43-958: Northcliffe may refer to: People [ edit ] Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe , a press baron. Places [ edit ] Australia [ edit ] Northcliffe, Queensland , a town on Facing Island in Gladstone Harbour in the Gladstone Region Northcliffe, Western Australia , a town in Western Australia. United States [ edit ] Northcliffe, Texas , an unincorporated community in Harris County, Texas, United States. Northcliffe Manor, Texas , an unincorporated community in Harris County, Texas, United States Others [ edit ] Northcliffe Media ,
86-451: A coalition government (the other causal event was the resignation of Admiral Fisher as First Sea Lord ). Northcliffe's newspapers propagandized for creating a Minister of Munitions , which was held first by David Lloyd George , and helped to bring about Lloyd George's appointment as prime minister in 1916. Lloyd George offered Northcliffe a job in his cabinet, but Northcliffe refused and was instead appointed director for propaganda. Such
129-407: A different matter and concentrate on that.... Boyish the limited range of his intellect, which seldom concerns itself with anything but the immediate, the obvious, the popular. Boyish his irresponsibility, his disinclination to take himself or his publications seriously; his conviction that whatever benefits them is justifiable, and that it is not his business to consider the effect of their contents on
172-549: A flaming torch on each book's spine. By the 1950s, the binding is red. There is also at least one green bound version that dates from the 1920s. One edition with a red binding and art deco patterning on the spine dates to the mid 1930s. In the mid-1960s the Library of Congress reported only the 1925 edition in 10 volumes and another edition in 1953, though a 1960 printing under the Waverley Book Company imprint
215-433: A lust for power and for money, while leaving the accounting paperwork to his brother Harold. He imagined himself Napoleon reborn and resembled the emperor physically and in terms of his enormous energy and ambition. Above all, he had a boyish enthusiasm for everything. Norman Fyfe , an intimate friend, described him: Boyish in his power of concentration upon the matter of the moment, boyish in his readiness to turn swiftly to
258-434: A madman but historians say it was a physical malady. He went on a world tour to revive himself, but it failed to do so. He died of endocarditis in his London house, No. 1 Carlton House Gardens , on 14 August 1922. He left three months' pay to each of his six thousand employees. The viscountcy, barony, and baronetcy of Northcliffe became extinct. A monument to Northcliffe at St Dunstan-in-the-West , Fleet Street, London,
301-416: A moderate and liberal way in many areas: other "races", although inferior according to the text, were to be treated with respect, and imperialism was justified only if it improved the lot of its subjects. At a time when the relation between science and religion was controversial, the encyclopaedia supported evolution and it did not see any contradiction between religious teachings and Darwin 's views. It
344-505: A newspaper publisher. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Northcliffe . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northcliffe&oldid=1030047263 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
387-780: A powerful role during the First World War , especially by criticizing the government regarding the Shell Crisis of 1915 . He directed a mission to the new ally, the United States, during 1917, and was director of enemy propaganda during 1918. His Amalgamated Press employed writers such as Arthur Mee and John Hammerton , and its subsidiary, the Educational Book Company, published The Harmsworth Self-Educator , The Children's Encyclopædia , and Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopaedia . Challenging
430-482: A supplement of news entitled The Little Paper , the forerunner of Arthur Mee's Children's Newspaper , launched in 1919. The Children's Encyclopædia sold 800,000 copies in 12 editions before being extensively revised in the early 1920s. The new 59-part, 7,412-page, 10-volume series debuted in October 1922 as The Children's Encyclopedia , the digraph having been dropped, and went through 14 editions by 1946 under
473-483: A time at 31 Pandora Road, West Hampstead; this site is now marked with an English Heritage blue plaque. Northcliffe was the subject of a number of fictionalized portrayals. One of the earliest was the character of Mr. Whelpdale in George Gissing 's 1891 novel New Grub Street . Whelpdale publishes a magazine called Chit-Chat (similar to Northcliffe's Answers ), which is aimed at "the quarter-educated; that
