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61-657: The North Christian Church is a church in Columbus , Indiana . Founded in 1955, it is part of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) . The church building of 1964 was designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen (1910–1961) and completed in 1964. Saarinen's father Eliel Saarinen had designed the First Christian Church in Columbus. The building is hexagonal in shape, with

122-572: A spirelet or spike on the rooftop of a building. In particular, the spirelets often built atop the crossings of major churches in mediaeval French Gothic architecture are called flèches. On the ridge of the roof on top of the crossing (the intersection of the nave and the transepts ) of a church, flèches were typically light, delicate, timber-framed constructions with a metallic sheath of lead or copper. They are often richly decorated with architectural and sculptural embellishments: tracery , crockets , and miniature buttresses serve to adorn

183-495: A central metal spire that is 192 feet (59 m) high. Below the spire, there is an oculus that admits light into the main level. The sanctuary is located at the center of the building, with the Lord's Table located in the center of the sanctuary. Rows of pews surround the altar in a hexagon, reflecting the idea that worship should be a central aspect of the life of the congregation. The lower level contains classrooms, an auditorium,

244-470: A church was important to Saarinen as well, so the environment changes to reflect the change of attitude one has when entering a sacred space. The grey slate floors, dark mahogany pews, and eerie natural lighting instill a sense of awe in the visitor. The primary light source into the sanctuary is the oculus at the base of the spire, directly above the Communion table. This focus of light draws attention to

305-448: A fully exposed structure of arches not unlike the arches of a medieval European crown . The spire itself is supported by buttress structures. A needle-spire is a particularly tall and narrow spire emerging from a tower surrounded by a parapet . In general, the term applies to considerably larger and more refined spires than the name Hertfordshire spike. A Hertfordshire spike is a type of short spire, needle-spire, or flèche ringed with

366-430: A hidden basement, so that the only visible part of the church above ground was the sanctuary. Space for the basement was carved out of the earth in a hexagonal shape, reflecting the sanctuary above it. This emphasized the importance of the church itself and isolated the sanctuary as the most important part of the building. He was inspired by the steep steps at Angkor Wat and Borobudur, where the visitor has to interact with

427-514: A kitchen, and an activities area. In 1955, 43 members of the First Christian Church , designed by Eliel Saarinen , decided to found a new church affiliated with the Disciples of Christ . After some time of worshiping in each other's homes, in 1956 they purchased 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 acres (2.2 ha) of land with the help of Irwin Miller . Although Miller wanted to hire Eero Saarinen to design

488-510: A male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

549-624: A nephew of a co-founder of Cummins , the Columbus-headquartered diesel engine manufacturer, instituted a program in which the Cummins Foundation paid the architects' fees, provided the client selected a firm from a list compiled by the foundation. The plan was initiated with public schools and was so successful that the foundation decided to offer such design support to other non-profit and civic organizations. The high number of notable public buildings and public art in

610-625: A north–south orientation along the western edge of Columbus. The Pennsylvania Railroad 's Kentuckyian (Chicago-Louisville) made stops in the city until 1968. The PRR and its successor, the Penn Central , ran the Florida-bound South Wind up to 1971. The city has been earmarked as a location for a new Amtrak station along the Chicago-Indianapolis-Louisville rail corridor. Columbus

671-626: A parapet and found on church-towers in the British Isles . The roofs of splay-foot spires open out and flatten off at their base, creating eaves above the tower supporting the spire. A flèche ( French : flèche , lit.   'arrow' ) is a name given to spires in Gothic architecture : in French the word is applied to any spire, but in English it has the technical meaning of

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732-479: Is Indianapolis International Airport (IND), located approximately 55 miles (89 km) northwest of Columbus. Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport and Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport are 78 miles (126 km) to the south and 83 miles (134 km) to the southeast, respectively. This is a list of notable people who were born in, or who currently live, or have lived in Columbus. The Bartholomew Consolidated School Corporation (BCSC)

793-418: Is a city in, and the county seat of, Bartholomew County, Indiana , United States. The population was 50,474 at the 2020 census . The city is known for its architectural significance, having commissioned noted works of modern architecture and public art since the mid-20th century; the annual program Exhibit Columbus celebrates this legacy. Located about 40 mi (64 km) south of Indianapolis , on

