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26-648: The NDC was formed in July 1968, as a radical breakaway from the Third National Conference of Teaching and Research on Criminology at the University of Cambridge by seven individuals. These seven were Kit Carson, Stan Cohen, David Downes, Mary Susan McIntosh , Paul Rock, Ian Taylor and Jock Young. Sir Leon Radzinowicz , one of the most important figures in post-war criminology in Britain, recounts

52-579: A BSc in Economics in 1967, before gaining MSc's in Economics and Social Policy there too. From 1997 until his retirement in 2003 he was Professor of Criminology at Middlesex University . He has subsequently been visiting Professor at the Universities of Brighton, Leicester, Roehampton and Goldsmiths (University of London) His research interests include policing, organised crime, the historical development of crime and criminal justice institutions,

78-568: A joint conference with the Conference of Socialist Economists Law and the State Group under the title 'Capitalist Discipline and the Rule of Law', the book Capitalism and the Rule of Law a product of this work. In his contribution in this book, Jock Young first coined the term left idealism and is said to have been converted to left realism . The conference was revived in 2011 and held at

104-503: A psychiatric or clinical pathology, homosexuality and same sex relationships were influenced by historical and cultural factors, and that "homosexual" is a social category coercively imposed on some individuals for the purpose of social control. This paper has been described as being crucial in the shaping of social constructionism , a theory later developed by, and widely attributed to, the French philosopher Michel Foucault . McIntosh

130-736: A small group of lesbians who contributed to founding and shaping the direction of the London Gay Liberation Front at the London School of Economics . McIntosh was influential within the Gay Liberation Front and was one of the small group that authored the Gay Liberation Front: Manifesto in 1971. Along with a group of feminist colleagues McIntosh founded the journal Feminist Review in 1979, and remained an active member of

156-479: A wide range of courses covering criminology, theory, sociology, social policy, the family, gender studies, feminism and Marxism. McIntosh's earliest research was in the field of criminology and the sociology of homosexuality . In 1968 she published the paper "The Homosexual Role" in the journal Social Problems . Based on a survey of gay men in Leicester and London, this paper argued that rather than being

182-588: Is held by the London School of Economics and Political Science Library. John Lea (criminologist) John Lea is a British left realist criminologist. For many years he was based at the Centre for Criminology and the Crime and Conflict Research Centre, Middlesex University in the United Kingdom. He graduated from the London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London with

208-560: The Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies focussed on "sub-cultures of imagination and resistance". David Downes and Paul Rock put forward an interactionist approach in response to the neo-marxists in their 1979 compilation, Deviant Interpretations. Their penultimate conference was entitled, Permissiveness and Control, and was held in 1977, where the NDC announced its end. In January 1979 they held their last conference,

234-596: The London Business School . Both parents were socialists, members of the 1917 Club and later the Communist Party . Her elder brother, Andrew Robert McIntosh , was a Labour politician and minister who was created a life peer , Lord McIntosh of Haringey, in 1982. McIntosh was educated at High Wycombe School for Girls and St Anne's College, Oxford , where she read Philosophy, Politics and Economics . After graduating in 1958, she moved to

260-566: The University of Leicester from 1963 to 1968. She later worked at Borough Polytechnic from 1968 to 1972, and as a research fellow studying prostitution at Nuffield College , Oxford, from 1972 to 1975. She joined the University of Essex in 1975 as a lecturer in the Department of Sociology. She later became the first female head of the department, and remained at the university until she retired in 1996. Throughout her career she taught

286-511: The University of York . Many of the original contributors attended, including Jock Young , Stanley Cohen and Tony Jefferson. New blood mixed with the old, and speeches from scholars such as Robert Reiner, Steve Hall, Keith Hayward, Simon Hallsworth, Paul Hamilton, Phil Hodgeson John Lea , Mike Sutton , Simon Winlow, Andrew Wilson, Kevin Stenson and Mark Horsley called for new theories to analyse crime and control in today's world. The conference

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312-521: The Study of Deviance and Control. However, by the mid-1970s conferences began to be held less regularly, and academics worked on their own individual branch of critical criminology . Ian Taylor , Jock Young and Paul Walton wrote the groundbreaking The New Criminology in 1973, following that with the edited collection, Critical Criminology , in 1975 writing on the need for a marxist, "fully social" theory of deviance. Whereas those around Stuart Hall , at

338-860: The United States where she worked as a graduate student and teaching assistant in the Sociology Department at the University of California, Berkeley . In 1960, she was deported from the US for speaking out against the House Un-American Activities Committee . On her return to the UK, McIntosh worked as a researcher for the Home Office from 1961 to 1963 before taking up the post of lecturer in Sociology at

