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48-701: North Woolwich is an area in the London Borough of Newham in East London , England, on the northern bank of the River Thames , across the river from Woolwich . It is connected to Woolwich by the Woolwich Ferry and Woolwich foot tunnel . Despite lying on the northern, Essex , side of the Thames, the area was within the historic county of Kent . It was part of the parish of Woolwich in

96-507: A car or van, 7.6%; bus, minibus or coach, 7.6%; train, 7.2%; on foot, 4.1%; work mainly at or from home, 1.4%; bicycle, 1.0%. Over 30 London Buses bus routes serve the London Borough of Newham, with main interchanges at Stratford , Stratford City and Beckton bus stations, with large bus interchanges also available at East Ham and Upton Park . Newham is twinned with: The borough adopted West Ham's coat of arms, but with

144-675: A machine in 1837 for covering wires with silk or cotton thread which is now in the London Science Museum (Object Number: 1939-139). The machine may have been Henley's original prototype. Around 1858 Henley developed a needle galvanometer that was installed at the Valentia Island , Ireland shore end of the 1858 transatlantic telegraph cable to receive the first signal from the North American terminus at Heart's Content Cable Station , Newfoundland. That instrument

192-622: A motto adapted from that of East Ham . The arms include the following elements: The borough's motto, "Progress with the People" is an English translation of East Ham's Latin "Progressio cum Populo" . The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Newham. 51°31′N 0°02′E  /  51.517°N 0.033°E  / 51.517; 0.033 William Thomas Henley Henley designed and built

240-634: A partnership with the United States Olympic Committee which resulted in the United States Olympic Team using University of East London campuses as training bases during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Newham has ten libraries (Beckton, Canning Town, Custom House, East Ham, Green Street, Manor Park, North Woolwich, Plaistow, Stratford and Forest Gate). There are a number of local markets in

288-575: A smaller area but with a higher population. It could now be said to consist of the area to the south of King George V Dock and Lock, east of the boundary with the Silvertown area of West Ham . The nearest Docklands Light Railway station is King George V . The King George V DLR station is North Woolwich's principal public transport asset, offering direct links to the City , Canary Wharf (via Poplar ), Stratford and Woolwich . The extension of

336-608: Is a London borough created in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963 . It covers an area previously administered by the Essex county boroughs of West Ham and East Ham , authorities that were both abolished by the same act. The name Newham reflects its creation and combines the compass points of the old borough names. Situated in the Inner London part of East London , Newham has a population of 387,576, which

384-858: Is adjacent to an earlier station which closed in 1979; this housed the Old Station Museum from 1984 until it closed in 2008, which was devoted to the history of the Great Eastern and London and North Eastern railways. North Woolwich is also linked to Woolwich, to its south, by the Woolwich Free Ferry (which connects the North Circular and South Circular roads) and the Woolwich foot tunnel . London Borough of Newham Uma Kumaran (Labour) The London Borough of Newham ( / ˈ nj uː ə m / )

432-461: Is also in the collection of the museum. He set up as a submarine cable maker in 1857 and by 1859 he had his own factory beside the Thames at North Woolwich . Cable cores, the electrical component and its insulation, were obtained from Stephen William Silver and Hugh Adams Silver's India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company or William Hooper's company. He went on to manufacture

480-542: Is one of the biggest primary schools in London. The University of East London has two campuses in Newham: Birkbeck Stratford is a collaboration between Birkbeck, University of London and UEL to increase participation in adult learning. This is based on the UEL/Birkbeck shared campus, USS (University Square Stratford), in the centre of Stratford. The University of East London had formed

528-482: Is recorded in 1204. The boundary between West and East Ham was drawn from the now lost Hamfrith Waste and Hamfrith Wood in the north (then the southernmost parts of Epping Forest which extended as far south as the Romford Road at that time), along Green Street down to the small, also lost, natural harbour known as Ham Creek. Ham Creek was filled-in in the nineteenth century, but the small residual head of

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576-613: Is the fourth highest of the London boroughs and also makes it the 26th most populous district in England. The local authority is Newham London Borough Council . It is 5 miles (8 km) east of the City of London , north of the River Thames (the Woolwich Ferry and Woolwich foot tunnel providing the only crossings to the south), bounded by the River Lea to its west and the North Circular Road to its east. Newham