854-626: Is served by the Columbus Municipal Airport (KBAK). It is located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Columbus. The airport handles approximately 40,500 operations per year, with roughly 87% general aviation, 4% air taxi, 8% military and less than 1% commercial service. The airport has two concrete runways; a 6,401-foot runway with approved ILS and GPS approaches (Runway 5-23) and a 5,001-foot crosswind runway, also with GPS approaches, (Runway 14-32). The nearest commercial airport which currently has scheduled airline service

915-420: Is the basis for the 2017 film Columbus by independent filmmaker Kogonada . The film was shot on location in Columbus over 18 days in the summer of 2016. In May 2016, Landmark Columbus launched Exhibit Columbus as a way to continue the ambitious traditions of the past into the future. Exhibit Columbus features annual programming that alternates between symposium and exhibition years. Columbus High School

976-467: Is the central focus of the sanctuary because it is an important part of the Disciples of Christ service. The congregation sits around it facing each other as a community. The pulpit, choir loft, and a Holtkamp organ is situated opposite the main entrance into the sanctuary. The organ is the last of its kind designed by Walter Holtkamp Sr. Saarinen designed the long, angular, symmetrical sanctuary and

1037-649: Is the local school district. High schools include: Columbus has a public library, a branch of the Bartholomew County Public Library. Secondary education includes Indiana University–Purdue University Columbus (IUPUC), an Ivy Tech campus, a Purdue Polytechnic campus, and an Indiana Wesleyan University education center. 39°12′50″N 85°54′40″W  /  39.213998°N 85.911056°W  / 39.213998; -85.911056 Spire Since towers supporting spires are usually square, square-plan spires emerge directly from

1098-782: The largest high school gyms in the United States . CNHS vs CEHS Indiana Diesels of the Premier Basketball League play their home games at the gymnasium at Ceraland Park , with plans to move to a proposed downtown sports complex in the near future. Columbus boasts over 700 acres (280 ha) of parks and green space and over 20 miles of People Trails. These amenities, in addition to several athletic and community facilities, including Donner Aquatic Center, Lincoln Park Softball Complex, Hamilton Center Ice Arena, Clifty Park, Foundation for Youth/Columbus Gymnastics Center and The Commons, are managed and maintained by

1159-691: The 1590s, spir having been used in Middle Low German since the 14th century, a form related to the Old English word spir , meaning a sprout, shoot, or stalk of grass. The Gothic church spire originated in the 12th century as a simple, four-sided pyramidal structure on top of a church tower. The spire could be constructed of masonry, as at Salisbury Cathedral , or of wood covered with lead, as at Notre-Dame de Paris . Gradually, spires became taller, slimmer, and more complex in form. Triangular sections of masonry, called broaches were added to

1220-402: The 192-foot (59 m) tall spire in a single stroke: On this site, with this kind of central plan, I think I would like to make the church really all one form: all the tower. There would be the gradual building up of the sheltering, hovering planes becoming the spire. The spire would not be put on a box or come up from the sides of the roof, as we did at Stephens College. The whole thing, all

1281-431: The 2019 Notre-Dame de Paris fire . It will be rebuilt in the same form. A pinnacle is a miniature spire that was used both as a decorative and functional element. In early Gothic, as at Notre-Dame de Paris, stone pinnacles were placed atop flying buttresses , to give them additional weight and stability, and to counterbalance the outward thrust from the rib vaults of the nave. As an ornament, they were used to break up

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1342-635: The Arvin brand in the 1930s, and Arvin Industries, now Meritor After merging with Meritor Automotive on July 10, 2000, the headquarters of the newly created ArvinMeritor Industries was established in Troy, Michigan, the home of parent company, Rockwell International . It was announced in February 2011 that the company name would revert to Meritor, Inc. Cummins is by far the region's largest employer, and

1403-584: The Columbus Parks and Recreation Department. ColumBUS provides bus service in the city with five routes operating Monday through Saturday. The north–south US Route 31 has been diverted to the northeastern part of the city. Interstate 65 bypasses Columbus to the west. Indiana Route 46 runs-east-west through the southern section of the city. Freight rail service is provided by the Louisville and Indiana Railroad (LIRC). The LIRC line runs in

1464-585: The Columbus area, designed by such individuals as Eero Saarinen , I.M. Pei , Robert Venturi , Cesar Pelli , and Richard Meier , led to Columbus earning the nickname "Athens on the Prairie." Seven buildings, constructed between 1942 and 1965, are National Historic Landmarks , and approximately 60 other buildings sustain the Bartholomew County seat's reputation as a showcase of modern architecture. National Public Radio once devoted an article to

