The National Institute of Indigenous Peoples ( Spanish : Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas , INPI, Tzotzil : Instituto Ta Sjunul Jlumaltik Sventa Batsi Jnaklometik, Q'eqchi' : Molam Tk’anjelaq Chi Rixeb’ Laj Ralch’och’ , Ixil : Jejleb’al Unq’a Tenam Kumool , Chocholtec : Ncha ndíe kie tía ndie xadë Ndaxingu, Awakatek : Ama’l Iloltetz e’ Kmon Qatanum ) is a decentralized agency of the Mexican Federal Public Administration . It was established on December 4, 2018, though the earliest Mexican government agency for indigenous matters was created in 1948. It is headquartered in Mexico City and headed by Adelfo Regino Montes .
18-550: The National Indigenist Institute was established in 1948, with the initial goal of integrating indigenous people into the national culture. The agency carried out health and education campaigns, and it also relocated more than 22,000 people displaced by the construction of the Miguel Alemán Dam in Oaxaca. Three years later, it established the first Indigenous Coordination Center, at San Cristóbal de las Casas , Chiapas. In
36-600: A new agency, the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples ( Spanish : Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas ), which took on all of the CDI's functions and responsibilities. Incoming president Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced on August 14, 2018, that the CDI would be replaced with a new National Institute of Indigenous Peoples, announcing Adelfo Regino Montes,
54-484: Is a massive structure of packed earth and gravel. The reservoir covers 22,000 hectares, joined by a channel to the 47,800 hectare reservoir formed by the Miguel Alemán, giving a combined capacity of 13,380 million m . There are plans to add hydroelectric generation capacity to the dam, delivering about 10.8 megawatts. Approximately 26,000 local people were forced to move. The original plan had been to move
72-844: Is on the Tonto River in the Papaloapan Region of Oaxaca state in southern Mexico , just upstream from the town of Temascal, Oaxaca , forming the Miguel Alemán Lake with an area of 47,800 hectares. The dam operates in conjunction with the Cerro de Oro Dam , located on the Santo Domingo River to control floods in the Papaloapan basin in Veracruz state. Together with the 22,000 hectare reservoir of
90-579: Is too far to travel to school every day. The National Institute of Indigenous Peoples operates the Cultural Indigenous Broadcasting System, which operates 21 radio stations primarily transmitting on AM frequencies and four low-power stations at Mayan schools in the state of Yucatán . The first station, XEZV-AM in Tlapa de Comonfort , Guerrero, signed on in 1979. Miguel Alem%C3%A1n Dam The Miguel Alemán Dam
108-578: The Cerro de Oro Dam on the Santo Domingo was required to fully control the floods. The dam was initiated by the government of President Miguel Alemán Valdés in 1947 and construction started in 1949. The dam was named for the president's father, Miguel Alemán González. The dam created a 2,300,000-acre (9,300 km ) reservoir, provided a large portion of the region's growing electricity demand and provided an assured irrigation supply for thousands of new fruit, dairy, and vegetable farms. However,
126-648: The Tonto River to control floods in the Papaloapan basin in Veracruz state. Construction began in 1973 and the dam was completed in May 1989. About 26,000 people were displaced by the project. Water quality in the reservoir is poor and deteriorating, affecting fish catches. The Santo Domingo joins the Valle Nacional River below the dam to form the Papaloapan river, which is joined by the Tonto river to
144-468: The 1970s, the focus of the agency shifted to "elevating" the life of indigenous people to help them participate in the national life, and later to assisting them while protecting their right to preserve their ethnic identity. On May 21, 2003, the Act on the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples ( Spanish : Ley de la Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas ) created
162-579: The Cerro de Oro, which is joined by a channel to the Miguel Alemán Lake, the combined capacity is 13,380 million cubic metres . The lake formed by the dam is scenic, providing income from fishing and tourism. The northwestern shore and islands have been declared a nature reserve. The dam includes the Temascal hydroelectric plant. The Santo Domingo and the Tonto rivers join to the south of
180-541: The city of San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec to form the Papaloapan river, which meanders northeastward to the Gulf of Mexico . The basin of this river in the coastal plain was subject to frequent flooding, with the damage sometimes compounded by cyclones. A particularly severe flood in September 1944 covered 470,000 hectares, with great loss of life and property. The Miguel Aleman dam reduced the problem, although floods continued and
198-535: The dam generates about 725 million kilowatts a year. Cerro de Oro Dam The Cerro de Oro Dam (English: Gold Hill Dam ), also called the Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado Dam, is on the Santo Domingo River in the San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec municipality of the Papaloapan Region of Oaxaca state in southern Mexico . The dam operates in conjunction with the Miguel Alemán Dam , located on
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#1732772307759216-404: The drainage capacity of the Papaloapan river was being reduced by silt carried by the Santo Domingo river. The Papaloapan river Commission recommended building the Cerro de Oro dam on the Santo Domingo river, which would reduce the extent of floods to a manageable level. The combined reservoir of the two dams would also support increased power generation from the Miguel Alemán dam. The dam curtain
234-695: The former secretary of indigenous matters in the state government of Oaxaca . On December 4, 2018, the National Institute of Indigenous Peoples Law ( Spanish : Ley del Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas ) was promulgated. The National Institute of Indigenous Peoples is recognized as "the authority of the Federal Executive in matters related to indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples", creating, defining, executing and coordinating policies and programs to guarantee their rights, as well as their integral and sustainable development and
252-535: The government had not met its promises in the amount of land allocated. The government denied making such promises, and stated that the people had not owned the flooded land since time immemorial and therefore were not entitled to compensation, although land had been provided. The reservoir waters have been changing from oligotrophic to eutrophic due to increased release of nutrients from submerged organic matter, combined with thermal stratification, making them less hospitable to many fish species. Land clearance around
270-563: The north of the city of San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec and meanders northeastward through the Veracruz coastal plain to the Gulf of Mexico . The Papaloapan river basin was subject to frequent flooding, with the damage sometimes compounded by cyclones. A particularly severe flood in September 1944 covered 470,000 hectares, with great loss of life and property. The Miguel Aleman dam reduced the problem, but further floods occurred after it had been completed in 1955. A flood in 1958 covered 195,000 hectares and one in 1969 covered 340,000 hectares. Meanwhile,
288-516: The people to the area immediately below the dam, but this was frustrated by large landowners in the target region. The move, mostly of Chinantec people, took place in two stages, ending up in 30 new villages in the Uxpanapa region of south-central Veracruz . The government bulldozed and burned large areas of the northern Selva Zoque forest to allow for farming in the new settlements, with mixed results. The displaced people later complained that
306-426: The project required relocation of thousands of poor Mazatec , Chinantec and Mixe families. There been a re-evaluation of the project's impact on the environment. The dam has a capacity of 8 million m (2,113,400,000 US gallons), from which 6.77 million m (1,788,500,000 US gallons) is available for power generation. The dam has a length of 830 meters (2,720 feet). The Temascal hydroelectric plant located east of
324-615: The strengthening of their cultures and identities, in accordance with Article 2 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States . The INPI operates in 24 states through 10 Coordinating Centres for Indigenous Development; a Research, Information, and Documentation Centre; and 28 Regional Indigenous Development Centres. It maintains a network of 1085 school hostels (albergues escolares) , used to provide mid-week accommodation for pupils for whom it
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