The National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) is a national clearinghouse and resource center for missing, unidentified, and unclaimed person cases throughout the United States.
25-781: NamUs is funded and administered by the National Institute of Justice through a cooperative agreement with the University of North Texas Health Science Center 's Center for Human Identification. NamUs resources are provided to law enforcement , medical examiners, coroners , allied forensic professionals, and family members of missing persons. They include technology, forensic and analytical services, investigative support, and local, regional, and online training programs. New York , Connecticut , Tennessee , New Jersey and Oklahoma have passed legislation to require agencies to add missing persons to NamUs listings. In 2003,
50-729: A result of that summit, the Deputy Attorney General created the National Missing Persons Task Force. It identified the need to improve access to information that would help solve missing and unidentified person cases. NamUs was created to meet that need. In 2007, the NamUs Unidentified Persons database was launched. The following year, the NamUs Missing Persons (MP) database was launched. In 2009,
75-567: A statutory advisory board. It also recommended that the NIJ: (1) a focus on research rather than forensic capacity building activities,(2) increase funding for programs for graduate researchers, (3) increase transparency, and (4) do periodic self-assessments. NIJ is focused on advancing technology for criminal justice application including law enforcement and corrections, forensics, and judicial processes, as well as criminology , criminal justice , and related social science research. Much of this research
100-432: Is a need that the private sector is otherwise reluctant to meet. NIJ also supports development of voluntary equipment performance standards, as well as conducting compliance testing. Areas of technology research and development include biometrics , communications interoperability , information technology, less-lethal technologies (e.g. tasers ), and officer safety including bullet-proof vests . Crime mapping and analysis
125-534: Is a topic that includes both technology and social science ( geography ) aspects. The National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers, which are located throughout the United States, play a role in law enforcement technology development, testing, and dissemination. In the 2000s, NIJ developed the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System . A major area of research and support
150-455: Is facilitated by providing grants to academic institutions, non-profit research organizations, and other entities, as well as collaborating with state and local governments. Areas of social science research include violence against women , corrections , and crime prevention , as well as program evaluation . Grants for technology development help facilitate research and development of technology and tools for criminal justice application, which
175-568: Is for forensics and the president's DNA initiative. The Federal Bureau of Investigation developed the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) system as a central database of DNA profiles taken from offenders. In the late 1980s and 1990s, all of the states and the federal government required DNA samples to be collected from offenders in certain types of cases. The demand (casework) for DNA analysis in public crime laboratories increased 73% from 1997 to 2000, and by 2003, there
200-632: Is the research , development, and evaluation agency of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). NIJ , along with the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), and other program offices, comprise the DOJ's Office of Justice Programs (OJP). The National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
225-626: The Bureau of Justice Statistics . In 1982, the LEAA was succeeded by the Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics (1982–1984) and then the Office of Justice Programs in 1984. NIJ was notable among U.S. governmental research organizations because it is headed by a political appointee of the president rather than by a scientist or a member of the civil service . The Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011 removed
250-556: The National Institute of Justice began funding major efforts to maximize the use of DNA technology in the U.S. criminal justice system , including in the investigation of missing and unidentified person cases. By 2005, the institute expanded its efforts with the “Identifying the Missing Summit”, where criminal justice practitioners, forensic scientists, policymakers, and victim advocates defined major challenges in investigating and solving missing and unidentified decedent cases. As
275-647: The criminal justice system. Technical working groups (or TWGs) were created by the National Institute of Justice to create crime scene guides for state and local law enforcement . The guides were individually developed by a separate Technical Working Group tasked with a single topic. The groups were a multidisciplinary group of content-area experts from across the United States . The groups included urban and rural jurisdictions as well as Federal agencies representatives. Each participating member
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#1732794056765300-941: The science policy of the United States . Independent agencies [ edit ] National Science Foundation (NSF) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Smithsonian Institution research centers and programs Department of Agriculture [ edit ] Agricultural Research Service (ARS) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Economic Research Service (ERS) United States Forest Service Research and Development (R&D) Department of Commerce [ edit ] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Department of Defense [ edit ] Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Uniformed Services University of
325-1532: The Health Sciences (USU) Education Institute of Education Sciences (IES) National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) Energy Office of Science (DOE SC) Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E) National Laboratories Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Food and Drug Administration science and research programs Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) Coast Guard Research and Development Center (CG RDC) Interior United States Geological Survey (USGS) Justice National Institute of Justice (NIJ) FBI Science and Technology Branch Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Federal Aviation Administration Research, Engineering, and Development Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology Treasury Office of Financial Research (OFR) Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development (ORD) Executive Office of
350-858: The Health Sciences (USU) Department of the Air Force [ edit ] Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center (NWC) Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Space Systems Command (SSC) Department of the Army [ edit ] United States Army Materiel Command (AMC) Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC) Department of