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#1732765694557516-587: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (15 July 1865 – 14 August 1922), was a British newspaper and publishing magnate. As owner of the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror , he was an early developer of popular journalism, and he exercised vast influence over British popular opinion during
559-577: Is to say the great new generation that is being turned out by the Board Schools, the young men and women who can just read, but are incapable of sustained attention". Arnold Bennett 's 1909 West End play What the Public Wants centers on Sir Charles Worgan, a profit-hungry media baron based on Northcliffe. J. B. Fagan 's 1910 play The Earth features a satirical version of Northcliffe, Sir Felix Janion, who uses sexual blackmail to prevent
602-628: The Daily Mail in the years just before the First World War in which the newspaper displayed "a virulent anti-German sentiment" caused The Star to declare, "Next to the Kaiser, Lord Northcliffe has done more than any living man to bring about the war". His newspapers, especially The Times , reported the Shell Crisis of 1915 with such zeal that it helped to end the Liberal government of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith , which forced Asquith to form
645-741: The Edinburgh Daily Record . That same year he funded an expedition to Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic with the intention of making attempts to travel to the North Pole. On 4 May 1896 he began publishing the Daily Mail in London, which was a success, having the world record for daily circulation until Harmsworth's death; taglines of the Daily Mail included "the busy man's daily journal" and "the penny newspaper for one halfpenny". Prime Minister Robert Cecil , Lord Salisbury, said it
688-571: The Educational Book Company published the Harmsworth Self-Educator , The Children's Encyclopædia , and Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopaedia . He brought his younger brothers into his media empire, and they all flourished: Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere , Cecil Harmsworth, 1st Baron Harmsworth , Sir Leicester Harmsworth, 1st Baronet and Sir Hildebrand Harmsworth, 1st Baronet . Harmsworth
731-491: The Edwardian era . Lord Beaverbrook said he was "the greatest figure who ever strode down Fleet Street ." About the beginning of the 20th century there were increasing attempts to develop popular journalism intended for the working class and tending to emphasize sensational topics. Harmsworth was the main innovator. He said, "News is something someone wants to suppress. Everything else is advertising." Lord Northcliffe had
774-412: The approach to education, aiming to make learning interesting and enjoyable. Its articles were clearly written and intended to develop character and sense of duty. The articles expressed pride for Great Britain and its empire . Christianity was held to be the only true religion. Europeans were clearly the most advanced and there were hints of the eugenic ideas of Caleb Saleeby. This was presented in
817-741: The dominance in popularity of the " penny dreadfuls " among British children, from the 1890s Harmsworth half-penny periodicals, such as Illustrated Chips , would enjoy a virtual monopoly of comics in the UK until the emergence of DC Thomson comics in the 1930s. Born in Chapelizod , County Dublin, the son of Alfred and Geraldine Harmsworth , he was educated at Stamford School in Lincolnshire , England, from 1876 and at Henley House School in Kilburn, London from 1878. A master at Henley House who
860-451: The imprint of The Educational Book Co. Translations appeared in France , Italy , Spain , Brazil and China . New editions of the encyclopaedia continued after Mee's death in 1943; the final, much revised, edition, still entitled Arthur Mee's Children's Encyclopedia , appeared in 1964. While the encyclopaedia itself did not carry any copyright or publishing dates, clues are present in
903-498: The modern press. Developments he introduced or harnessed remain central: broad contents, exploitation of advertising revenue to subsidize prices, aggressive marketing, subordinate regional markets, independence from party control. According to Piers Brendon : The A. Harmsworth Glacier in North Greenland was named by Robert Peary in his honour. (Northcliffe had provided a ship for the expedition). Northcliffe lived for
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#1732765694557946-603: The morning newspaper circulation, 45% of the evening and 15% of the Sunday circulation in Britain. Northcliffe's ownership of The Times , the Daily Mail and other newspapers meant that his editorials influenced both "the classes and the masses". That meant that in an era before radio, television or internet, Northcliffe dominated the British press "as it never has been before or since by one man". Northcliffe's editorship of
