52-564: Nalagarh is a city and a municipal committee , near the city of Solan in Solan district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh . Nalagarh is a gateway to Himachal Pradesh in North India, 95.6 km (59.4 mi) from Shimla, 300 km (190 mi) from Delhi and 60 km (37 mi) from Chandigarh. The Fort of Nalagarh was built in 1421 during the reign of Raja Bikram Chand on
104-597: A chairperson and vice chairperson among themselves to preside over and conduct meetings. A chief officer, along with officers like an engineer, sanitary inspector, health officer, and education officer who come from the state public service are appointed by the state government to control the administrative affairs of the municipality. City Municipal Councils are known regionally by different names, including Town Municipal Council, Town Municipality, Nagar Palika, Nagarasabe, Purasabe, Nagara Sabha and Nagaraatchi. A Town Panchayat (also known as Nagar Panchayat or Town Board )
156-602: A form of local self-government, entrusted with some duties and responsibilities, as enshrined and guided upon by the Constitutional (74th Amendment) Act, 1992. Udaipur is a city which is big but its population is 451,000 so it has a Municipality. The members of the Municipal Councils are elected representatives for a term of five years. The town is divided into wards according to its population, and representatives are elected from each ward. The members elect
208-406: A greater degree of fiscal autonomy and functions, although the specific fiscal and functional powers vary across the states. These local governments have larger populations, a more diversified economic base, and deal with the state governments directly. On the other hand, municipalities or Nagar panchayats have less autonomy, smaller jurisdictions, and have to deal with the state governments through
260-668: A hillock at the foothills of the mighty Himalayas. It affords a panoramic view of the Shivalik hills beyond the Sirsa river and gave its name to the state. Nalagarh enjoyed indirect rule during the British Raj as a non-salute state. In the early twentieth century, Nalagarh State was one of the Simla hill states, under the government of Punjab . The country was overrun by Gurkhas for some years before 1815, when they were driven out by
312-881: A long list of functions delegated to them by the state governments under their respective municipal legislations. The Twelfth Schedule of Constitution (Article 243 w) provides an illustrative list of eighteen functions , that may be entrusted to the municipalities. Public health includes water supply , sewerage and sanitation , eradication of communicable diseases etc.; welfare includes public facilities such as education, recreation , etc.; regulatory functions related to prescribing and enforcing building regulations , encroachments on public land, birth registration and death certificate , etc.; public safety includes fire protection , street lighting , etc.; public works measures such as construction and maintenance of inner-city roads, etc.; and development functions related to town planning and development of commercial markets. In addition to
364-567: A number of cities. These agencies usually undertake land acquisition and development works and take up remunerative projects such as markets and commercial complexes, etc. In terms of fiscal federalism , functions whose benefits largely confine to municipal jurisdictions and may be termed as the essentially municipal functions. Similarly, functions that involve substantial economics of scale or are of national interest may not be assigned to small local bodies. For valid reasons, certain functions of higher authorities are appropriate to be entrusted with
416-585: A state is appointed by the President of India for a term of five years and holds office during their pleasure. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment to this office. Executive power of the state is vested in the Governor. All Governors are obligated to discharge their constitutional functions such as the appointment of the Chief Minister of a state, sending a report to
468-501: A state legislature without the previous sanction of the President. State legislatures, apart from exercising the usual power of financial control, use all normal parliamentary devices like questions, discussions, debates, adjournments, and no-confidence motions and resolutions to keep a watch over the day-to-day work of the executive. They also have their own committees on estimates and public accounts to ensure that grants sanctioned by
520-547: Is 72%. 12% of the population is under 6. In the 1961 Census of India , 78.4% of the Nalagarh tehsil of the then Ambala district registered as Hindi-speaking, 14.8% as Punjabi-speakers and 6.4% as Pahari-speaking. According to 2011 census, the Nalagarh Municipal Council has population of 10,708 of which 5,739 are males while 4,969 are females. Children age 0-6 number 1296 or 12.10%. The Female Sex Ratio
572-830: Is 866 against state average of 972. The Child Sex Ratio is around 914 compared to Himachal Pradesh state average of 909. Literacy rate is 90.03% higher than state average of 82.80%. Male literacy is around 93.07% while female literacy rate is 86.51%. Nalagarh has been ranked 3rd best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' 4,291 residents were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 3,309 were males while 982 were females. 93.08% were engaged in Main Work while 6.92% were engaged in Marginal Work. Municipal committee In India,
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#1732782323617624-649: Is a form of an urban political unit in India comparable to a municipality. The composition of Town Panchayats varies across states, serving as the governing body for areas transitioning from 'rural' to 'urban'. Town Panchayats in Tamil Nadu are established based on a population range of above 5000 and below 30,000, categorized into grades determined by criteria including population and economic growth. In Bihar , Town Panchayats are constituted for populations ranging from above 12,000 to below 40,000, while in Karnataka ,
676-414: Is a legislature, which consists of a Governor and either one or two houses. 6 out of 28 states have bicameral legislatures, namely Andhra Pradesh , Bihar , Karnataka , Maharashtra , Telangana , and Uttar Pradesh , with the remaining states having a unicameral one. Parliament may, by law, provide for the abolition of an existing Legislative Council or for the creation of one where it does not exist, if