624-458: The 2001 UK Census identified Newham as the most ethnically diverse district in England and Wales, with 9 wards in the top 15. However, when using the 16 ethnic categories in the Census so that White Irish and White Other ethnic minorities are also included in the analysis, Newham becomes the second-most ethnically diverse borough with six out of the top 15 wards, behind Brent with 7 out of

672-769: The Blackheath hundred , but since 1965 has been in Greater London . Its position within Kent was an arrangement most likely imposed in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest of England from 1066. The placename North Woolwich was probably taken from North Woolwich railway station which opened in 1847 and closed in 2006; before that, the area was referred to by terms such as "Woolwich in Essex", "Kent in Essex" and "detached Woolwich". The area now called North Woolwich

720-586: The CS ; Gomos foundered while laying the cable with loss of 204 nmi (235 mi; 378 km) of cable. La Plata foundered en route to complete the lay on 29 November 1874 in the Bay of Biscay with loss of 58 crew and the cable. Other company cable ships were CS  Africa , CS  Caroline . and CS  Westmeath . W. T. Henley Ltd. was acquired by AEI in 1959, and later became part of GEC following its takeover of AEI in 1967. The company

768-632: The Docklands Light Railway to the area opened in December 2005. Until 2009, this terminated at King George V ; a further extension under the river to Woolwich Arsenal opened in 2009. The disused North Woolwich railway station , which was closed in preparation for future transport developments which will use sections of the line, is situated adjacent to the ferry terminal. This situation means that North Woolwich now sports two old station buildings. The closed North London Line station

816-472: The London Assembly , the borough forms part of the City and East constituency. Newham has, after Barnet and Croydon, the third highest population of the London boroughs, with a population numbering 382,984 as of 2021. Despite growing since the 1980s, it is still drastically lower than its pre-war peak. In the period between 1951 and 1981, Newham's population shrunk by 28.87% owing to factors such as

864-698: The Royal Docks , including the ongoing redevelopment of the former North Woolwich railway station site to provide 348 homes, as well as 75 new homes at Woolwich Reach and 163 apartments at Stories Wharf, in the vicinity of the Woolwich ferry terminal. Unlike many areas of London, North Woolwich had formally-defined boundaries by which it comprised two separate tracts of riverside land. The smaller and more westerly part, containing 68 acres (28 ha), extended west for about 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) from North Woolwich station. The larger detached part, further fragmented by dock facilities, extended east from

912-669: The Royal Victoria Gardens . However as in many areas of London, informal local definitions of districts are more nuanced Most of Pier Road and the Royal Victoria Gardens, as well as King George V DLR station , are, strictly speaking, in a finger of East Ham surrounded by North Woolwich. However, as is so often the case in London, formal boundaries have not proved the deciding factor in defining local areas, and this part of East Ham has also long been regarded as being part of North Woolwich. Conversely,

960-577: The 19th century. The area was formerly the site of industries including the cable works of W. T. Henley (later Associated Electrical Industries ) and the Western Electric Company (later Standard Telephones and Cables ) on the river to the west of the ferry, and a large Harland & Wolff ship building and repair shop at Gallions Point to the south of the King George V Dock entrance lock (not to be confused with their works at

1008-591: The 28 stations in Newham, only 4 stations lack step free access - thanks to the recent age of many of the stations in the borough. As a result of all the recent developments, the borough contains one of only two airports located within the Greater London boundary and currently the only railway station outside of central London that is served by high speed rail. In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 23.0% of all residents aged 16–74; driving

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1056-582: The Borough, including Queens Market, which the council was controversially seeking to redevelop. The proposal was successfully opposed by Friends of Queens Market . 80 hectares within the borough are designated as part of the Metropolitan Green Belt . The local newspaper is the Newham Recorder . See List of districts in the London Borough of Newham for the full list, including neighbourhoods or localities which form part of

1104-561: The UK , after the neighbouring London Borough of Tower Hamlets , at 32%. A 2017 report from Trust for London and the New Policy Institute found that 36% of local employees in Newham are in low paid work; the highest percentage of any London borough. Newham also has a 37% poverty rate, which is the second-highest rate in London. Newham is very ethnically diverse. When using Simpson's Diversity Index on 10 aggregated ethnic groups,