989-576: The passing of a bill which would provide a minimum wage for his employees. Throughout his newspaper career Northcliffe promoted the ideas which resulted in the Group Settlement Scheme . The scheme promised land in Western Australia to British settlers prepared to emigrate and develop the land. A town founded specifically to assist the new settlements was named Northcliffe , in recognition of Lord Northcliffe's promotion of
1032-659: The public mind. In 1903 Harmsworth initiated the Harmsworth Cup , the first international award for motorboat racing. Harmsworth was a friend of Claude Johnson , chief executive of Rolls-Royce Limited , and during the years preceding the First World war became an enthusiast of the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost car. Lord Northcliffe's health declined during 1921 due mainly to a streptococcal infection . His mental health collapsed; he acted like
1075-514: The relentless acquisition of newspapers and perfection of their "copy," was the simple incorporation of millions of readers into his press empire. A. J. P. Taylor , however, says, "Northcliffe could destroy when he used the news properly. He could not step into the vacant place. He aspired to power instead of influence, and as a result forfeited both." P. P. Catterall and Colin Seymour-Ure conclude that: More than anyone [he] ... shaped
1118-447: The scheme. The Children%27s Encyclop%C3%A6dia The Children's Encyclopædia was an encyclopaedia originated by Arthur Mee , and published by the Educational Book Company, a subsidiary of Northcliffe 's Amalgamated Press , London. It was published from 1908 to 1964. Walter M. Jackson 's company Grolier acquired the rights to publish it in the U.S. under the name The Book of Knowledge (1910). The encyclopaedia
1161-431: The title used and the colour and design on the cover as to the approximate age of a complete collection. The initial release of The Children's Encyclopædia featured the spelling "Encyclopædia" and was initially an 8 volume collection, bound in brown. All other revisions used the spelling "Encyclopedia" and were a 10 volume collection. 1920 versions have blue binding. By the 1940s the binding is brown in colour, and displays
1204-497: The world, Amalgamated Press . His half-penny periodicals published in the 1890s played a role in the decline of the Victorian penny dreadfuls . Harmsworth was an early developer of popular journalism. He bought several failing newspapers and made them into an enormously profitable news group, primarily by appealing to the general public. He began with The Evening News during 1894, and then merged two Edinburgh papers to form
1247-650: Was "written by office boys for office boys". Harmsworth then transformed a Sunday newspaper, the Weekly Dispatch , into the Sunday Dispatch , then the greatest circulation Sunday newspaper in Britain. He also initiated the Harmsworth Magazine (later London Magazine 1898–1915), utilizing one of Britain's best editors, Beckles Willson , who had been editor of many successful publications, including The Graphic . During 1899 Harmsworth
1290-567: Was Northcliffe's influence on anti-German propaganda during the World War I that a German warship was sent to shell his house, Elmwood, in Broadstairs , in an attempt to assassinate him. His former residence still bears a shell hole out of respect for his gardener's wife, who was killed in the attack. On 6 April 1919, Lloyd George made an excoriating attack on Harmsworth, terming his arrogance "diseased vanity". By then, Harmsworth's influence
1333-405: Was born when Harmsworth was seventeen years old; the mother was a sixteen-year-old maidservant in his parents' home. Smith died during 1930, allegedly in a mental home. By 1900, Harmsworth had acquired a new mistress, an Irishwoman named Kathleen Wrohan, about whom little is known but her name; they had two further sons and a daughter, and she died in 1923. By 1914 Northcliffe controlled 40% of
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1376-733: Was created Viscount Northcliffe , of St Peter's in the County of Kent, for his service as the director of the British war mission in the United States. Alfred Harmsworth married Mary Elizabeth Milner on 11 April 1888. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) and Dame of Grace, Order of St John (D.St.J) during 1918. They did not have any children together. Lord Northcliffe had four acknowledged children by two different women. The first, Alfred Benjamin Smith,
1419-568: Was created a Baronet , of Elmwood, in the parish of St Peters in the County of Kent in 1904. In 1905, Harmsworth was raised to the peerage as Baron Northcliffe , of the Isle of Thanet in the County of Kent . The peerage was requested by King Edward VII , and was alleged to have been purchased. It remains a matter of speculation. He is reported to have joked that when he wanted a peerage he would buy one, "like an honest man." In 1918, Harmsworth
