Misplaced Pages

#698301

26-606: National Zoo , National Zoological Garden , or National Zoological Park may refer to: Chilean National Zoo , Santiago, Chile National Zoo & Aquarium , Canberra, Australia National Zoo (Malaysia) , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia National Zoological Gardens (Sri Lanka) , Dehiwala, Sri Lanka National Zoological Gardens of South Africa , Pretoria, South Africa National Zoological Park (India) , Delhi, India National Zoological Park (United States) , Washington D.C., United States Scottish National Zoological Park (usually called

52-737: A campaign with the Intendant of Santiago, Alberto Mackenna, to obtain financing and land for what would be the National Zoological Garden. On September 1, 1925, the then President of Chile , Arturo Alessandri Palma , issued Supreme Decree No. 4273, allocating 4.8 hectares of San Cristóbal Hill to building the zoo. A number of species held at the Quinta Normal zoo were brought across to the new zoo along with 70 other animals from zoos in Mendoza and Buenos Aires via

78-481: A common sight throughout this region where they are entangled on fences. Studies have found that annual yearling mortality on fences (5.53%) was higher than adult mortality (0.84%) and was more frequent in ovine (93 cm high) than bovine (113 cm) fences. Most guanacos died entangled by their legs in the highest wire when trying to jump over the fence. Around 300 guanacos are in U.S. zoos, and around 200 are registered in private herds. Guanacos have long been thought to be

104-463: A distance of six feet. Mating season occurs between November and February, during which males often fight violently to establish dominance and breeding rights. Eleven-and-a-half months later, a single chulengo is born. Chulengos are able to walk immediately after birth. Male chulengos are chased off from the herd by the dominant male at around one year old. While not considered an endangered species in southern Argentina and Chile, dead guanacos are

130-517: A group of lemurs joining the over 1,000 animals of 158 species already on display in 2010. Large enclosures feature a wide variety of Chile's indigenous wildlife, including guanacos , llamas , rhea birds , condors , Humboldt penguins , and the endangered pudú . Also on display is Darwin's frog , a rare frog native to Chile known for its unique method of reproducing. The zoo also holds a large number of foreign species such as lions, giraffes, kangaroos, elephants, emus, and formerly polar bears. 24% of

156-424: A shield formation, a circle around the vulnerable. If they are successful, they chase the fox away, which would be impossible with a puma. When threatened, the guanaco alerts the rest of the herd with a high-pitched bleating sound, which sounds similar to a short, sharp laugh. The male usually runs behind the herd to defend them. Though typically mild-mannered, guanacos often spit when threatened, and can do so up to

182-464: Is 20 to 25 years. In Bolivia, the habitat of Guanacos is found to be threatened by woody plant encroachment . Some guanacos live in the Atacama Desert , where in some areas it has not rained for over 50 years. A mountainous coastline running parallel to the desert enables them to survive in what are called "fog oases" or lomas . Where the cool water touches the hotter land, the air above

208-548: Is allowed only in Tierra del Fuego , where the only population not classified as endangered in the country resides. Between 2007 and 2012, 13,200 guanacos were legally hunted in Tierra del Fuego. Like all camels, Guanacos are herbivores, grazing on grasses, shrubs, herbs, lichens, fungi, cacti, and flowers. The food is swallowed with little chewing and first enters the forestomach to be digested finally after rumination. This process

234-735: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chilean National Zoo The Chilean National Zoo has a dual focus: to conserve and research species held at the zoo, and to educate and provide activities for the visiting public. The history of the national zoo dates back to the 19th century. In 1882, the country's first zoo was inaugurated in Quinta Normal by professor Julio Bernard, followed twenty years later by another zoo in Concepción featuring native animals, founded by professor and entomologist Carlos Reed. In 1921, Carlos Reed began

260-463: Is similar to that of ruminants, to which camels are not zoologically related. The camels' digestive system is likely to have developed independently of ruminants, which is evidenced by the fact that the forestomachs are equipped with glands. Guanacos are often found at altitudes up to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) above sea level, except in Patagonia , where the southerly latitude means ice covers

286-555: The altiplano of Peru , Bolivia and Chile , and in Patagonia , with a small population in Paraguay . In Argentina they are more numerous in Patagonian regions, as well as in places such as Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego . In these areas, they have more robust populations, since grazing competition from livestock is limited. Guanaco respond to forage availability, occupying zones with low to intermediate food availability in

SECTION 10

#1732772318699

312-657: The Falkland Islands (Malvinas) , with a population of around 400 as of 2003. In Torres del Paine National Park, the numbers of guanacos increased from 175 in 1975 to 3,000 in 1993. Guanacos live in herds composed of females, their young, and a dominant male. Bachelor males form separate herds. While reproductive groups tend to remain small, often containing no more than 10 adults, bachelor herds may contain as many as 50 males. They can run at 56 km/h (35 mph) per hour, often over steep and rocky terrain. They are also excellent swimmers. A guanaco's typical lifespan

