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20-514: In Hinduism, Bengali saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu propagated ideas of bhakti , or devotion to a personal God, through kirtan (collective recitation of hymns) and nagar kirtan (kirtan the in form of religious processions), and is credited in the Vaishnava tradition with introduction of the custom. The congregational singing of Chaitanya was done to folk tunes and accompanied by the boisterous booming of drums and cymbals. A February 2021 video of

40-487: A Renaissance in Bengal, different from the more well-known 19th-century Bengal Renaissance . Salimullah Khan (b. 1958), a noted Bangladeshi linguist, maintains, "Sixteenth-century is the time of Chaitanya Dev, and it is the beginning of Modernism in Bengal. The concept of 'humanity' that came into fruition is contemporaneous with that of Europe". Noted Bengali biographical film on Chaitanya, Nilachaley Mahaprabhu (1957),

60-567: A nagar sankirtan at Sri Seetha Rama temple in Ashwathapura, Dakshina Kannada , by Raghu Leela School of Music went viral on social media with millions of views. Nagar Kirtan ( Punjabi : ਨਗਰ-ਕੀਰਤਨ ( Gurmukhi ) ), in Sikhism, is customary in the festival of Vaisakhi . Traditionally, the procession is led by the saffron -robed Panj Piare (the five beloved of the Guru), who are followed by

80-842: A temple in Los Angeles. He belonged to the circle of guru Prabhu Jagadbandhu with teachings similar to the later ISKCON mission. His followers later formed several organisations, including now defunct the Order of Living Service and the AUM Temple of Universal Truth. Another prominent missionary was A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896-1977), a representative of the Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati branch of Chaitanya's tradition. Prabhupada founded his movement known as The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) to spread Chaitanya's teachings throughout

100-1012: A year he took a vow of saṃnyāsa (renunciation) and changed his name to Kṛṣṇa Caitanya under his guru Keśava Bhāratī. His mother then asked him to at least live in the city of Puri so that he would not be too far from Bengal. After becoming a renunciate he spent his time converting and instructing followers in the tenets of Kṛṣṇa bhakti and engaging in communal saṁkīrtana . Notably he is said to have debated and converted followers of Advaita Vedānta . He spent two months in Vrindavan in c. 1515 where he instructed Sanātana Gosvāmī and Rūpa Gosvāmi . The last two decades of his life were spent in Puri where he focused on immersing himself in devotional yearning for Kṛṣṇa and his consorts, mainly Rādhā. He died c. 1528-1534. Works on Chaitanya: Chaitanya's epistemological, theological and ontological teachings are summarised as ten root principles called dasa mula. From

120-475: Is the most important wealth ( premdhan ). When she was in her wealthy mood ( Aishwarya Vaab ) she was Laxmipriya which have been transformed into Vishnupriya when she was in her love-devotion mood ( Prem vakti vaab ) due to Mahaprabhu's will and thus named Vishnupriya that is beloved of Vishnu. Some texts say that in Sri Krishna lila she appeared as Satyabhama that is incarnation of her Bhu(earth) form,

140-627: The Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya Sampradaya ). He expounded Bhakti yoga and popularised the chanting of the Hare Krishna Maha-mantra . He composed the Shikshashtakam (eight devotional prayers). Chaitanya is sometimes called Gauranga ( IAST : Gaurāṅga ) or Gaura due to his molten gold–like complexion. His birthday is celebrated as Gaura-purnima . He is also called Nimai because he

160-567: The Guru Granth Sahib , the holy Sikh scripture, which is placed on a float . Commonly, members of the procession are unshod in deference to the displayed scripture. Likewise, many cover their heads and don the colour saffron or orange. The road before the procession is cleared by Sewadars . Bystanders bow their heads to the scripture. Food may be provided to them from floats that follow the Scripture or from stationary points near

180-822: The daughter of King Satrajit. Satyabhama was married to Sri Krishna and was one of the principle queen of Sri Krishna. King Satrajit from Sri Krishna lila appeared in Sri Gaura lila as Sri Sanatan Mishra. Mother Satyabhama appeared in the house of Sanatan Mishra as his daughter – Sri Vishnupriya devi. She is the 'Bhu Shakti' – Earth potency. Sri Krsna in His Narayan form or Vishnu tattva form has His divine Shakti Radha (Mahalakshmiji) who herself manifested into three potencies – Sri laxmi (her divine valuables), Bhu laxmi (the Goddess of Earth in which she representes fertility and patience), and Nila laxmi (the Goddess of pastimes). Bhu

200-599: The founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism . Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's mode of worshipping Krishna with bhajan - kirtan and dance had a profound effect on Vaishnavism in Bengal . He is considered the chief proponent of the Vedantic philosophy of Achintya Bheda Abheda . However, the concept of inconceivable difference in non-difference, known as achintya-bhedabheda, was developed later by Jiva Gosvami in his book Bhagavat Sandharbha. Mahaprabhu founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism ( a.k.a.