375-1475: The Interior [ edit ] United States Geological Survey (USGS) Department of Justice [ edit ] National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Department of Transportation [ edit ] Research and Innovative Technology Administration Federal Aviation Administration Research, Engineering, and Development Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology Environmental Protection Agency [ edit ] Air Research Water Research Climate Change Research Ecosystems Research Land, Oil Spill, and Waste Management Research Homeland Security Research Veterans Affairs [ edit ] Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development (ORD) Multi-agency initiatives [ edit ] Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program (NITRD) National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Judicial branch [ edit ] Federal Judicial Center Legislative branch [ edit ] House Committee on Science, Space and Technology Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) (defunct) v t e Federal research and development agencies of
400-1632: The Navy [ edit ] Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (MCWL) Office of Naval Research (ONR) Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) Naval Air Warfare Center (NASC) Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Warfare Center (NCCOSC) Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWSCL) United States Naval Observatory (USNO) Department of Education [ edit ] Institute of Education Sciences (IES) National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) Department of Energy [ edit ] Office of Science (DOE SC) Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) National Laboratories Department of Health and Human Services [ edit ] National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Food and Drug Administration science and research programs Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) Department of Homeland Security [ edit ] Directorate for Science and Technology (S&T) Coast Guard Research & Development Center (CG RDC) Department of
425-781: The President Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program (NITRD) National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Legislative branch House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) (defunct) Judicial branch Federal Judicial Center Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_federal_research_and_development_agencies&oldid=1259546635 " Categories : Agencies of
450-2331: The United States ( list ) Independent agencies National Science Foundation (NSF) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Smithsonian Institution research centers and programs Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (ARS) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Economic Research Service (ERS) United States Forest Service Research and Development (R&D) Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Defense Army Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDCOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center (CCDCSC) CCDC Armaments Center (CCDCAC) Picatinny Arsenal Benét Laboratories Watervliet Arsenal Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Marine Corps Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (MCWL) Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity (MCOTEA) Navy Office of Naval Research (ONR) Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) Naval Warfare Centers Air (NAWC) Surface (NSWC) Undersea (NUWC) Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance (NCCOSC) Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWS) Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Operational Test and Evaluation Force (OPTEVFOR) Air Force Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) Air Armament Center (AAC) Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center (NWC) Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center (AFOTEC) Space Force Space Systems Command (SSC) Other Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Uniformed Services University of
475-700: The need for Senate confirmation of the NIJ director. In 2010, the United States National Research Council released a report on reforming the NIJ, and identified issues with its independence, budget, and scientific mission. While it considered making the NIJ separate from its current department, Office of Justice Programs, it recommended retaining the NIJ within the OJP but giving it increased independence and authority through clear qualifications for its director, control over its budget, and
500-410: The several years of their existence they developed numerous guides including the following: List of United States federal research and development agencies This is a list of United States federal agencies that are primarily devoted to research and development , including their notable subdivisions. These agencies are responsible for carrying out
525-604: The two databases were connected for automatic case comparisons. In 2011, daily management of NamUs was transitioned to the University of North Texas Health Science Center, with continued administration and oversight by the National Institute of Justice. Management through the Center for Human Identification at the university enhanced NamUs's ability to facilitate DNA services and enhanced the quality and quantity of DNA information entered into NamUs. In 2012, an Analytical Division
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#1732794056765550-512: Was a backlog of 350,000 rape and homicide cases. In 2003, President George W. Bush proposed the Advancing Justice Through DNA Technology initiative, which would include $ 1 billion over five years to reduce backlogs, develop and improve capacity of state and local law enforcement to use DNA analysis, support research and development to improve the technology, and additional training for those working in
575-629: Was added to NamUs. Also in 2012, the NamUs AFIS/Fingerprint Unit was created, bringing additional in-house forensic services to NamUs, including a collaboration with the FBI's Latent Print Unit to search all unidentified decedent prints through the Next Generation Identification system. In May 2018, NamUs 2.0 was released. National Institute of Justice The National Institute of Justice ( NIJ )
600-802: Was established on October 21, 1968, under the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 , as a component of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA). In 1978, it was renamed as the National Institute of Justice. Some functions of the LEAA were absorbed by NIJ on December 27, 1979, with passage of the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979 . The act, which amended the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, also led to creation of
625-482: Was experienced in the area of crime scene investigation and evidence collection in the criminal justice system from the standpoints of law enforcement, prosecution , defense , or forensic science . The Technical Working Groups were designed to be short term in duration to respond to a topic. Longer term groups exist under other organizations such as the FBI's Scientific Working Group (SWG's) on Digital Evidence . Technology Working Group topics have included: During
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