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47-660: The National Music Conservatory ( NMC ) is a music school in Amman , Jordan . NMC was established by the Noor Al Hussein Foundation in 1986. It is an institution for the development of musicians and the promotion of music appreciation in Jordan. This Jordan -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This music education-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Music school A music school

94-539: A Bachelor of Arts in Music or a Bachelor of Arts in Music Education. A number of previously independent conservatories have become affiliated to universities Country-specific pages Lists National and international organisations Diplomas Schola cantorum (papal choir) Due to the lack of a system of notation and theoretical writings, there is very little known about the musical systems prior to

141-591: A Cathedral School in 909 AD to educate choristers, continues today to educate choristers and teaches instrumentalists. Saint Martial school , 10th to 12th century, was an important school of composition at the Abbey of Saint Martial , Limoges . It is known for the composition of tropes , sequences , and early organum . In this respect, it was an important precursor to the Notre Dame School . The Notre Dame school (late 12th and early 13th century) developed

188-500: A Saturday and children attend normal schools during the week. Non-governmental or private schools of music offer music education outside the general education system for students aged 4 to 20+ years. In general, students attend these schools weekend or evening. These schools are typically provided by individuals, charitable or commercial organizations. A conservatory of music may also be known in English as conservatoire (chiefly in

235-571: A career in the creative arts. Individual teaching is the strength of most components. Students have the opportunity to perform, conduct or have their music played on a regular basis, both informally and in public. This may be solo or as part of an orchestra, ensemble or band. Typically, conservatories focus on Western classical music. However, some schools focus on traditional instruments, such as Chinese instruments . Others may have departments for traditional music which includes both traditional and classical instruments, for example bagpipes alongside

282-517: A conservatory. Entry is typically between the ages of ages 8 and 18 and admission is through competitive audition. Schools may be public or independent; where schools are independent, pupils may be in receipt of governmental or private scholarships. Typically as students progress through the school the time spent on music increases and on academic subjects decrease. These schools usually teach only instrumentalists but may also include choristers. Some schools (like conservatories) are broader and may cover

329-414: A non-academic degree that is solely performance based, such as the (United States) A.D. or Artist Diploma; this may be offered at the undergraduate and/or graduate level. University music departments originally placed more emphasis on academic study of music, rather than performance. However, today, the division may not be so rigid, with many often placing greater emphasis on performance now than they did in

376-506: A slightly different form. This caused each region to produce several distinct liturgies and bodies of liturgical music of its own. Although each region shared the same language of Latin, they had different texts and music. We know for certain that there existed Beneventan chant, Roman Chant, Ambrosian chant, Hispanic chant, and several types of Gallican chant. Each of these political divisions developed their own repertory of melodies for singing sacred texts. The first Schola Cantorum of Rome

423-664: A very selective access to bursaries (see the Royal Academy of Music or the Royal College of Music in the UK). Specialist music schools exist in many countries and whose purpose is to identify, and assist, children with exceptional potential, to benefit from world-class specialist training as part of a broad and balanced education, which will enable them, if they choose, to proceed towards self-sustaining careers in music. These schools may be formally or informally attached to

470-452: Is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music . Such an institution can also be known as a school of music , music academy , music faculty , college of music , music department (of a larger institution), conservatory , conservatorium or conservatoire ( / k ən ˈ s ɜːr v ə t w ɑːr / kən- SER -və-twar , French: [kɔ̃sɛʁvatwaʁ] ). Instruction consists of training in

517-453: Is in these very institutions that the so-called Scuola Musicale Napoletana was developed, thanks to the work of musicians and educators like Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725) and Francesco Durante (1684–1755), who was also Pergolesi's and Paisiello's teacher. The Palermo Conservatory was founded by the viceroy De Castro in 1617; the teaching of music was introduced there many decades later, with lessons in choral singing and violin. It

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564-531: Is so basic to man that its origins are long lost in antiquity and predate the development of the spoken language. We do know however, that music of the early Middle Ages in Western Europe was derived from the ancient Greeks in terms of form and concept. The singer would sing improvised or monophonic melodies with the rhythm, accent, and movement according to the text. This ancient heritage would greatly influence development of music in Western Europe through