728-720: Is appointed by the Governor , who also appoints other ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the state. The Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its head aids and advises the Governor in exercise of his functions except in so far as he is by or under the Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them at his discretion. In respect of Nagaland , its Governor has special responsibility under Article 371 A of
780-489: Is at the discretion of the states, considering factors such as total population, population density, non-agricultural employment, annual revenue generation, among other criteria. Municipal governance in India in its current form has existed since the year 1664. In 1664, Fort Kochi Municipality was established by Dutch, making it the first municipality in Indian subcontinent, which got dissolved when Dutch authority got weaker in
832-799: Is in power in 20 legislative assemblies; the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance is in power in 10 legislative assemblies; 1 legislative assemblies are ruled by other parties/alliances; and 5 union territories do not have a legislative assembly. State legislature has exclusive powers over subjects enumerated in the State List (List II of the Seventh Schedule) of the Constitution and concurrent powers over those enumerated in sub List III. Financial powers of legislature include authorization of all expenditure, taxation and borrowing by
884-547: Is in power in 4 legislative councils; the Indian National Congress -led Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance is in power in 2 legislative councils; and 30 other states/union territories do not have a legislative council. The Legislative Assembly of a state consists of not more than 500 and not fewer than 60 members (Legislative Assembly of Sikkim has 32 members, while Puducherry has 33, Goa and Mizoram have 40 seats each vide Article 371F of
936-455: The British , and the raja was confirmed in possession of the territory. Grain and opium were the main agricultural products. Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs had established Ramshehar City, and shielded the residents of Ramshehar during 14th century. Ramshehar was temporarily visited from Chandel Rajputs , during which Chandel Rajputs decided to establish Nalagarh. Ramshehar Fort
988-566: The Goods and Services Tax . The Sarkaria Commission was set up to review the balance of power between states' and the Union governments. The Union government can dissolve a state government in favour of President's rule if necessary, subject to certain conditions, as ruled by the Supreme Court of India in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India . It is for 5 years only. For every state, there
1040-461: The Parliament of India . While the Union government handles defence, external affairs etc. , the state government deals with internal security and other state issues . Income for the Union government is from customs duty , excise tax , income tax etc., while state government income comes from sales tax (VAT), stamp duty etc.; now these have been subsumed under the various components of
1092-737: The State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) – is a unicameral legislature. A state legislature that has two houses – the State Legislative Assembly and State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) – is a bicameral legislature. The Vidhan Sabha is the lower house and corresponds to the Lok Sabha while the Vidhan Parishad is the upper house and corresponds to the Rajya Sabha of
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#17327823236171144-481: The 18th century. British followed with the formation of Madras Municipal Corporation in 1687, and then Calcutta and Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1726. In the early part of the nineteenth century almost all towns in India had experienced some form of municipal governance. In 1882 the then Viceroy of India , Lord Ripon , known as the Father of Local Self Government, passed a resolution of local self-government which lead
1196-506: The Constitution) chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the state. Demarcation of territorial constituencies is to be done in such a manner that the ratio between population of each constituency and number of seats allotted to it, as far as practicable, is the same throughout the state. The term of an assembly is five years unless it is dissolved earlier. The Bharatiya Janata Party led National Democratic Alliance
1248-483: The Corporations Act of 1835 which mainly deals in providing essential services in a major city. Their elections are held once in five-year and the people choose the candidates. The largest corporations are in the eight metropolitan cities of India, namely Mumbai , Delhi , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad , Ahmedabad , Surat , and Pune . These cities not only have a large population but are also
1300-695: The Directorate of Municipalities or through the collector of a district . These local bodies are subject to detailed supervisory control and guidance by the state governments. State Municipal Acts are legislations enacted by state governments to establish municipal governments, administer them, and provide a framework of governance for cities within the state. Every state has its own municipal act and some states have more than one municipal act, governing larger and smaller municipalities under different acts. Various processes including rules for elections, recruitment of staff, and demarcation of urban areas derived from
1352-586: The Governor in matters relating to sharing of royalties between the district councils and the state government. The Sixth Schedule vests additional discretionary powers in the Governors of Mizoram and Tripura in almost all their functions (except approving regulations for levy of taxes and money lending by non-tribal district councils) since December 1998. In Sikkim, the Governor has been given special responsibility for peace and social and economic advancement of different sections of population. The Chief Minister
1404-532: The Municipalities – as if under principal-agent contracts and may be called agency functions that need to be financed by intergovernmental revenues. Thus instead of continuing the traditional distinction between obligatory and discretionary functions the municipal responsibilities may be grouped into essentially municipal , joint and agency functions. The suggested functions to municipal corporations, municipalities, and town panchayats are listed in
