citytv . The network's prime time schedule currently consists predominantly of reality and non-fiction programming, scheduled around Julie Snyder 's nightly talk show La Semaine des 4 Julie at 9 p.m. Scripted entertainment programming currently consists primarily of dubbed versions of English Canadian or American comedy or drama series, rather than original francophone comedy or drama; however,

1020-509: Is structured into three strategic business units (SBU); Cogeco Connexion, Breezeline (previously known as Atlantic Broadband), and Cogeco Media. The company provides a range of telecommunication products and services including cable television, radio and television broadcasting, telephony, and Internet services in Ontario and Quebec in Canada, and in thirteen states along the east coast of

1080-609: The Greater Toronto Area , offer CFGS on their digital tier. CFTF-DT in Rivière-du-Loup has a rebroadcaster in Edmundston , New Brunswick —the network's only over-the-air transmitter outside Quebec—and is carried in both analogue and digital across most of northern New Brunswick. To ensure that the network's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics reached francophone viewers outside Quebec, its coverage

1140-677: The Montreal Canadiens from 1994 to 2002. It also aired games of the Montreal Expos from 1994 to 1998. Noovo carries boxing events organized by Groupe Yvon Michel. In February 2005, the network acquired rights to the 2010 Winter Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics as part of Canada's Olympic Broadcast Media Consortium (a joint venture of CTVglobemedia and Rogers Media ) as the French broadcast television partner, in partnership with RDS (a sister via CTVglobemedia's stake at

1200-479: The Audet family, indicated shortly thereafter that they would not support the offer. It was also rejected by the companies' boards of directors , and Quebec Premier François Legault had also signalled his opposition to losing another major Quebec-based company. Altice and Rogers said they would continue to pursue a purchase, with Rogers promising to maintain a separate management team and regional headquarters for its Quebec operations. In October 2020, Altice made

1260-593: The CRTC approved the application of the Pouliot family and its company, Réseau de Télévision Quatre-Saisons Inc., noting its existing facilities in Montreal and more realistic revenue projections compared to Cogeco. TQS was authorized to operate a French-language TV station in Montreal with an effective radiated power of 566,000 watts on channel 35. The CRTC initially denied the Quebec City bid on grounds of insufficient local advertising revenue; it was, however, allowed to set up

SECTION 20

#1732801901388

1320-533: The CRTC did not call on applications for licences. In 1972, the CRTC said it was prepared to receive licence applications in order to authorize a third commercial television service in Quebec, although it was not until 1974 when the CRTC granted licences to Télé Inter-Cité Québec Ltée. to operate TV stations in Montreal (channel 29) and in Quebec City (channel 2). Télé Inter-Cité found itself unable to launch

1380-471: The CRTC. Remcorp Remcorp is a Canadian private investment firm founded by businessman Maxime Rémillard . Its head offices are located in Montreal, Quebec. The company was founded in 1997. At first involved in the entertainment industry, Remcorp now makes investments in companies working in a wide variety of sectors, such as technology, media, transportation services, health and well-being, real estate, and agriculture. Formerly known as Remstar,

1440-671: The Canadian and U.S. cable and telecom operations. The name Cogeco is an acronym for Compagnie Générale de Communication ("General Communications Company"). In June 1957, Henri Audet (1918-2012) left the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), became president and managing director of Télévision St. Maurice Inc., and was awarded a broadcasting license by the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) to operate

1500-549: The United States. Cogeco Inc. is a publicly traded company ( TSX :  CGO ) and is controlled through multiple voting shares (accounting for 71.29% of votes) by the Audet family's holding company Gestion Audem Inc. In turn, Cogeco Inc. fully owns Cogeco Media, and owns 82.96% of the voting rights in Cogeco Communications Inc. , a separate publicly traded company ( TSX :  CCA ) which owns

1560-705: The acquisition of DERYTelecom by its subsidiary Cogeco Connexion for $ 405 million. Founded in Saguenay, DERYTelecom is the third largest cable company in Quebec. The closing of the transaction is announced on 14 December 2020. In February 2023, the company announced that it had acquired the telecommunications operation of Internet service provider oxio Within its Canadian cable operations in Ontario and Quebec, 98% of all homes passed by Cogeco Cable-owned plant are able to access digital cable services. In August 2018, Cogeco announced that it would convert its cablesystems to IPTV using MediaKind platforms. Cogeco Cable

1620-436: The acquisition of an additional 19 cable systems. In a turn of events, in 2009, and again in 2010, Rogers invested substantially in both Cogeco Inc. and Cogeco Cable Inc., resulting in some speculation surrounding the two rivals. In 2011, the company increased its radio station assets by acquiring Corus Québec , a subsidiary of Corus Entertainment , and in 2018 acquired additional radio stations from RNC Média , giving it