1525-456: The Cummins Foundation, a charitable program that helps subsidize a large number of architectural projects throughout the city by up-and-coming engineers and architects. Early in the 20th century, Columbus also was home to a number of pioneering car manufacturers, including Reeves , which produced the unusual four-axle Octoauto and the twin rear-axle Sextoauto, both around 1911. The Driftwood and Flatrock Rivers converge at Columbus to form

1586-680: The East Fork of the White River . According to the 2010 census, Columbus has a total area of 27.886 square miles (72.22 km ), of which 27.5 square miles (71.22 km ) (or 98.62%) is land and 0.386 square miles (1.00 km ) (or 1.38%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 44,061 people, 17,787 households, and 11,506 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,602.2 inhabitants per square mile (618.6/km ). There were 19,700 housing units at an average density of 716.4 per square mile (276.6/km ). The racial makeup of

1647-564: The Infotech Park in Columbus accounts for a sizable number of research jobs in the city itself. Just south of Columbus are the North American headquarters of Toyota Material Handling , the world's largest material handling ( forklift ) manufacturer. Other notable industries include architecture, a discipline for which Columbus is famous worldwide. The late Joseph Irwin Miller (then president and chairman of Cummins ) launched

1708-763: The Madison branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad . The railroad fostered the growth of the community into one of the largest in Indiana, and three more railroads reached the city by 1850. The Crump Theatre in Columbus, built in 1889 by John Crump, is the oldest theater in Indiana. Today the building is included within the Columbus Historic District . Before it closed permanently in 2010, it was an all-ages venue with occasional musical performances. The Cummins Bookstore began operations in

1769-575: The White River. A village of three or four log cabins developed around the ferry landing, and a store was added in 1821. Later that year, Bartholomew County was organized by an act of the State Legislature and named to honor the famous Hoosier militiaman, General Joseph Bartholomew . Columbus was incorporated on June 28, 1864. The first railroad in Indiana was constructed to Columbus from Madison, Indiana in 1844. This eventually became

1830-471: The architect Christopher Wren designed reinforcing beams which halted the deformation of the structure. Openwork spires were a notable architectural innovation, beginning with the spire at Freiburg Minster , in which the pierced stonework was held together by iron cramps. The openwork spire, represented a radical but logical extension of the Gothic tendency toward a skeletal structure. Crown spires have

1891-400: The architecture and work to reach the sanctuary. He thought that building an entire church on one level made religion "too easy", and took away from the spiritual experience of going to church. Therefore, he chose to elevate the sanctuary of the church so people had to climb up a set of stairs to reach it. This way the church also stood out from its residential neighborhood. The act of entering

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1952-530: The best was this little church, because it has in it a real spirit that speaks forth to all Christians as a witness to their faith As the membership has decreased and upkeep costs increased, the congregation began to have difficulty raising the necessary funds for maintenance of the structure. In April 2018, the Indiana Landmarks historic preservation organization added the church to its list of 10 Most Endangered Indiana landmarks to raise awareness of

2013-471: The center of the room, where the Communion takes place. The room was designed as a space where people can gather in unity and harmony in an enclosed spiritual world. The Communion table, consisting of twelve pedestals symbolic of the twelve disciples, is placed on a tiered platform. The highest pedestal at the end of the table represents Christ, and hold a silver chalice and loaf of bread for the service. It

2074-520: The church's long-term upkeep. On July 16, 2022, the congregation held a "Celebration of Life" service for the building. The church is now permanently closed and no longer allowing tours of the building. On April 15, 2024, the Bartholomew County Library Board voted to accept the church as a gift from the former North Christian Church congregation. Columbus, Indiana Columbus ( / k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s / )

2135-534: The city in 1892. Until late 2007, when it closed, it was the oldest continually operated bookstore in Indiana. The Irwin Union Bank building was built in 1954. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service in 2001 in recognition of its unique architecture. The building consists of a one-story bank structure adjacent to a three-story office annex. A portion of

2196-429: The city was $ 41,723, and the median income for a family was $ 52,296. Males had a median income of $ 40,367 versus $ 24,446 for females, and the per capita income was $ 22,055. About 6.5% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over. Columbus is a city known for its modern architecture and public art . J. Irwin Miller , 2nd CEO and

