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35-692: The town lies in the valley of the Stillebach (a tributary of the Inn ) in the Ötztal Alps , at an altitude of 1,394 m (4,573 ft). It is located about 29 km (18 mi) south of the district capital Landeck , on the road that leads from Pfunds in the Inntal valley via the narrow Finstermünz Gorge up to Reschen Pass and the border with the Vinschgau region in South Tyrol , Italy . Nearby

70-518: A ratline through Nauders and Reschen Pass to escape arrest. This Tyrol location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Inn (river) The Inn ( Latin : Aenus ; Romansh : En ) is a river in Switzerland , Austria and Germany . The 518 km (322 mi) long river is a right tributary of the Danube , being the third largest tributary of

105-597: A hymn that later inspired St Thomas Aquinas 's Pange Lingua Gloriosi Corporis Mysterium . He also wrote Vexilla Regis prodeunt ("The royal banners forward go"), which is a sequence sung at Vespers during Holy Week . This poem was written in honour of a large piece of the True Cross , which explains its association also with the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross . The relic had been sent from

140-462: A poem about God will come before the panegyric to a king, which will come before a eulogy to a bishop. This collection of poems is the main primary source for writing about his life. His verse is important in the development of later Latin literature , largely because he wrote at a time when Latin prosody was moving away from the quantitative verse of classical Latin and towards the accentual meters of medieval Latin . His style sometimes suggests

175-844: Is the tripoint with the Swiss border; in the west, a road leads into the Sesvenna Alps and to Martina in the Lower Engadin valley. In ancient times, the trade route across Reschen Pass was part of the Roman Via Claudia Augusta , leading from Italy across the Eastern Alps to the Raetian capital Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg). Nauders is probably located at the site of a mansio called Inutrium in contemporary sources. From 200 AD onwards, however,

210-524: Is the panegyric. He wrote four major panegyrics to four Merovingian Kings: Sigibert and Brunhild, Charibert, Chilperic and Childebert II and Brunhild. The first was also his debut into the Merovingian Court in Gaul, at Metz, in honour of the marriage of Sigibert and Brunhild. It is a fanciful poem, telling the story of how the bride and groom were brought together by Cupid, recalling the style of

245-816: The Byzantine Emperor Justin II to Queen Radegund of the Franks , who after the death of her husband Chlotar I had founded a monastery in Poitiers . The Municipal Library in Poitiers houses an 11th-century manuscript on the life of Radegunde, copied from a 6th-century account by Fortunatus. Venantius Fortunatus wrote eleven surviving books of poetry in Latin in a diverse group of genres including epitaphs , panegyrics , georgics, consolations, and religious poems. A major genre of Fortunatus' poetry

280-713: The Swabian War of 1499. Nauders, then part of the Tyrolean Vinschgau region in the south was administered from Naudersberg Castle, a medieval fortress erected in the early 14th century. In 1472 the Habsburg archduke Sigismund of Austria had the Finstermünz fortress erected in the narrow gorge of the Inn river. Finstermünz finally lost its function when a new mountain road up to the Nauders high valley

315-471: The 550s or 60s, he travelled to Ravenna to study. While there, he was given a classical education , in the Roman style. His later work shows familiarity with not only classical Latin poets such as Virgil , Horace , Ovid , Statius , and Martial , but also Christian poets, including Arator , Claudian , and Coelius Sedulius , and bears their influence. In addition, Fortunatus likely had some knowledge of

350-627: The Austrian state of Tyrol and its capital, Innsbruck ( bridge over the Inn ), and crosses the border into Bavaria near Kufstein . On Bavarian territory the river runs northwards and passes Rosenheim , Wasserburg am Inn , and Waldkraiburg ; then it turns east, runs through Mühldorf and Neuötting and is enlarged by two major tributaries, the Alz and the Salzach . From here to the Danube , it forms

385-651: The Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Engadine , the valley of the En, is the only Swiss valley whose waters end up in the Black Sea (via the Danube). The name Inn is derived from the old Celtic words en and enios , meaning water . In a document of 1338, the river was named Wasser (German for water). The first written mention from

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420-638: The Danube watershed, the Inn is considered a tributary of the Danube, which has a greater length, drains a larger surface area, and has a more consistent flow. The Inn is the only river originating in Switzerland that ends in the Black Sea (via the Danube). The average discharge at the mouth of the Inn is 735 m /s (26,000 cu ft/s). On 3 June 2013 the discharge of the Inn in Passau reached 6,820 m /s (241,000 cu ft/s) and