1680-510: The addition of expanded in-house news programming, and will also provide advertising and master control services for Elle Fictions and Max. The sale was approved on April 3, 2020; as a condition of the purchase, the CRTC stated that all five V stations must air five hours of local programming per-week through the 2020-2021 broadcast year, and expanding to eight-and-a-half hours per-week in Montreal and Quebec City by 2021–2022. At least half of all local programming must be locally-reflective. The sale

1740-404: The careers of many Quebec TV news presenters who would later land bigger jobs at other radio and TV outlets. The newscast would become a factor on the ratings when popular anchor and political commentator Jean-Luc Mongrain was hired as lead presenter in 1999, and the show adopted a harded-edge, tabloid and more aggressive approach, with a mix of hard news, commentary and heavy viewer interaction;

1800-503: The combined resources are being promoted under the Noovo Info moniker. Le Fil has a looser style than its competitors' newscasts, and places a larger focus upon a personality-led and more informal presentation, longer-form reporting, human interest stories, heavy analysis and commentary of stories, and heavy viewer interaction on social media. Initial reviews were mixed, praising the story selection and unique presentation, but criticising

1860-539: The company announced it sold Cogeco Peer 1 to private equity firm Digital Colony for CA$ 720 million. Cogeco Peer 1 later changed its name to Aptum Technologies . On 2 September 2020, Altice USA announced an unsolicited offer to purchase both Cogeco and Cogeco Communications. Altice announced it would immediately resell Cogeco's Canadian assets to Rogers, which retains large minority interests in both Cogeco companies, while Altice would keep Cogeco's U.S. assets including Atlantic Broadband. Cogeco's controlling shareholders,

Noovo - Misplaced Pages Continue

1920-484: The company was established by Maxime Rémillard in 1997 and originally produced and distributed Canadian and international film products. Over time, with the experience gained through numerous projects, the company became an important player in the Quebec economy, with a portfolio of investments in diverse sectors. Through its divisions Remstar Productions and Remstar Distribution , the company produces and distributes film and television series throughout Canada and around

1980-449: The daily news and discussion programs Le show du matin , hosted by Gildor Roy , and Dumont 360 , hosted by Mario Dumont . V's rebranding took effect on August 31, 2009, at 6 am ET after the infomercial block. In July 2019, V Media Group announced that the network would be sold to CTVglobemedia's successor Bell Media pending CRTC approval, leaving the company to focus on its specialty channels Elle Fictions and Max . Bell proposed

2040-571: The details of its revamp of the network's news programming under the title Le Fil ( lit.   ' The Wire ' ). The new in-house program, which replaced the outsourced NVL , debuted on March 29, airing twice daily on weekdays: an hour-long news block at 5 p.m., with a half-hour national edition anchored by Noémi Mercier from the Bell Media building at Papineau Avenue in Montreal, followed by half-hour regional editions anchored by Mercier in Montreal, and by Lisa-Marie Blais in Quebec City; and

2100-603: The firm surrendered the licences for revocation in 1976. On November 15, 1984, the CRTC launched another call for applications in response to a bid from Cogeco. In 1985, it held public hearings in Montreal to examine competing applications from partners Cogeco Inc. (60.3%) and Moffat Communications (39.7%), and another application by the Pouliot family, owners of Montreal's CTV affiliate, CFCF-TV and radio stations CFCF (later CINW , now defunct) and CFQR-FM (now CKBE-FM ). Both applications applied to launch television stations in Montreal and Quebec City. On September 6 of that year,

2160-400: The group's print and magazine brands. Even after suffering three different host transitions and numerous format changes to make it look closer to its rival, the show would be ultimately unsuccessful and eventually cancelled in 2015. By 2017, the network's news programming evolved after production was taken over by another producer, Attraction Images, now as a full-fledged half-hour bulletin under

2220-543: The identities of the bidders. On March 10, 2008, the Quebec Superior Court approved the sale of TQS to Remstar Corporation, a Montreal-based television and film producer and distributor. Creditors, who were owed more than $ 33 million, voted to accept the Remstar proposal in May. The CRTC approved the application on June 26, 2008. Remstar announced on April 23, 2008, that 270 jobs would be cut at TQS, while

2280-464: The information services division would be abolished entirely — thus eliminating all newscasts from the network starting in September 2008. While the CRTC ordered Remstar to retain local news programming on the network, it did take the network's precarious financial situation into account by allowing a reduced amount of local news programming until the network's licence renewal hearing in 2011. At

