Nanoor is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal .
92-893: Nanoor (also spelt Nanur, called Chandidas Nanoor), is a village in Nanoor CD block in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in West Bengal . Nanoor is the birthplace of 14th century lyric poet Chandidas of Vaishnava Padavali fame. It is developing as a craft centre with NGO support. With the massacres in 2000, Nanoor was in intense media focus. The archaeological department of Calcutta University organised an excavation programme in Nanoor in 1932 and 1957 but nothing much has happened since then. The archaeological discoveries at Jalundi village in Nanoor block in 2007 are believed to be
184-489: A Suri court sentenced 44 people to life imprisonment in the case. It included 4 CPI (M) members (including a Zonal Committee member) and 40 party supporters. According to press reports, it was the first time that so many people were given punishment in a single case in West Bengal. Press reports further said that the clash was over the right to cultivate a 4-bigha plot. The hacking to death of 11 farmers, also happen to be
276-834: A population growth of 11.30 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Birbhum district was 17.88 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. Census Town in Nanoor CD Block is (2011 census figures in brackets): Parota (5,267). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Nanoor CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Daskalgram (4,377), Kirnahar (7,103), Papuri (5,148), Charkalgram (5,344), Chandidas Nanoor (8,399), Baliguni (4,039), Sajnor (4,274) and Brahmankhanda (5,842). Other villages in Nanoor CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Pakurhans (3,999), Thupsara (3,419), Nawanagar (1,438), Uchkaran (3,486), Bara (2,448), Saota (3,704), Karea (2,349), Jalandi (2,433), Kadda (704). As per
368-472: A total income of ₹1,620,000,000 in fiscal year 2021–22. The party reported zero funding from Electoral Bonds . CPI(M) is officially known as भारत की कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी) [ Bhārat kī Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī (Mārksvādī) ] in Hindi, but it is often known as मार्क्सवादी कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी ( Mārksvādī Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī , abbreviated MaKaPa ) in press and media circles. During its initial years after
460-419: A total population of 218,654, of which 213,387 were rural and 5,267 were urban. There were 112,185 (51%) males and 106,469 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 26,040. Scheduled Castes numbered 71,153 (32.54%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 5,221 (2.39%). As per 2011 census, Nanoor block had a total population of 218,543, out of which 111,974 were males and 106,569 were females. Nanoor Block registered
552-543: Is 47 km from Suri , 18 km from Bolpur / Santiniketan and 29 km from Ahmedpur . Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. As per historical records there have been at least 13 intensive droughts between the years 1799 and 1855. The drought of 1836-37 was particularly severe. Nanoor police station has jurisdiction over Nanoor CD block. The headquarters of Nanoor CD block are located at Nanoor. As per
644-620: Is a communist political party in India . It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats, and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from the Communist Party of India in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant faction. The 34 years of CPI(M) led Left Front rule in West Bengal was the longest-serving democratically elected communist-led government in
736-673: Is a clear pattern that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with disadvantaged population in general and Muslim population in particular.” (The disadvantaged population includes SCs, STs and Muslims.) Livelihood in Nanoor CD Block In Nanoor CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 20,157 and formed 24.74%, agricultural labourers numbered 39,608 and formed 48.61%, household industry workers numbered 2,738 and formed 3.36% and other workers numbered 18,958 and formed 23.30%. Total workers numbered 81,488 and formed 37.27% of
828-474: Is at Nanoor. Gram panchayats of Nanoor block/ panchayat Samiti are: Bara-Saota, Chandidas-Nanoor, Charkalgram, Daskalgram-Kareya I, Daskalgram-Kareya II, Jalundi, Kirnahar I, Kirnahar II, Nowanagar Kodda, Thupsar and Uchkaran. Nanoor is the birthplace of 14th century lyric poet Chandidas of Vaishnava Padavali fame. In the Nanoor massacre , 11 farmers owing allegiance to Trinamool Congress were killed at Suchpur, Nanoor, on 27 July 2000. In 2010,
920-659: Is bounded by Labpur CD Block on the north, Ketugram I and Mongalkote CD Block, in Purba Bardhaman district, on the east and south, and Bolpur Sriniketan CD Block on the west. On the south Mangalkote CD Block is across the Ajay . Nanoor CD Block has an area of 311.83 km . It has 1 panchayat samity , 11 gram panchayats , 120 gram sansads (village councils), 137 mouzas and 131 inhabited villages, as per District Statistical Handbook Birbhum 2008. Nanoor police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block