1152-514: The UK. In 2018, Newham had the lowest life expectancy and the highest rate of heart disease of all London boroughs together with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets . In 2019, the BBC reported that Newham had the highest rate of tuberculosis in the UK at 107 per 100 000 population, which was higher than Rwanda (69) and Iraq (45) according to WHO figures from 2013. More than 80% of TB cases in London occur in people born abroad. The UK average

1200-592: The area increased due to the construction of Bow Bridge , the only bridge over the Lea , and the creation of Stratford Langthorne Abbey . The local authority is Newham Council, which meets at Newham Town Hall in East Ham and has its main offices at 1000 Dockside Road, overlooking the Royal Albert Dock . Since 2002 the council has been led by a directly elected Mayor of Newham . Since 2000, for elections to

1248-431: The area of the eastern part that lies north of the docks – an area of employment land, infrastructure facilities and post-industrial dereliction, with very few residents – is more usually seen as being part of Beckton , an area that has never had any formal definition. In summary, the area now commonly considered as North Woolwich differs markedly from the two areas which formerly had the association with Woolwich, covering

1296-643: The areas listed below. The borough is covered by the following ecclesiastical parishes of the Church of England : Since the 1980s, public transport in Newham has undergone many upgrades and improvements are still continuing to this day. The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) first opened in 1987, and was extended from Tower Hamlets through to Beckton in 1994. The network has undergone many extensions since, including to serve London City Airport , as well as Stratford International station in 2011 after its High Speed 1 link opened in late 2009. The Jubilee Line Extension

1344-485: The areas of the county borough of East Ham and the county borough of West Ham that were abolished by the same act. These in turn were successors to the ancient civil and ecclesiastical parishes of East Ham and West Ham . Green Street and Boundary Road mark the former boundary between the two. North Woolwich also became part of the borough (previously part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich ,

1392-449: The borough as an entirely new name. The area of the modern borough was at one time occupied by a manor (an estate or landholding with certain legal responsibilities) called 'Ham'. The name comes from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring to the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea , Thames and Roding and their marshes. The first known written use of

1440-461: The creek still formed the boundary between the two areas into the late 20th century, when what remained was also filled in. The formation of the modern borough in 1965 saw the merger of West and East Ham , together with North Woolwich and Barking west of the River Roding . Little Ilford had become part of East Ham as part of earlier local government reorganisations. The prosperity of

1488-720: The district providing education in a mix of Foundation , community and voluntary aided schools. The borough also owns and operates Debden House , a residential adult education college in Loughton , Essex , and is home to the Rosetta Art Centre , a dedicated visual art organisation which delivers courses at its base in Stratford and produces participatory art projects, programmes and initiatives. The Essex Primary School in Sheridan Road with over 900 pupils

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1536-472: The end of the 12th century these manors were being served, singly or in groups of manors, by the familiar ancient parishes of West Ham , East Ham and Little Ilford (now also known as Manor Park), with some areas by the Roding a part of Barking , and the area now known as North Woolwich attached to Woolwich. The earliest recorded use of the name West Ham, Westhamma , comes in 1186, and East Ham, Estham ,

1584-533: The lands of his new Kingdom between them. Amongst the foremost of these was Hamo , Steward to the king and Sheriff of Kent , who was given manors in Essex , Kent and Surrey . The Domesday Book of 1086 shows Hamo as holding land on both sides of the river as part of the manor of Woolwich . The widely-held view is that the upheaval of the conquest gave Hamo an opportunity to attach some of his land in Essex to his manor of Woolwich and by extension to his Sheriffdom of Kent . In so doing he became both lord of

1632-421: The largest single group in the borough at 15.9%. "White British" are the second largest group at 14.8%, with "White Other" third largest at 14.6%, "African" fourth largest at 11.6%, "Indian" next largest at 11% and then "Pakistani" at 8.9%. Newham has had a large Asian community for many decades; more than half of Newham's Upton and Kensington wards were of ethnic minority origin in 1981. The nationality to increase

1680-526: The majority of which lay south of the River Thames ), as did a small area around Gallions Reach west of the River Roding which had previously been part of the Municipal Borough of Barking . East Ham, West Ham and Barking had all historically been part of the county of Essex , whilst Woolwich had been part of Kent prior to becoming part of the County of London in 1889. Newham was devised for