2340-408: The move coincided with TQS moving all of its daily programming to a street-front studio at Quebecor's headquarters. He anchored the program from August 30, 1999, until its final edition aired on August 29, 2008. The 10 p.m. edition, presented by Denis Lévesque, became increasingly known for its aggressive and often confrontative debates on hot topics, leading to it regularly beating Le Téléjournal on

2400-484: The network due to materials shortages and delays in equipment delivery; the CRTC granted a time extension to 1976. Civitas Corp., owner of several radio stations in Quebec and a denied applicant for the same channels a year earlier, filed to buy Téle Inter-Cité, but the CRTC denied the purchase and noted that the proposal to reduce local programming commitments substantially altered the original accepted application. Unable to go forward due to what it called "economic reasons",

2460-718: The network is not widely available outside Quebec, although some communities in Ontario , New Brunswick and Nova Scotia receive Noovo affiliates on cable. CFGS-DT in Gatineau is part of the Ottawa television market, and is carried in both analogue and digital on cable systems in nearly all of Eastern Ontario . Eastlink systems in Northeastern Ontario also carry CFGS in both analogue and digital. Rogers Cable systems in Central and Southwestern Ontario and

Noovo - Misplaced Pages Continue

2520-440: The network's fall upfronts presentation for 2009, the network announced a repositioning plan, including a shedding of the TQS moniker and its black sheep logo in favour of the name "V", complete with a black-and-gold circle logo with a stylized letter V. The V name reflected the channel's new mission of "vedettes" (stars), "vitesse" (speed), "voyages" (trips), and "vice ou vérité" (vices or truths). The new program lineup included

2580-490: The network's morning and noontime programming, along with a 30-minute newscast weekend evenings. In 2012, the provision on news programming was taken over by a newly formed production division of Montreal-based publishing company Transcontinental , which took over the production of these updates, alongside producing a newly created news-oriented morning show , Ça commence bien ! , which attempted to attract viewers away from TVA's Salut, Bonjour! by showcasing content from

2640-531: The network, such as CFGS-DT in Gatineau / Ottawa , CJPC-DT in Rimouski , CFTF-DT in Rivière-du-Loup and CFVS-DT in Val-d'Or / Rouyn-Noranda , continue to broadcast local programming. Unlike TVA, Noovo does not have mandatory cable carriage rights outside Quebec, but may be offered at a cable company's discretion if there is a sufficient local market for French-language television programming. Consequently,

2700-435: The over-recycling of segments and lack of appropriate imagery during news briefs, as well as no international news, sports or weather segments. Due to low ratings, the early evening edition began adding over time some more conventional elements to increase the pace, whilst retaining some of the magazine elements, making it closer to a conventional newscast. In May 2022, Mercier announced her departure from Le Fil after signing

2760-501: The ratings. Lévesque left TQS shortly before the start of the 2005 season, over a controversy regarding the hiring of presenter Isabelle Maréchal to serve as commentator and newsreader; in an interview with La Presse , he told he didn't want to do "spectacle information", as Maréchal was mostly known for presenting entertainment programming. Eventually, she anchored the 10 p.m. edition during that season, before being replaced by Benoît Dutrizac , freshly hired from Télé-Québec , who anchored

2820-493: The reach of their TVA and Radio-Canada counterparts. However, it has produced a number of major hit series in Quebec. From the network's launch to its 2008 restructuring, the nightly Le Grand Journal formed the core of Noovo's news programming when it was named TQS. As with the channel per-se, Le Grand Journal failed to establish itself as a hard competitor to the very popular TVA and Radio-Canada newscasts, trying on several different formats to mixed success; however, it launched

2880-713: The revenues from CFCF-TV were all that were keeping the network afloat. It was, however, able to launch affiliates in Val-d'Or in 1987 and Rivière-du-Loup in 1988, as well as upgrade its Quebec City rebroadcaster to a full-fledged station in 1989. In its early years, it was known for advertising in English on its then-sister radio stations. In 1995, the Pouliots sold their media holdings to Quebec cable company Vidéotron , who already owned TVA , Quebec's other private commercial network. Due to monopoly ownership concerns, Vidéotron immediately turned around and sold TQS to Quebecor ,

2940-471: The sale was approved by the CRTC. The sale was later closed on May 15, 2020. On May 20, 2020, Remstar Media became the owner of the specialty channels MAX and ELLE Fictions . This article about a Canadian media company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cogeco Cogeco Inc. is a Canadian telecommunications and media company. Its corporate offices are located at 1 Place Ville-Marie in Montreal , Quebec. The company

3000-577: The same month, the network also reintroduced a half-hour noon newscast, titled Noovo Info 12 . Noovo has long aired a nighttime sports show, beginning with Sports Plus (1986–1998), then 110% (1998–2009), followed by L'attaque à 5 (2009–2010). Its carriage of live sporting events began with Super Bowl XXI in 1987. It has carried games of the National Hockey League , including the Quebec Nordiques from 1988 to 1994 and