1462-474: Was decreasing. Northcliffe's enemies accused him of power without responsibility, but his papers were a factor in settling the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, and his mission to the United States, from June through to October 1917, has been judged successful by historians. Northcliffe's personality shaped his career. He was monolingual and not well-educated and knew little history or science. He had
1505-589: Was gaining influence, sparked by the discovery that an illustration contained in The Book of Knowledge , which had been stored in a local library for decades, portrayed the Archangel Gabriel dictating portions of the Quran to Muhammad . Muslims offended by a visual depiction of Muhammad caused riots which left four dead and over a hundred wounded. The sale of the encyclopedia was then banned, although it
1548-402: Was later assisted by his brother Harold , who was adept in business matters. Harmsworth had an intuitive sense for what the reading public wanted to buy, and began a series of cheap but successful periodicals, such as Comic Cuts (tagline: "Amusing without being Vulgar") and the journal Forget-Me-Not for women. From these periodicals, he developed the largest periodical publishing company in
1591-839: Was originally organised into sections but there were changes in subsequent editions. Some titles covered scientific subjects such as geology , biology and astronomy but such scientific terms were generally avoided. Mee wrote an introduction called a "Greeting" and a "farewell". He took a strong interest in the "Book of Wonder", in which the Wise Man answered questions posed by children. The illustrations were mostly anonymous but some illustrators included Susan Beatrice Pearse , C. E. Brock , Thomas Maybank , George F. Morrell , Dudley Heath , Charles Folkard , H. R. Millar , Alexander Francis Lydon , Arthur A. Dixon and Arthur Rackham . The books used photographs by Frank Hinkins , engravings, maps and graphics. The encyclopaedia broke ground in
1634-434: Was originally published in fortnightly parts between March 1908 and February 1910. Some readers could have bound their collections, but the first eight-volume sets were published in 1910. Each section contained a variety of articles, developing topics as it progressed. The work could be used as a conventional reference library, as the last volume had an alphabetical index, or each section could be read from start to finish. It
1677-584: Was recorded as being the 28th edition. It was apparently also published under the names Harmsworth's Children's Encyclopedia and Mee's Children's Encyclopedia . The set was bought out by the Grolier Society in 1963, when it was announced that the encyclopaedia would be phased out by 1970. In May 1973 riots occurred in Jammu and Kashmir , India , in an area where the Jamaat-e-Islami
1720-562: Was responsible for the unprecedented success of a charitable appeal for the dependents of soldiers fighting in the South African War by inviting Rudyard Kipling and Arthur Sullivan to write the song " The Absent-Minded Beggar ". Harmsworth also initiated The Daily Mirror during 1903, and rescued the financially desperate The Observer and The Times during 1905 and 1908, respectively. During 1908, he also acquired The Sunday Times . The Amalgamated Press subsidiary
1763-531: Was to prove important to his future was J. V. Milne, the father of A. A. Milne , who according to H. G. Wells was at school with him at the time and encouraged Harmsworth to start the school magazine. In 1880 he first visited the Sylvan Debating Club , founded by his father, and of which he later served as Treasurer. Beginning as a freelance journalist, he initiated his first newspaper, Answers (original title: Answers to Correspondents ), and
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1806-550: Was unveiled in 1930. The obelisk was designed by Edwin Lutyens and the bronze bust is by Kathleen Scott . His body was buried at East Finchley Cemetery in North London. Historian Ian Christopher Fletcher states: Northcliffe's drive for success and respectability found its main outlet in the commercial world of journalism, not the political world the parties and parliaments. Perhaps his greatest accomplishment, underlying
1849-399: Was widely sold. It was used by schools and for teacher training. It gives insight into the social values of the society that created it. As the initial run ended, it was reissued as the monthly New Children's Encyclopædia . The title changed, becoming Children's Encyclopædia Magazine , Children's Magazine and, finally, My Magazine in 1914. From September 1910, the magazine included
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