220-686: The late 19th century and was institutionalised by Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati in his Gaudiya Matha in the 20th century. In the 20th century the teachings of Chaitanya were brought to the West for the first time by Baba Premananda Bharati (1858–1914), the author of Sree Krishna—the Lord of Love (1904)—the first full-length treatment of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in English. In1902, he founded the short-lived "Krishna Samaj" society in New York City and built

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240-574: The masses” and recalled his own personal experience of the transformative power of bhakti through kirtan. Vishnupriya Vishnupriya Devi ( Bengali : বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া ) a.k.a. Bishnupriya Debi Biṣṇupriẏā Dēbī , was the daughter of Raj Pandit Sanatan Mishra and second wife of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu . She is believed to be the reincarnation of the Goddess Satyabhama , the third queen consort of Krishna in Dwarka . Vishnupriya

260-433: The very beginning of Chaitanya's bhakti movement in Bengal, Haridasa Thakur and others, Muslim or Hindu by birth, were participants. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa , the great sage of Dakshineswar , who lived in the 19th century, emphasised the bhakti marga of Chaitanya, whom he referred to as "Gauranga." ( The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna ). This openness received a boost from Bhaktivinoda Thakura 's broad-minded vision in

280-489: The vicinity of the procession. The procession concludes at the Gurudwara with Ardas (prayer). Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Traditional Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ( Bengali : মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব ; Sanskrit : चैतन्य महाप्रभु , romanized :  Caitanya Mahāprabhu ), born Vishvambhara Mishra ; IAST : Viśvambhara Miśra ; 18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534) was an Indian Hindu saint from Bengal and

300-687: The world. Saraswata gurus and acharyas, members of the Goswami lineages and several other Hindu sects which revere Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, including devotees from the major Vaishnava holy places in Mathura District, West Bengal and Odisha, also established temples dedicated to Krishna and Chaitanya outside India in the closing decades of the 20th century. Chaitanya's influence on the cultural legacy in Bengal , Odisha and Manipur , has been significant, with many residents performing daily worship to him as an avatar of Krishna. Some attribute to him

320-517: Was a promising Sanskrit scholar and once defeated Keśava Bhaṭṭa of the Nimbārka school in a debate on Sanskrit prosody. In 1508-1509 he left Nabadvip to go to Gaya to perform śrāddha , a ritual homage to his dead father. There, he met an ascetic named Īśvara Purī, who initiated him using a mantra for Kṛṣṇa worship. After this meeting Viśvambhara abandoned all scholarly and domestic pursuits and had no interest except hearing and speaking of Kṛṣṇa. Within

340-480: Was born in Nabadwip (in present-day West Bengal ) on the full moon night of 18 February 1486, at the time of a lunar eclipse. While still a student, his father died, and he soon married Lakṣmīpriyā. He travelled to east Bengal to become a scholar and support his family, but his wife died in his absence. He then married Viṣṇupriyā , the daughter of paṇḍit Sanātana Miśra. Viśvambhara, also known as Nimāi Paṇḍit,

360-410: Was born to Sanatan Mishra of Nabadwip . After the death of Lakshmipriya from the effects of a snakebite Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 's mother Saci Devi asked him to marry Vishnupriya. In 1509, at the age of 24, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu became a Sanyasi , left home and also Vishnupriya. She is the direct manifestation of 'Bhu' form Mahalaxmi (Satyabhama) to help Gauranga Mahaprabhu in distributing love which

380-604: Was born underneath a Neem tree. Chaitanya was born in a Brahmin family as Viśvambhara Mishra aka Nimāi, the second son of Jagannātha Mishra and his wife Śacī Devī, the daughter of Nilambara Chakrabarti, both Brahmins of Sylhet region. Jagannātha Mishra's family were from the village of Dhakadakshin in Srihatta (Sylhet) (now in Bangladesh ). The ruins of their ancestral home still survive in present-day Bangladesh . According to Chaitanya Charitamrita , Chaitanya

400-504: Was directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay (1912–1989). A Bengali film based on Chaitanya's demise, Lawho Gouranger Naam Re , will be directed by Srijit Mukherji where Parambrata Chatterjee will be seen portraying Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. In 2024, speaking at the commemorative event for the 150th birth anniversary of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati , Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi called Chaitanya Mahaprabhu “the touchstone of love for Krishna. He made spiritualism and meditation accessible to

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