3060-463: The time). It shared morning coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics with RDS, followed by its own afternoon and evening programming. As the network's carriage was limited outside of Quebec (unlike previous rights holder Télévision de Radio-Canada ), the non-profit public affairs network CPAC (which has must-carry status nationwide) received special authorization from the CRTC to simulcast the coverage in order to ensure nationwide availability. The network

SECTION 50

#1732801901388

3120-637: The title NVL (an abbreviation of "nouvelles", the French term for news), featuring a voiceover anchorless format that blended both network-wide and regionalized news reports similar to the current format of CityNews on the English Canadian Citytv network. As part of the sale to Bell Media, the company stated that it planned to add in-house newscasts on all five O&O stations, with 90 minutes per-day on weekdays in Montreal and Quebec City, 60 minutes elsewhere, and half-hour weekend newscasts in all markets. On March 11, 2021, Bell announced

3180-415: The venture and handled most of operations, while CTVglobemedia owned 40 percent. The acquisition, in a sense, reunited it with CFCF, which had been bought by CTV a year earlier. On December 18, 2007, TQS filed for bankruptcy protection. At this point the network was given 30 days in which to reorganize and revamp itself, with the goal of finding a viable solution to pay off its creditors. On January 16, 2008,

3240-601: The world. The company also owns its own music label, Remstar Interaction . It was originally named Remstar Corporation . Groupe V Média, which was majority-owned by Maxime Rémillard, owned the television network V , which Remstar originally acquired from Cogeco and CTVglobemedia in June 2008 after it filed for bankruptcy protection. In 2013, V Media Group announced a deal to acquire MusiquePlus (now Elle Fictions ) and MusiMax (now Max ), which Bell Media had put up for sale following its acquisition of Astral Media earlier in

3300-528: The year. The acquisition was approved by the CRTC on September 11, 2014; to fund the purchase, 15% stakes in V Media were sold to the Caisse and Fonds de solidarité FTQ . The sale was closed on September 16, 2014. In 2019, V Media Group announced that it would sell its namesake television network, and its web platforms such as its streaming service noovo.ca, to Bell Media, pending CRTC approval. The company will retain its specialty channels. On April 3, 2020,

3360-653: Was chairman and CEO of Cogeco Inc. between 1976 and 1993, and later in 1996, was named President Emeritus of Cogeco Inc. and Cogeco Cable Inc. Over time, the company divested itself of all its on-air broadcast television assets. In 1989, the company obtained its initial presence in Ontario by acquiring cable systems in Burlington and Oakville and in 1996 expanded further in Ontario by acquiring an additional 25 cable systems (303,000 customers for CA$ 350 million) from Rogers Communications . Between 1998 and 2001, Cogeco increased its footprint in both Quebec and Ontario with

3420-557: Was closed on May 15, 2020. On August 19, 2020, Bell Media announced that the network would be rebranded as Noovo on August 31, taking its name from V's streaming platform of the same name. The network has long been a distant third in the ratings to TVA and Ici Radio-Canada Télé . During the analogue era, most of its affiliates operated on the UHF band, and operated at moderate-to-low power compared to their TVA and Radio-Canada counterparts. Even in digital, most V affiliates do not have nearly

3480-788: Was one of the first major cable operators to deploy its network compliant with the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) standard to provide all of its Internet Protocol (IP) based services, such as internet access and VoIP as early as 2002. In April 2009, Cogeco implemented a penalty for surpassing the bandwidth limits for each tier. As of August 2021, Cogeco offers up to gigabit download speeds (30 Mbit/s upload) in certain areas which takes advantage of its DOCSIS 3.1 platform upgrades and 180 Mbit/s download (10 Mbit/s upload) most of its footprint on DOCSIS 3.0. Cogeco Cable launched its digital phone service in June 2005,

3540-555: Was renamed Noovo on August 31, 2020. The name "Noovo" is a stylized phonetic spelling of "nouveau", the French word for "new". In 1968, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) first expressed interest in the establishment of a third French-language commercial television service in the province of Quebec to compete with Télévision de Radio-Canada and the loose association of independent stations that eventually became TVA . However

3600-499: Was simulcast on CPAC , which has mandatory carriage on the basic service of all Canadian cable and satellite providers, from February 12 to 28, 2010. Notes: Beginning in 1997, TQS branded itself as le mouton noir de la télé (English: the black sheep of television ), a slogan that could have served as the network's acknowledgment (or perhaps a badge of pride) that its history of financial difficulties, edgy programming, and limited availability outside Quebec had not always given it

#387612