455-602: The Greek language and the classical Greek writers and philosophers, as he makes reference to them and Greek words at times throughout his poetry and prose. Fortunatus eventually moved to Metz in the spring of 566, probably with the specific intention of becoming a poet at the Merovingian Court. It was there his successful career really began. To reach Metz, he took a winding route, passing through four modern countries: Italy, Austria, Germany and France. Fortunatus himself explains two entirely different reasons for this route. Describing

490-748: The area of the lakes at the Maloja Pass . A connection may exist between the name Inn and the name of the French river Ain . The source of the Inn is located in the Swiss Alps , west of St. Moritz in the Engadine region, which is named after the river ( Romansh Engiadina ; Latin vallis Eniatina ). Shortly after it leaves its source, the Inn flows through the largest lakes on its course, Lake Sils and Lake Silvaplana . It runs north-eastwards, entering Austria, and from Landeck eastwards through

525-529: The border between Germany (Bavaria) and Austria ( Upper Austria ). Towns on this last section of the river are Marktl am Inn , Simbach on Inn , Braunau am Inn and Schärding . In Passau the Inn finally enters the Danube (as does the river Ilz there). Although the Inn has a greater average flow than the Danube when they converge in Passau, and its watershed contains the Piz Bernina, the highest point in

560-946: The ceremony he performed a celebration poem for the entire court. After this incident, Fortunatus had many noble patrons, as well as bishops, who wished him to write poetry for them. About a year after he arrived in Metz, Fortunatus travelled to the court of King Charibert , Sigibert's brother, in Paris, and stayed there until Charibert's death in 567 or 568. Due to danger presented by King Chilperic , brother of Sigibert and Charibert, Fortunatus had to move south to Tours , returning to Sigibert's lands. From there, he ventured to Poitiers where he met Radegund . They became close friends, and Fortunatus wrote many poems in her honour and in support of her political campaigns. Fortunatus had made another great friendship in Tours and Poitiers: with Gregory of Tours , who

595-560: The church, as well as the Roman tendencies of the Frankish royalty, he remained in favour with most of his acquaintances throughout his lifetime. From the point of view of the present day, Fortunatus provides another window into the world of the Merovingian court. For much of this period, the only reliable source on the subject is Gregory of Tours' history, but as it is well known that Gregory had his own political and personal agendas,

630-510: The classical Latin poets. The second, for Charibert, celebrates his rule, and gives the impression that this Frankish king is descended from and succeeded the Roman kings in an unbroken line. This means that he has a legitimate rule. The third, addressed to King Chilperic, is full of controversy. Chilperic was known as a headstrong and hot-tempered ruler, however in this panegyric, Fortunatus depicts him as being gracious, compassionate and merciful, never making judgements too quickly, and even praises

665-413: The first reason, he "portrays himself in the guise of a wandering minstrel, his journey just one in a series of adventures." The second reason is more religious, explaining in his Vita S. Martini that he took this route to worship at the shrine of St Martin in Tours, visiting other shrines as he went. Fortunatus' arrival in Metz coincides with the marriage of King Sigibert and Queen Brunhild , and at

700-580: The ideal king ruled, and gently suggesting that he act in that way as well. Thus, the poem becomes a plea for his friend Gregory of Tours, while avoiding an open disagreement with the king. Fortunatus wrote panegyrics and other types of poems, including praise, eulogies, personal poems to bishops and friends alike, consolations and poems in support of political issues, particularly those presented by his friends Gregory of Tours and Radegunde. His eleven books of poetry contain his surviving poems, all ordered chronologically and by importance of subject. For instance,

735-416: The influence of Hiberno-Latin , in learned Greek coinages that occasionally appear in his poems. Fortunatus' other major work was Vita S. Martini It is a long narrative poem, reminiscent of the classical epics of Greek and Roman cultures but replete with Christian references and allusions, depicting the life of Saint Martin. He also wrote a verse hagiography of his patron Queen Radegund (continued by

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770-451: The king's poetry. The poem was given on the occasion of the trial for treason of Gregory of Tours, Fortunatus' patron and friend. Some scholars have suggested that Fortunatus is simply trying to appease a new patron (Chilperic) because of Gregory's uncertain future. However, other scholars, such as Brennan and George, disagree, postulating that Fortunatus was evoking more of a correctional and moralistic poem towards Chilperic, reminding him how

805-578: The lower course. The Tyrolean section was first called Aenus by Venantius Fortunatus in the 6th century. The name Engadin and the Romansh name En indicate that the upper reaches of the river have always been called this way. Even though it was occasionally believed that the Inn originated near the Adige at the Reschen Pass , since the 16th century at the latest the origin has been seen uniformly in

840-519: The nun Baudovinia ). His hymns are used extensively in the Hymnal 1982 of the Episcopal Church . One of his hymns was set to music by the modern composer Randall Giles . Another hymn as translated from the Latin (Welcome, happy morning! age to age shall say) celebrates Easter with music by Sir Arthur Sullivan . In his time, Fortunatus filled a great social desire for Latin poetry . He