1728-426: The manor and Sheriff on both sides of the ferry crossing , an arrangement that allowed him to more effectively tax the revenues of the ferry. This enhanced control of the crossing may also have given him personal military and political advantages. The parish of Woolwich developed from the manor, and administered North Woolwich until 1889 when it was replaced by the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich and made part of

1776-546: The most in number since 1991 is the Bangladeshi community. Newham has the largest total population of Asian origin in London; it is notably a borough with high populations of all three largest British Asian nationalities, having the 5th highest Indian population in London and the 2nd highest each for both Pakistani and Bangladeshi. Newham has 1,340 residents who were born in Ukraine, the highest population of Ukrainians in

1824-470: The new County of London . The neighbouring areas' local authorities of East Ham , West Ham and Barking , while also heavily urbanised, were excluded from the new London authority to remain in Essex; and so North Woolwich remained an anomaly at county level. Local administration changed again in 1965, with the creation of the London Borough of Newham as part of a new Greater London area. North Woolwich joined West Ham , East Ham and other areas between

1872-449: The rivers Lea , Thames and Roding to form an authority which effectively reestablished the old area of Ham. The administrative association with Woolwich ended at that time, and Woolwich itself became part of a new London Borough of Greenwich , whereas North Woolwich became part of the London Borough of Newham . It appears that a hamlet in the area was destroyed by medieval floods and the area remained uninhabited from that time until

1920-434: The shore ends of the second Transatlantic cable in 1865. The firm eventually extended operations to manufacturing gutta-percha and rubber core as well as cable laying and repair. W.T. Henley's Telegraph Works Co., Ltd acquired cable ships for cables it would lay as well as manufacture. One, CS  La Plata , was chartered by Siemens Brothers Ltd. to lay cable between Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Chuy, Uruguay after

1968-403: The term, as 'Hamme', is in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958, in which King Edgar granted the area to Ealdorman Athelstan. The territory was undivided at that time. A subsequent charter of 1037 describes a transfer of land which has been identified with East Ham, indicating that the division of the territory occurred between 958 and 1037. The Domesday Book shows landholdings divided further, and by

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2016-482: The top 15 wards. Newham has the lowest percentage of both total White and White British residents of all of London's boroughs. The joint-lowest wards with White British population are Green Street East and Green Street West, each having 4.8% – the third-lowest behind Southall Broadway and Southall Green in Ealing . East Ham North follows closely, at 4.9%. As of the 2021 UK census, people of "Bangladeshi" ethnicity are

2064-459: The war bombings and the increasingly high unemployment. The redevelopment of the Docklands as well as development related to the 2012 Olympics have contributed to reversing its declining trend. Newham has the youngest overall population and one of the lowest White British populations in the country according to the 2011 UK Census . The borough has the second-highest percentage of Muslims in

2112-565: The western end of the dock). Often on the day of launch of a new ship, the company would invite children from the local primary school (Storey Street, now closed) to witness the event. The population peaked just before the First World War , and reduced substantially in the Second World War when it was heavily bombed. In the last decade, North Woolwich has seen major redevelopment as part of wider urban regeneration across

2160-474: Was 13. Religion in Newham as of 2021 The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Newham according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. A 2017 report by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute finds that the GCSE attainment gap between advantaged and disadvantaged pupils in Newham is the 4th best out of 32 London boroughs. The Borough is the education authority for

2208-478: Was completed in 1999, including new or improved stations at Canning Town , West Ham and Stratford . The DLR network compensates for Newham's lack of tube stations, of which there are only 6, in comparison with other London boroughs. The Crossrail scheme - opening as the Elizabeth line in 2022 - also delivered improved rail connections to several stations as it heads through the borough on an east west axis. Of

2256-642: Was one of the six host boroughs for the 2012 Summer Olympics and contains most of the Olympic Park including the London Stadium , and also contains the London City Airport . Major districts include East Ham , West Ham , Stratford , Plaistow , Forest Gate , Beckton and Canning Town . The borough was formed on 1 April 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , as a borough of the newly formed Greater London . It broadly covered

2304-715: Was originally in the eastern part of the Manor of Ham , in the Becontree hundred of Essex ; a territory that was subsequently divided into the more familiar West and East Ham , sometime in the 12th century. North Woolwich appears to have been separated a century or so before that time, following the Norman conquest . Having defeated the English, William the Conqueror rewarded his followers and consolidated his rule, by dividing

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