1012-1254: Is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act . Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teacher s, entertainment artistes and so on. There are 130 inhabited villages in Nanoor CD Block, as per District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 129 villages (99.23%) have drinking water supply. 31 villages (23.85%) have post offices. 121 villages (93.08%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 51 villages (39.23%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 55 villages (42.31%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 9 villages (6.92%) have agricultural credit societies and 8 villages (6.15%) have banks. Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2004–05 (the agricultural labourer data
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#17327945053551104-467: Is for 2001), persons engaged in agriculture in Nanoor CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 9,255 (15.53%), patta (document) holders 9.776 (16.41%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3,550 (5.96%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 8,360 (14.03%) and agricultural labourers 28,639 (48.07%). Birbhum is a predominantly paddy cultivation-based agricultural district. The area under paddy cultivation in 2010-11
1196-457: Is found in the district and Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station has a capacity of 2,010 MW, the economic condition of Birbhum is dominated by agriculture. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. In Birbhum district, 19,968 hectares of vested agricultural land has been distributed amongst 161,515 beneficiaries, till 2011. However, more than 38% of
1288-570: Is located at 23°43′N 87°52′E / 23.71°N 87.86°E / 23.71; 87.86 . Nanoor CD Block is part of the Suri-Bolpur Plain, one of the four sub-micro physiographic regions of Birbhum district. It covers the interfluves of the Mayurakshi and Ajay rivers, in the south-eastern part of the district. This area exhibits somewhat upland topography sloping from north-west to south-east. Nanoor CD Block
1380-568: Is natural that such an age could produce a tantric devoted to his goddess, who could indulge in composing Sahajiya lyrics and propagate the merits of humanism. His compositions were a possible source of inspiration for Sri Chaitanya (1486-1534). There are claims that Chandidas originally belonged to Ketugram , in neighbouring Purba Bardhaman district, and later came to Nanoor. Nanoor is located at 23°42′N 87°52′E / 23.70°N 87.86°E / 23.70; 87.86 . It has an average elevation of 24 metres (79 ft). It
1472-495: Is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region . The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau . The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay , Bakreshwar , Mayurakshi and Brahmani , have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of the total district. Although coal
1564-561: The 2011 Census of India , Chandidas Nanur had a total population of 8,399 of which 4,268 (51%) were males and 4,131 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 977. The total number of literates in Chandidas Nanur was 5,409 (72.88% of the population over 6 years). On 27 July 2000, CPI(M) activists allegedly killed 11 landless agricultural labourers in Suchpur, near Nanoor and under Nanoor police station. The prime witness to
1656-677: The Election Commission of India . The Communist Party of India (Marxist) emerged from a division within the Communist Party of India , which was formed on 26 December 1925. The CPI had experienced an upsurge in support during the years following the World War II , and had led armed rebellions in Telangana , Tripura , and Kerala. However, it soon abandoned the strategy of armed revolution in favor of working within
1748-645: The Gupta era . At another place in Nanoor, some coins of the Gupta era were recovered. During and prior to the Gupta era, Buddhism had a strong hold over Bengal and early tantric practices prevailed. Chandidas lived about 500 years ago, just around or a little prior to the arrival of Muslims in Bengal. By then the poet Jaydeva had already composed the Gita Govinda (see map below for location of Jayadev Kenduli). It
1840-720: The Indian state of Tripura besides a good presence in West Bengal , Kerala and Kanpur . They have an average presence in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh . According to the provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour , CITU had a membership of approximately 6,040,000 in 2015. Tapan Kumar Sen is the General Secretary and K. Hemalata is the president of CITU. K. Hemalata was the first woman President in CITU who
1932-669: The Parliament framework. In 1950, B. T. Ranadive , the CPI general secretary and a prominent representative of the radical sector inside the party, was demoted on grounds of left-adventurism. Under the government of the Indian National Congress party of Jawaharlal Nehru , independent India developed close relations and a strategic partnership with the Soviet Union . The Soviet government consequently wished that
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#17327945053552024-681: The Vishnu temple at Serandi built in mid 19th century as a navaratna with turrets arranged without an upper storey and with porches on triple archways with terracotta façade, and (7) the renovated Chand Raya (1768) temple at Uchkaran as a small flat roofed or Chandni type structure with traditional pillars and terracotta decoration. Nanoor Rural Hospital with 30 beds is the main medical facility in Nanoor CD block. There are primary health centres at Banagram, Khujutipara and Kirnahar . Nanoor (community development block) Birbhum district