875-441: The objectivity of his accounts can sometimes come into question. While Fortunatus tends to embellish or even mock the happenings and truth of the situations he writes about, there is an element of inferred truth, whether it is his classical embellishments on the marriage panegyric for Sigibert, or his recalling the traits of the ideal ruler to correct a bad king. With this, he supplies an alternate view of everything going on at court,

910-681: The significance of the road connection faded, when it was gradually superseded by the Brenner Pass road in the east. The Nudres parish itself was first mentioned in an 1150 deed; from the 13th century it housed an important customs station. Over the centuries, numerous conflicts arose in the border area of the Tyrolean lands, held by the Austrian House of Habsburg from 1363, with the Swiss Confederacy , culminating in

945-476: The turbulent political situation in Treviso after the death of King Theoderic . This theory is suggested because there is evidence of Fortunatus speaking warmly about one of the bishops there, Bishop Paul of Aquileia . Other scholars, such as Judith George , suggest that his family never moved to Aquileia, pointing out that the poet speaks more of Duplavis than any other place regarding his childhood. Sometime in

980-694: The water levels reached 12.85 m (42.2 ft), the highest recorded historic flood level since 1501. The historic centre of Passau, where the Danube , Inn and Ilz converge, was flooded severely. Currently, there are 24 hydroelectric power plants on the Inn. 17 of them are operated by Verbund AG . The power plants are listed beginning at the headwaters: Venantius Fortunatus Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus ( c. 530 – c. 600/609 AD; French : Venance Fortunat ), known as Saint Venantius Fortunatus ( / v ə ˈ n æ n ʃ ə s ˌ f ɔːr tj ə ˈ n eɪ t ə s / , Latin: [weːˈnantɪ.ʊs fɔrtuːˈnaːtʊs] ),

1015-529: The year 599-600, when he was appointed Bishop of Poitiers, to replace Plato, Bishop of Poitiers. Fortunatus died in the early 7th century. He was called a saint after his death, but was never formally canonized. Fortunatus is best known for two poems that have become part of the liturgy of the Catholic Church , the Pange lingua gloriosi proelium certaminis ("Sing, O tongue, of the glorious struggle"),

1050-608: The years 105 to 109 (Publii Corneli Taciti historiarium liber tertius) reads: " ... Sextilius Felix... ad occupandam ripam Aeni fluminis, quod Raetos Noricosque interfluit, missus... " ("... Sextilius Felix was sent to capture the banks of the Inn, which flows between the Rhaetian people and the Noric people.") The river is also mentioned by other authors of the Roman Empire as Ainos (Greek) or Aenus (Latin). In medieval Latin it

1085-790: Was a Latin poet and hymnographer in the Merovingian Court, and a bishop of the Early Church who has been venerated since the Middle Ages. Venantius Fortunatus was born between 530 and 540 AD at Duplavis (or Duplavilis) , near Treviso in Veneto , Italy. He grew up during the Roman reconquest of Italy , but there is controversy concerning as to where Fortunatus spent his childhood. Some historians, such as D. Tardi , suggest that Fortunatus' family moved to Aquileia because of

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1120-422: Was installed as Bishop of Tours in 573, from whom Fortunatus also received patronage. In 580, Fortunatus wrote a poem defending Gregory against treasonous charges placed upon him at Chilperic's court. After the death of Sigibert, and that of Chilperic, Fortunatus moved to Childebert 's court in Poitiers. Childebert was Sigibert's son. Sometime around 576, he was ordained into the church. He stayed there until around

1155-600: Was laid out according to plans by Karl von Ghega in 1854. The Austrian authorities had the Hochfinstermünz Fortress erected on the new road into the Inntal valley instead, modelled on Franzensfeste Fortress and the federal fortress in Rastatt and manned by k.k. Landesschützen detachments. At the end of World War II, numerous Nazi officials such as Eduard Roschmann and Oswald Menghin fled on

1190-442: Was one of the most prominent poets at this point, and had many contracts, commissions and correspondences with kings, bishops and noblemen and women from the time he arrived in Gaul until his death. He used his poetry to advance in society, to promote political ideas he supported, usually conceived of by Radegunde or by Gregory, and to pass on personal thoughts and communications. He was a master wordsmith and because of his promotion of

1225-493: Was written as Enus or Oenus . The change in the old Bavarian language from e to i turned Enus to In . Until the 17th century, it was written like this or Yn , but also Ihn or Yhn . The double-n appeared only in the 16th century, for example in the Tyrolian Landreim of 1557, and since the 18th century this spelling and pronunciation with a short vowel has been customary. The mentions in Roman times refer to

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