611-671: Is speculative. Even when history starts to be recorded, music is mentioned more frequently than music education. Within the biblical tradition, Hebrew litany was accompanied with rich music, but the Torah or Pentateuch was silent on the practice and instruction of music in the early life of Israel. However, by I Samuel 10, Alfred Sendrey suggests that we find "a sudden and unexplained upsurge of large choirs and orchestras, consisting of thoroughly organized and trained musical groups, which would be virtually inconceivable without lengthy, methodical preparation". This has led some scholars to believe that

658-820: The Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester ; music academy , like the Sibelius Academy or the Royal Academy of Music , London; music faculty as the Don Wright Faculty of Music of the University of Western Ontario ; college of music , characterized by the Royal College of Music and the Berklee College of Music ; music department , like the Department of Music at the University of California, Santa Cruz ; or

705-521: The fiddle . Alternatively, students can focus on jazz , world music or pop music. The time required to complete music degrees is generally not much different from degrees in other fields, i.e. 3–4 years for a Bachelor of Music degree, 1–2 years for a Master of Music degree, and 3–5 years for a Doctor of Musical Arts or Doctor of Music Degree. A PhD degree can be gained for areas such as musicology , music theory , music composition , music education , or music therapy . Some schools may offer

752-466: The performing arts : music, drama, dance. Many music schools are located within existing schools. The pattern is quite diverse and may include: Specialist music units in Scotland, where students are drawn from an area wider than the host schools catchment. Students will receive specialist music tuition within the music school but are fully integrated within the host school for other lessons. Entry to

799-630: The 19th century saw the network expanding to the Americas, Rio de Janeiro (1847), Boston (1853), Baltimore and Chicago (1868), Havana (1885), and Buenos Aires (1893). Establishments for advanced training in music were organized in the 1940s in several Asian and African countries, including Iraq, Lebanon, and Kenya. To this extent, projects like El Sistema are more in line with the tradition set in Italy (where tuition at conservatories remains still free) than in an English-speaking country, where students have

846-631: The Christian Church. Peace between the Church and the Roman Empire greatly effected the liturgical life and musical practice of Christians. In the fourth century AD, Constantine became the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. This conversion led to the proclamation of the Edict of Milan , which decreed religious tolerance throughout the empire. With more and more converts, it

893-557: The Greeks. Musicians of the middle age did not have a single example of Greek or Roman music. It was not until the Renaissance that historians discovered only a few ancient songs and hymns of the classical era. From these surviving specimens, we can see that primitive music developed in two major ways. The first was that singing was primarily monophonic – that is, melody without harmony or counterpoint. The soloist would sing based on

940-650: The Gregorian school. Peter and Romanus were sent out to Francia in 789. Unfortunately, Romanus fell sick and remained behind, but Peter was able to make it to Metz and established a school of Gregorian chant. Nonetheless, the Schola Cantorum played a significant role in the transmission of Roman chant to the Carolingian court of Charlemagne . Several schools were also established in England shortly after

987-572: The Roman liturgy and mixed it with the Gallican chant repertory. The overall structure of the Roman chant was accepted by the Gallican musicians, but they covered it with a completely different style of ornamentation. The fusion of Roman and Gallican chant evolved into what we now know as Gregorian chant . Charlemagne , the son of Pepin, was also impressed by the superiority of the Roman chanters. He begged Pope Adrian I to assign him two cantors of

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1034-589: The UK ), conservatorium (in Australia ), academy or college . Some schools or conservatories are exclusively focused on music. Others have a wider focus, for example covering music, drama and dance. Conservatories are suitable for students who wish to develop their performance, conducting, or composition to a professional standard. Typically, they offer a high percentage of practical training combined with academic study and professional development for those considering

1081-504: The body of the Accademia) to music education (in its role as a conservatory) to performance (with an active choir and symphony orchestra). The term conservatory has its origin in 16th-century Renaissance Italy, where orphanages ( conservatori ) were attached to hospitals. The orphans ( conservati 'saved') were given a musical education there, and the term gradually applied to music schools. These hospitals-conservatories were among