2257-547: The city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 39,059 people, 15,985 households, and 10,566 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,505.3 inhabitants per square mile (581.2/km ). There were 17,162 housing units at an average density of 661.4 per square mile (255.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.32% White , 2.71% Black or African American , 0.13% Native American , 3.23% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 1.39% from other races , and 1.19% from two or more races. 2.81% of

2318-444: The city was 86.9% White , 2.7% African American , 0.2% Native American , 5.6% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.5% from other races , and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% of the population. There were 17,787 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had

2379-401: The east fork of the White River , it is the state's 20th-largest city. It is the principal city of the Columbus, Indiana metropolitan statistical area , which encompasses all of Bartholomew County. Columbus is the birthplace of former Indiana Governor and former Vice President of the United States , Mike Pence . Columbus is the headquarters of the engine company Cummins . In 2004 the city

2440-596: The flèche. The most famous flèche was the Neo-Gothic 19th-century design by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc for the Notre-Dame de Paris , 100 feet (30 meters) tall and richly decorated with sculpture. The original flèche of Notre-Dame was built in the 13th century, and removed in 1786, shortly before the French Revolution . The famous replacement by Viollet-le-Duc with an abundance of sculpture was destroyed in

2501-441: The horizontal lines, such as parapets and the roofs of towers. In later Gothic, they were sometimes often clustered together into forests of vertical ornament. In Gothic architecture , where the spire is most commonly used, and particularly in Gothic cathedrals and churches it symbolised the heavenly aspirations of churches' builders, as well as offering a visual spectacle of extreme height. It also suggested, by its similarity to

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2562-409: The monumentality of traditional cathedrals because expansions with Sunday schools, gymnasiums, and kitchens took away from the significance of the church itself. He wanted to design a building that returned to the model of a traditional church, while still using Modern architecture that served the needs of the congregation. His compromise was to move the school, meeting rooms, auditorium, and kitchen to

2623-474: The name change, but no evidence exists to prove this. Nonetheless, he decided to leave the newly founded town and did not return. Tipton was later appointed as the highway commissioner for the State of Indiana and was assigned to building a highway from Indianapolis, Indiana to Louisville, Kentucky . When the road approached Columbus, Tipton constructed the first bypass road ever built; it detoured south around

2684-522: The new church, he believed it was important that the congregation choose the architect themselves: I was on the building committee. We interviewed about six well-known architects. They all came in with their slides [and talked about their work]. Eero just brought a notebook. He looked at us and said, "What do you want? What do you want it to be? Don't tell me what you want it to look like, but what you want it to be like." They decided to hire him as soon as he left Saarinen believed that modern churches had lost

2745-489: The office annex was built along with the banking hall in 1954. The remaining larger portion, designed by Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates , was built in 1973. Eero Saarinen designed the bank building with its glazed hall to be set off against the blank background of its three-story brick annex. Two steel and glass vestibule connectors lead from the north side of this structure to the annex. The building

2806-411: The planes, would grow up organically into the spire From the outside of the building, the spire symbolized reaching upwards to God; on the inside, it created an enclosed soaring space for the congregation. The church was intended to remove man from the earthly world, so instead of being anchored to the ground with solid rectangles, Saarinen used pointed angular forms that hover and point to the heavens. At

2867-436: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 15,985 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were composed of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2928-513: The problem and find ways to save it. In 2019, Landmark Columbus received a 2019 Keeping it Modern Architectural Conservation Grant from the Getty Foundation for the iconic church. With this grant, Landmark Columbus—together with Prudon & Partners, Reed-Hilderbrand, Bryony Roberts Studio, Enrique Ramirez, ICR-ICC and others—developed a conservation management plan to provide the historical context and strategic guidance necessary for

2989-418: The sides, at an angle to the faces of the tower, as at St Columba, Cologne . In the 12th and 13th centuries, more ornament was added to the faces of the spires, particularly gabled dormers over the centres of the faces of the towers, as in the southwest tower of Chartres Cathedral . Additional vertical ornament, in the form of slender pinnacles in pyramid shapes, were often placed around the spires, to express