1456-638: The Nagar Panchayats. Town boards are also known by different names depending on the region, including: Nagar Panchayat , Taluk Panchayat, Municipal Board, Town Panchayat, and Pura Panchayat. Certain states lack Town Panchayats or equivalent urban local bodies. In the case of Kerala , Town Panchayats currently may not be in existence or may not be constituted, despite being stipulated in the Kerala Municipality Act. State governments of India State Governments of India are
1508-422: The President on the failure of the Constitutional machinery in a state or in respect of matters relating to assent to passing a bill in the state assembly. Similarly, in respect of Arunachal Pradesh , its Governor has special responsibility under Article 371H of the Constitution with respect to law and order and in discharge of his functions in relation thereto. The Governor exercises his individual judgement as to
1560-471: The President. Bills relating to subjects like the compulsory acquisition of property, measures affecting powers and position of High Courts, and the imposition of taxes on storage, distribution, and sale of water or electricity in Inter-state River or river valley development projects should necessarily be so reserved. No Bills seeking to impose restrictions on inter-state trade can be introduced in
1612-869: The Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), also called municipalities, are self-government institutions responsible for the administration of cities, towns, and transitional areas within a state or Union Territory. The 74th amendment to the Constitution of India in 1992 provided constitutional framework for the establishment of Urban Local Bodies. There are three types of Urban Local Bodies in India, which includes municipal corporations governing large urban areas, municipal councils governing smaller urban areas, and nagar panchayats governing transitional areas from rural to urban. They are established by individual state governments and can differ in names, election method, or tier structure. The classification of these areas
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1664-647: The action to be taken after consulting the Council of Ministers. These are, however, temporary provisions. If the President of India , on receipt of a report from Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibilities with respect to law and order, he may so direct by an order. Likewise, in the Sixth Schedule which applies to tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya , Tripura and Mizoram as specified in para 20 of that Schedule, discretionary powers are given to
1716-422: The administrative as well as commercial centres of the country. A Municipality , or Municipal Council , is an urban local body that administers a smaller urban area with a minimum population of 100,000 but less than 1,000,000. However, there are exceptions to that, as previously municipalities were constituted in urban centers with a population over 20,000 were reclassified as Municipality even if their population
1768-416: The authority) basis and the state governments were free to extend or control the functional sphere through executive decisions without an amendment to the legislative provisions. As per the 2011 Census, the key urbanised areas were classified as follows Statutory towns are of various kinds and the major categories include The municipal corporations and municipalities are fully representative bodies, while
1820-402: The classification is denoted as Class A, B, C. The criteria for these classifications include population, population density, non-agricultural employment, and other relevant parameters. It interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in. Generally smaller district cities and bigger towns have a Municipality. Municipalities are also
1872-619: The criteria are above 10,000 and below 20,000. Each Nagar Panchayat has a committee consisting of a chairman with ward members. Membership consists of a minimum of ten elected ward members and three nominated members. The members of the Nagar Panchayat are elected from the several wards of the Nagar Panchayat on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. There are seats reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, backward classes, and women. The Councillors or Ward Members are chosen by direct election from electoral wards in
1924-639: The democratic forms of municipal governance in India. In 1919, a Government of India Act incorporated the need of the resolution and the powers of democratically elected government were formulated. In 1935 another Government of India act brought local government under the preview of the state or provincial government and specific powers were given. It was the 74th amendment to the Constitution of India in 1992 that brought constitutional validity to municipal or local governments. Until amendments were made in respective state municipal legislations as well, municipal authorities were organised on an ultra vires (beyond
1976-563: The governments ruling over the 28 states and 3 union territories (8 union territories of India but 3 union territories have Legislative Assembly as well as governments) of India with the head of Council of Ministers in every state being the Chief Minister . Power is divided between the Union government (federal government) and the state governments. Each state has a legislative assembly . A state legislature that has one house –
2028-549: The legally assigned functions, the sectoral departments of the state government often assign unilaterally, and on an agency basis, various functions such as family planning , nutrition and slum improvement, disease and Epidemic control, etc. Besides the traditional core functions of municipalities, it also includes development functions like planning for economic development and social justice , urban poverty alleviation programs, and promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects. However, conformity legislation enacted by
2080-469: The legislature are properly utilized. There are, overall, 4,121 legislative assembly seats in states and Union territories of India. Andhra Pradesh abolished its Legislative Council in 1984, but set up a new Legislative Council following elections in 2007. The state executive consists of a Governor and the State Council of Ministers, with the Chief Minister as its head. The Governor of