1128-405: The discovery of the fundamental elements of vocal technique. The school of Sylvester demanded that chants were to be sung in a perfectly smooth, flowing kind of melody. Instructors often pushed their pupils to their limits, as they recognized that pure legato was essential in perfecting the chant. The employment of professional singers in the church played a prominent role in the development of

1175-596: The earliest repertory of polyphonic music to gain international circulation. First records on the Spanish Escolania de Montserrat , a boys' choir linked to a music school, date back to 1307. The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia (National Academy of St Cecilia) is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world, based in Italy. It is based at the Auditorium Parco della Musica in Rome , and

1222-424: The ensembles of the service, leaving the most important parts of the service for the trained vocalists. The chant maintained its dominance in ecclesiastic music up until the rise of polyphony in the eleventh century. The idea of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody accompanied by high and low pitched voices seemed more suitable for ecclesiastic music in the eleventh century. The polyphonic composition

1269-473: The first secular institutions equipped for practical training in music. By the 18th century, Italian conservatories were already playing a major role in the training of artists and composers. In the city of Naples , a conservatorio was strictly a secular place for teaching and learning specializing in music education. There were already four conservatories in Naples active in the 16th and 18th century: It

1316-699: The fusion of Roman and Gallican chant. Between the years 876 and 1073, the prior of the Schola is recorded to have performed a curious dance with clearly pagan origins known as Cornomania , on the Saturday following Easter , on the Lateran Square in Rome . He would wear a wreath with horns on his head, swing a rattle with bells, scatter laurel leaves, and cry out in an unknown language, "Iaritan, iaritan, iariariasti; raphayn, iercoin, iariariasti" . Several institutions today have modeled themselves after

1363-546: The host school and musical ability is not an admission requirement. Schools which perform highly may specialize in an additional area for example sports or technology. Music schools also frequently operate from church facilities. Many conservatories or other tertiary-level institutions have pre-college divisions or junior departments for children of school age. Typically the curriculum includes individual lesson(s), orchestra, chamber music , theory , musicianship , composition and music technology . Classes are usually held on

1410-466: The past. The specific balance of vocational training and academic study varies from one institution to another, and from one country to another. Some countries separately define their institutions between university status and vocational university status, whilst other countries do not define such a rigid division. In addition to offering degrees similar to those offered at conservatories, some universities offer non-professional music-related degrees such as

1457-825: The performance of musical instruments , singing, musical composition , conducting, musicianship , as well as academic and research fields such as musicology , music history and music theory . Music instruction can be provided within the compulsory general education system, or within specialized children's music schools such as the Purcell School . Elementary-school children can access music instruction also in after-school institutions such as music academies or music schools. In Venezuela El Sistema of youth orchestras provides free after-school instrumental instruction through music schools called núcleos . The term "music school" can also be applied to institutions of higher education under names such as school of music , such as

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1504-595: The prophet Samuel was the patriarch of a school which taught not only prophets and holy men, but also sacred-rite musicians. The schola cantorum (papal choir) in Rome may be the first recorded music school in history, when Gregory the Great (540–604) made permanent an existing guild dating from the 4th century ( schola originally referred more to a guild rather than school). The school consisted of monks, secular clergy, and boys. Wells Cathedral School , England, founded as

1551-538: The repetition of two neighboring tones with no accompaniment. The second was of an improvisatory style where the melody and rhythm were intimately bound up with the melody and rhythm of poetry. To the west, the Romans left very few traces of musical development partly because it was deliberately suppressed during the persecution of Christians during the first two centuries. Leaders of the early Christian church wanted to exterminate music which had memories associated with

1598-478: The revels and rituals with Roman music. However, it was during this period that art, architecture, music, philosophy, new religious rites, and many other aspects of Greek culture were brought in from the Hellenistic world. It is uncertain whether or not Romans made any significant contributions to the theory or practice of music, but historians are certain that their music was derived from the Greeks. Singing

1645-409: The simple plain chant. The singers had mastered a style united with a technical finish of elegance and began to flourish their singing with ornamentation which had existed during classical times. These chants were not easy, nor sung in a dull and monotonous manner. The singers filled them with great richness and variety. This employment of trained singers acted as a precursor to the institution which