3050-603: The top of the spire is a 5-foot (1.5 m) gold leaf cross, symbolizing Christ's sacrifice. The baptistery is a small space, decorated with a sunburst design, symbolizing the Holy Trinity . It is separate from the main sanctuary, designed to give the ceremony more dignity. The separation between the baptistery and sanctuary also recalls the tradition of the Early Christian church, when only those who were baptized could attend Communion. The North Christian Church

3111-410: The tower's walls, but octagonal spires are either built above a pyramidal transition section called a broach at the spire's base, or else free spaces around the tower's summit for decorative elements like pinnacles . The former solution is known as a broach spire . Small or short spires are known as spikes , spirelets , or flèches . This sense of the word spire is attested in English since

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3172-834: The town's architecture. In 2015, Landmark Columbus was created as a program of Heritage Fund - The Community Foundation of Bartholomew county. In addition to the Columbus Historic District and Irwin Union Bank, the city has numerous buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places , including seven National Historic Landmarks of modernist architecture: Bartholomew County Courthouse , Columbus City Hall , First Baptist Church , First Christian Church , Haw Creek Leather Company , Mabel McDowell Elementary School , McEwen-Samuels-Marr House , McKinley School , Miller House , North Christian Church , and The Republic Newspaper Office . The city

3233-532: The transition between the square base and the octagonal spire. The spires of the late 13th century achieved great height; one example was Fribourg Cathedral in Switzerland, where the gabled lantern and spire reached a height of 385 feet (117 meters). In England, a tall needle spire was sometimes constructed at the edge of tower, with pinnacles at the other corners. The western spires of Lichfield Cathedral are an example. Spires were particularly fragile in

3294-478: The west side of Columbus en route to Seymour . Joseph McKinney was the first to plot the town of Columbus, but no date was recorded. Local history books for years said that the land on which Columbus sits was donated by Tipton. But in 2003, Historic Columbus Indiana acquired a deed showing that Tipton had sold the land. A ferry was established below the confluence of the Flatrock and Driftwood rivers, which form

3355-418: The wind, and a number of English Gothic spires collapsed; notably that of Malmesbury Abbey (1180–1500); Lincoln Cathedral (which had been the tallest in the world) 1349–1549; and Chichester Cathedral (1402–1861). The spire of Salisbury Cathedral , completed in 1320 and 404 feet (123 meters) tall, without the tower, required the addition of buttresses, arches and tie irons to keep it intact. Finally, in 1668

3416-399: Was 2.39, and the average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24 years, 29.5% from 25 to 44 years, 23.0% from 45 to 64 years, and 13.7% over the age of 65. The median age was 36 years. There were 92.8 males for every 100 females and 89.6 males for every 100 females over age 18. The median income for a household in

3477-399: Was bought by General John Tipton and Luke Bonesteel in 1820. Tipton built a log cabin on Mount Tipton, a small hill overlooking White River and the surrounding flat, heavily forested and swampy valley. It held wetlands of the river. The town was first known as Tiptona, named in honor of Tipton. The town's name was changed to Columbus on March 20, 1821. Many people believe Tipton was upset by

3538-509: Was designed to distance the Irwin Union Bank from traditional banking architecture, which mostly echoed imposing, neoclassical style buildings of brick or stone. Tellers were behind iron bars and removed from their customers. Saarinen worked to develop a building that would welcome customers rather than intimidate them. Columbus has been home to many manufacturing companies, including Noblitt-Sparks Industries, which built radios under

3599-574: Was home to footwear pioneer Chuck Taylor , who played basketball in Columbus before setting out to promote his now famous shoes and the sport of basketball before being inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . Two local high schools compete within the state in various sports. Columbus North and Columbus East both have competitive athletics and have many notable athletes that go on to compete in college and beyond. Columbus North High School houses one of

3660-562: Was named as one of "The Ten Most Playful Towns" by Nick Jr. Family Magazine . In the July 2005 edition of GQ magazine, Columbus was named as one of the "62 Reasons to Love Your Country". Columbus won the national contest "America in Bloom" in 2006, and in late 2008, National Geographic Traveler ranked Columbus 11th on its historic destinations list, describing the city as "authentic, unique, and unspoiled." The land developed as Columbus

3721-489: Was one of the most copied buildings from the mid-twentieth century. Although it did not generate much interest during Saarinen's life, the decades that followed produced copies of the building all across the America. It was the last building Saarinen designed before his death, and he thought it was one of his greatest achievements: When I face St. Peter I am able to say that out of the buildings I did during my lifetime, one of

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