2132-571: The list of municipal functions as suggested in the twelfth schedule. There is a lot of difference in the assignment of obligatory and discretionary functions to the municipal bodies among the states. Whereas functions like planning for the social and economic development, urban forestry and protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects are obligatory functions for the municipalities of Maharashtra , in Karnataka these are discretionary functions. The provision of water supply and sewerage in several states has either been taken over by
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2184-441: The notified area committees and town area committees are either fully or partially nominated bodies. As per the Constitution of India , 74th Amendment Act of 1992, the latter two categories of towns are to be designated as municipalities or Nagar panchayats with elected bodies. After the 74th Amendment was enacted there are only three categories of urban local bodies: Among all urban local governments, municipal corporations enjoy
2236-403: The people are Hindi punjabi puadhi(due to influence of early punjabi) and pahari(peaple migrate from different area of himachal to nalagarh for work). As of 2001 India census , Nalagarh had a population of 9,433. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Nalagarh has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy
2288-584: The proposal is supported by a resolution of the Legislative Assembly of the state concerned. The Legislative Council of a state comprises not more than one-third of the total number of members in the legislative assembly of the state and in no case fewer than 40 members. About one-third of members of the Council are elected by members of the legislative assembly from amongst persons who are not its members, one-third by electorates consisting of members of municipalities , district boards and other local authorities in
2340-407: The state government. The Legislative Assembly alone has the power to originate money bills. The Legislative Council can only make recommendations in respect of changes it considers necessary within a period of fourteen days of the receipt of money bills from the Legislative Assembly, which can accept or reject these recommendations. The Governor of a state may reserve any Bill for the consideration of
2392-605: The state governments indicates wide variations in this regard. Whereas Bihar , Gujarat , Himachal Pradesh , Haryana , Manipur , Punjab and Rajasthan have included all the functions as enlisted in the Twelfth Schedule in their amended state municipal laws, Andhra Pradesh has not made any changes in the existing list of municipal functions. Karnataka , Kerala , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Odisha , Tamil Nadu , Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal states have amended their municipal laws to add additional functions in
2444-569: The state governments or transferred to state agencies. For example, in Tamil Nadu , Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat , water supply and sewerage works are being carried out by the state-level Public Health Engineering Department or the Water Supply and Sewerage Boards, while liability for repayment of loans and maintenances are with the municipalities. Besides these state-level agencies, City Improvement Trusts and Urban Development Authorities, like Delhi Development Authority (DDA), have been set up in
2496-433: The state municipal acts. Most Municipal Acts are enforced across all statutory urban areas in the respective states except the cantonment areas. The Government of India had issued a Model Municipal Law in 2003 which aimed to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the municipal governments in the various states and bring them into conformity with the provisions of the 74th CAA. The municipal bodies of India are vested with
2548-654: The state, one-twelfth by an electorate consisting of persons who have been, for at least three years, engaged in teaching in educational institutions within the state not lower in standard than secondary school and a further one-twelfth by registered graduates of more than three years' standing. Remaining members are nominated by the Governor from among those who have distinguished themselves in literature , science , art , cooperative movement and social service . Legislative Councils are not subject to dissolution but one-third of their members retire every second year. The Bharatiya Janata Party -led National Democratic Alliance
2600-582: The table below. Nagar Nigam and other names in different states (translated as "Municipal Corporation/City Corporation") in India are state government formed urban local bodies that work for the development of a metropolitan city , which has a population of more than 1 million. The growing population and urbanisation in various cities of India were in need of a local governing body that can work for providing necessary community services like health centres, educational institutes, and housing and property tax. They also replace street lights. They are formed under
2652-691: Was built by Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs , which was supported by Raja Ram Chand in the 15th century. Ramshehar Fort Resort is a Heritage property, which is located in Himachal 2.5 KMs from Ramshehar Bus Stand on Swarghat Road. Nalagarh is a municipal council with 9 wards. Nalagarh area touches the areas of Ropar and Anandpur Sahib of Punjab. Nalagarh also lies in Puadh region where 'puadhi' spoke in late time but after partition when punjab,himachal or haryana and chandigarh state build, nalagarh and other area of nalagarh comes in Himachal pradesh. language spoken by
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#17327823236172704-659: Was under 100,000. Locally, the municipality is known as Nagar Palika and these are constituted by the Municipal Acts of the respective states. Municipalities in India are categorized into City Municipal Councils and Town Municipal Councils or grades, the classification of which depends on factors like population, economic growth, employment, and more. This classification varies from state to state. For instance, in Kerala , municipalities are graded as I, II, III, while in Bihar ,
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