1692-533: The solos of the “alleluia”. The studies of the Schola Cantorum lasted a total of nine years. It was a long period because the school made it mandatory for pupils to memorize the chants. During service, only the director or the paraphonists was permitted to have a book. The ensemble consisted of anywhere between twenty and thirty boys or men. Women were not allowed to be a part of the Schola Cantorum. This group of boys and men had to have their head shaved and wore chasubles . The choir, clergy, and congregation, sang

1739-400: The specialist music unit or school is by competitive audition, which also effectively gives entry to the host school. Many public or independent schools contain music departments , some of which achieve high standards. These are sometimes referred to as Music schools. Music Colleges in England are schools that get additional private and governmental money to specialize in music. Entry is to

1786-610: The term conservatory , exemplified by the Conservatoire de Paris and the New England Conservatory . In other parts of Europe, the equivalents of higher school of music or university of music may be used, such as the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln (Cologne University of Music). Although music in general and music education may have been in existence for thousands of years, the earliest history

1833-467: Was clear that services could no longer be conducted in the informal manner of the early days. This freedom in religion allowed the church to build for large basilicas which made it possible for public worship and for Christians to finally assume a new dignity. Music, in particular had its own place in these newly constructed basilicas. As the early church of Jerusalem spread westward to Western Europe, it brought along musical elements from diverse areas. It

1880-618: Was constantly developing up until the seventeenth century when opera began to dominate the musical world of the church. From Rome, the institution spread to other parts of the Church. When the pope visited France with his court, the Frankish King Pepin the Short could not help but admire the customs of Roman liturgy. Pepin realized that these customs could help to ensure religious unity throughout his territories and thus strengthen their political unity. The King therefore adopted

1927-607: Was during this time that the Schola Cantorum made its first appearance at the service of liturgical celebration. The Lombards, Franks, and Goths dominated the face of Western Europe in the seventh and early eighth centuries. The idea of unity and centralization was simply unknown during this time so local churches were relatively independent. Each region of the West probably received the Eastern heritage of musical elements in

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1974-485: Was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 590, he founded the Schola Cantorum. This was the school of singers which established the authoritative delivery of the musical liturgy for all of Europe. Of the schools that were directed by the church, pupils with the best voices were chosen for training in the Schola Cantorum. The most talented pupil was called paraphonist and was responsible for singing

2021-579: Was founded by the papal bull, Ratione congruit, issued by Sixtus V in 1585, which invoked two saints prominent in Western musical history: Gregory the Great, for whom the Gregorian chant is named, and Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of music. It was founded as a "congregation" or "confraternity" – a religious guild, so to speak – and over the centuries, has grown from a forum for local musicians and composers to an internationally acclaimed academy active in music scholarship (with 100 prominent music scholars forming

2068-419: Was later reorganized by Pope Gregory I. The purpose of the schola was to teach both singing techniques and the plainsong repertory learned by the oral tradition. However, it was Pope Gregory I who standardized the liturgical repertory on a firm basis. This Roman school lasted a period of nine years which furnished the choir at most of the papal functions and was facilitated by the cantor . When Pope Gregory I

2115-424: Was most important, and that was their office. Pope Sylvester’s Schola Cantorum of Rome was instituted for the study of chants, not for the vocal technique. Chanting in unity was an obvious and a must, but it did not take long for Sylvester to realize that they needed to impart some sort of style onto it. In this, the subject of uniformity was taken up and this inevitably led to the management of breath, which led to

2162-494: Was said to be founded by Pope Sylvester in the year of 314. Music evolved from a simple unison chant to a highly developed polyphonic choral style. Singing was usually performed by the clergy, however in 367, the Council of Laodicea banned congregational singing and placed the musical service in the hands of the trained choir. With trained singers for the musical part of the liturgy, the clergy could focus their attention to what

2209-729: Was the example set in Naples, where admission was by competitive examination and tuition was free, that was then copied, with modifications, in many European cities, including Paris (1795), Bologna (1804), Milan (1807), Warsaw (1810), Florence and Prague (1811), Vienna (1821), London (1822), the Hague (1826), Liège (1827); a bit later two conservatories were founded in Russia by Rubinstein brothers – Anton in Saint Petersburg (1862) and Nikolai in Moscow (1866). The second half of

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