338-573: The Transandine Railway . Among the species forming a part of the new zoo were a camel , Somali sheep , two boas , a ñata cow with an inherited abnormality, macaws , and a baboon . The zoo's installations were built in less than two months with the collaboration of architect Teodoro Panuzzis. The National Zoo was officially opened by the Vice President of Chile, Luis Barros Borgoño , on December 12, 1925. The first director of

364-427: The white-tailed deer , the spectacled bear , and the jaguar . Guanacos have thick skin on their necks, a trait also found in their domestic counterparts, the llama , and their relatives, the wild vicuña and domesticated alpaca . This protects their necks from predator attacks. Bolivians use the neck skin of these animals to make shoes , flattening and pounding the skin to be used for the soles. In Chile, hunting

390-547: The Edinburgh Zoo), Edinburgh, Scotland Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title National Zoo . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Zoo&oldid=549827275 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

416-865: The breeding season and those with the highest availability in the non-breeding season. Estimates, as of 2016, place their numbers around 1.5 to 2 million animals: 1,225,000–1,890,000 in Argentina, 270,000–299,000 in Chile, 3,000 in Peru, 150–200 in Bolivia and 20–100 in Paraguay. This is only 3–7% of the guanaco population before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in South America. A small population introduced by John Hamilton exists on Staats Island in

442-431: The calves, are sometimes used as a substitute for red fox pelts, because the texture is difficult to differentiate. Like their domestic descendant, the llama, the guanaco is double-coated with coarse guard hairs and a soft undercoat, the hairs of which are about 16–18 μm in diameter and comparable to cashmere . Guanacos inhabit the steppes, scrublands and mountainous regions of South America . They are found in

468-416: The desert is cooled, creating a fog and thus water vapor. Winds carry the fog across the desert, where cacti catch the water droplets and lichens that cling to the cacti soak it in like a sponge. Guanacos then eat the cactus flowers and the lichens. The guanaco is a diurnal animal. It lives in small herds consisting of one male and several females with their young. When the male detects danger, he warns

494-416: The domestic llama ), ranging from a light brown to dark cinnamon and shading to white underneath. Guanacos have grey faces and small, straight ears. The lifespan of a guanaco can be as long as 28 years. Guanacos are one of the largest terrestrial mammals native to South America today. Other terrestrial mammalian megafauna weighing as much or more than the guanaco include the tapirs , the marsh deer ,

520-573: The group by bleating. The guanaco can run up to 64 km/h (40 mph; 18 m/s). This speed is important for the survival of guanacos because they cannot easily hide in the open grasslands of the Altiplano. Natural predators of the guanaco include pumas and the culpeo or Andean fox. Fox predation was unknown until 2007 when predators began to be observed in the Karukinka Reserve in Tierra del Fuego. Scientists attribute this to

546-465: The mammals on display at the zoo are native to Chile, as are 37% of the birds. More than 50 people work in the enclosure including veterinarians, caretakers, educational guides, cleaners, and administrative personnel. Guanaco The guanaco ( / ɡ w ɑː ˈ n ɑː k oʊ / ghwuah- NAH -koh ; Lama guanicoe ) is a camelid native to South America , closely related to the llama . Guanacos are one of two wild South American camelids;

SECTION 20

#1732772318699

572-553: The other species is the vicuña , which lives at higher elevations. The guanaco gets its name from the Quechua word huanaco (modern spelling wanaku ). Young guanacos are called chulengos or "guanaquitos". Guanacos stand between 1.0 and 1.3 m (3 ft 3 in and 4 ft 3 in) at the shoulder , body length of 2.1 to 2.2 m (6 ft 11 in to 7 ft 3 in), and weigh 90 to 140 kg (200 to 310 lb). Their color varies very little (unlike

598-468: The parent species of the domesticated llama , which was confirmed via molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2001, although the analysis also found that domestic llamas had experienced considerable cross-hybridization with alpacas , which are descended from the wild vicuña . The guanaco was independently domesticated by the Mapuche of Mocha Island in southern Chile , producing the chilihueque , which

624-477: The unfavourable climatic conditions on the island, which are causing food to become scarce, weakening the animals. The absence of pumas on Tierra del Fuego is also believed to be a factor that allows the fox to occupy their ecological niche. Finally, it is believed that this behaviour is not new, as the fox is nocturnal, which makes any predation challenging to observe. Faced with the threat of the fox, guanacos resort to cooperative strategies to protect their young with

650-474: The vegetation at these altitudes. Their blood is rich in red blood cells , enabling them to survive in the low oxygen levels found at these high altitudes. A teaspoon of guanaco blood contains about 68 million red blood cells, four times that of a human. Guanaco fiber is particularly prized for its soft, warm feel and is found in luxury fabric . In South America, the guanaco's soft wool is valued second only to that of vicuña wool . The pelts, particularly from

676-470: The zoo was Carlos Reed. On May 21 2016, Franco L.Ferrada jumped in the lion enclosure to commit suicide. The lions were shot and killed by the zoo officials. In 1996, the New York Times accused the zoo of "deplorable conditions" including undersized, concrete living enclosures and possible mistreatment resulting in dozens of animal deaths. The zoo's population continues to grow, with a jaguar and

#698301