364-769: The University of Essex in 1996, McIntosh worked with the Citizens Advice Bureau in Islington, North London. She entered a civil partnership with Angela Stewart-Park in 2005. After suffering a first stroke in 2010, she died at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London on 5 January 2013 after suffering a second stroke. Her remains were cremated at Marylebone cemetery on 18 January. Her archive composed of correspondence, research notes, campaigning materials, journals and ephemera

390-570: The field of academic criminology in the mid-1970s, she was a member of the Policy Advisory Committee to the Criminal Law Revision Committee from 1976 to 1985 which reviewed legislation relating to sexual offences. Through this committee, she was involved in efforts to lower the age of male homosexual consent from 21 to 18. In 1970, McIntosh and her partner Elizabeth Wilson (author) were among

416-777: The formation of the National Deviancy Symposium: "I do not wish to end this account without mentioning a rather amusing episode. Right in the middle of the Third National ( Criminology ) Conference, taking place in Cambridge in July 1968, a group of seven young social scientists and criminologists, participants of the Conference, met secretly and decided to establish an independent 'National Deviancy Conference' and soon afterwards they duly met in York. At

442-473: The journal collective until the early 1990s. McIntosh was committed to campaigning for the legal and financial rights of married and co-habiting women, a cause she pursued with the Fifth Demand Group. McIntosh was also an active member of Feminists Against Censorship , a group of sex positive feminists founded in 1989, who argued against censorship of pornography and defended sexual expression and

468-622: The new generation of British criminologists against what appeared to be the stolid establishment of Criminology as personified by the Cambridge Institute and probably also by its first Director." As Radzinowcz's account shows National Deviancy Conference was initially "deeply critical of the medico-psychological assumptions, social democratic politics, and atheoretical programme of what they termed 'positivist criminology'." The group proceeded to organise 13 conferences between 1968 and 1973, publishing three sets of conference papers in

494-520: The process. The group also tried to provide a financial support and a forum for campaign groups around criminal justice, such as "the gay, women's, mental patients' and prisoners' movements" such as Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners (PROP), Radical Alternatives to Prison (RAP) and People not Psychiatry. Of the group's biggest successes was helping to set up in 1974 the European Group for

520-405: The right to produce sexually explicit material. McIntosh argued against radical separatist feminist critiques of pornography. Throughout her life McIntosh continued to forge links between the gay liberation movement, the women's movement and lesbian movements. McIntosh espoused a sophisticated Marxist feminism and was a member of the Communist Party from 1974. Following her retirement from

546-432: The role of the private sector in criminal justice and the relationship between crime, war and security. Lea was one of the key founders of the left realist approach alongside Jock Young , Roger Matthews , Richard Kinsey and Ian Taylor, His book with Jock Young, 'What is to be Done About Law and Order?' (1984) was a founding text of the left realist school. This was followed by, (with Richard Kinsey and Jock Young) 'Losing

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572-503: The time, it reminded me a little of naughty schoolboys, playing a nasty game on their stern headmaster. It was not necessary to go 'underground' because we were not in any way opposed to discussing new approaches to the sociology of deviance ... Although not invited to their conference in York I asked one of my senior colleagues in the Institute to go there as an observer. "My attitude was by no means hostile or patronizing. As I stated at

598-441: The time, movements in ideas, like life in general, often lead to seeming unexpected baffling results. Those were the years of dissent, protest and ferment in the United States with their unmistakable echoes in Britain. They affected not only the ways people acted, but also their thinking on many matters relating to social life and its reinterpretations. But it was also a reaction to some extent inevitable and to some extent misguided of

624-462: Was a British sociologist, feminist, political activist and campaigner for lesbian and gay rights in the United Kingdom. Mary Susan McIntosh was born on 13 March 1936 in Hampstead, North London, to Helena Agnes (Jenny) Britton and her husband Albert William McIntosh, a Jedburgh -born businessman and graduate of the University of Edinburgh , who went on to become the first Professor of Marketing at

650-634: Was critical of the orthodox view of criminology and in 1967 became one of the co-founders of the National Deviancy Symposium following the Third National Conference of Teaching and Research on Criminology at the University of Cambridge . Influenced by sociological approaches and American symbolic interactionism , the Symposium aimed to challenge dominant orthodoxies of crime and deviance and to instigate radical and critical approaches to criminology. Although McIntosh moved away from

676-599: Was organized by Simon Winlow and Rowland Atkinson. The National Deviancy Conference was held again at Teesside University in 2014. The theme was 'critical criminology and post-crash capitalism'. It was organized by the Teesside Centre for Realist Criminology . The plenary speakers were Rowland Atkinson, Emaonn Carrabine, Walter DeKeseredy , Steve Hall, Keith J. Hayward, John Lea, Maggie O'Neill, Vincenzo Ruggerio and Sandra Walklate. Mary Susan McIntosh Mary Susan McIntosh (13 March 1936 – 5 January 2013)

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