2116-443: The 130 inhabited villages 62 villages had no medical facilities. Nanoor Rural Hospital at Nanoor has 30 beds. There are primary health centres at Banagram (PO Nanoor) (6 beds), Khujutipara (10 beds) and Kirnahar (10 beds). CPI(M) Former parties Former parties Former parties Post-independence and Cold War Contemporary history The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M) )
2208-474: The 2011 census the total number of literates in Nanoor CD Block was 133,769 (69.45% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 74,095 (74.87% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 59,674 (63.72% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 11.56%. See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate Primary Census Abstract Data In
2300-513: The 2011 census, Hindus numbered 141,490 and formed 64.71% of the population in Nanoor CD Block. Muslims numbered 76,457 and formed 34.97% of the population. Christians numbered 443 and formed 0.20% of the population. Others numbered 264 and formed 0.12% of the population. The proportion of Hindus in Birbhum district has declined from 72.2% in 1961 to 62.3% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in Birbhum district has increased from 27.6% to 37.1% during
2392-415: The 2011 census, in Nanoor CD Block, amongst the 130 inhabited villages, 4 villages did not have a school, 39 villages had more than 1 primary school, 45 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 28 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. 11 villages had senior secondary schools. There was 1 degree college for arts, science and commerce in Nanoor CD Block. Chandidas Mahavidyalaya
2484-431: The 44, four were CPI(M) members. Nanoor Chandidas Memorial High School is a Bengali-medium co-educational institution established in 1937. It has arrangements for teaching from Class V to XII. Chandidas Mahavidyalaya was established at Khujutipara in 1972. There is a temple dedicated to Devi Basuli at Nanoor. The Navaratna temple at Brahmandihi, Kirnahar Vadrokali Tala Temple , Parota Mahaprabhu Tala Temple and
2576-557: The AICCCR separated itself from CPI(M). This split divided the party throughout the country. But notably in West Bengal, which was the center of the violent radicalized stream, no prominent leading figure left the party. The party and the Naxalites (as the rebels were called) were soon to get into a bloody feud. In Andhra Pradesh, another revolt was taking place. There the pro-Naxalbari dissidents had not established any presence. But in
2668-616: The Basuli temple (see pic lower down on this page) now stands and the surrounding area resembling a mound is called Chandibhita (see pic in the infobox). An effort was made by the University of Calcutta to understand what is there in the mound by excavating a small section of it. In the “Excavations at Nanoor by K.G.Goswami, March 1950”, the report says that in the mound, with a radius of around 550 feet and height of 17 feet, there are five occupational levels. The lowest of these levels belong to
2760-499: The CPI died. After his death, Shripad Amrit Dange was installed as the party chairman (a new position) and E.M.S. Namboodiripad as general secretary. This was an attempt to achieve a compromise. At a CPI National Council meeting held on 11 April 1964, 32 Council members walked out. The leftist section, to which the 32 National Council members belonged, organized a convention in Tenali , Andhra Pradesh 7 to 11 July. In this convention,
2852-606: The CPI-M were also influenced by JP with Jyoti Basu noted to be one of his prominent admirers having worked under him in the All India Railwaymen's Federation during the 1940s. The involvement of the Hindutva movement however complicated matters, according to JP the formal inclusion of the marxists who had undergone a splintering and whose organisation was localised in particular region would have been detrimental to
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2944-537: The CPI-M's labour union became the first subject to political repression and mass arrests while the rest of the members of the CPI-M went underground. With the initiation of the Jayaprakash Narayan (JP)'s movement, the CPI-M began providing support to it and went on to participate in discussions for the creation of a united front under the umbrella of the Janata Party . Several of the leaders of
3036-580: The CPI. The CPI(M) also adopted its own political program. Puchalapalli Sundarayya was elected general secretary of the party. In total, 422 delegates took part in the Calcutta Congress. CPI(M) claimed that they represented 104,421 CPI members, 60% of the total party membership. At the Calcutta conference, the party adopted a class analysis of the character of the Indian state, that claimed
3128-509: The CPSU. The Central Committee of CPI(M) held its first meeting on 12–19 June 1966. The reason for delaying the holding of a regular CC meeting was that several of the persons elected as CC members at the Calcutta Congress were jailed at the time. A CC meeting had been scheduled to have been held in Thrissur during the last days of 1964, but had been canceled due to the wave of arrests against
3220-664: The Chand Roy temple and four Shiva temples at Uchkaran are amongst the temples under the protection of the state archaeological department. In 2001, the invaluable and rare black-stone Saraswati idol went missing from the Bishalakshmi temple. David J. McCutchion mentions several temples in the Nanoor area: (1) the Shiva temple at Thupsara built in 1833 as a standard (small) tightly ridged early rekha deul of Birbhum-Bardhaman type with terracotta carvings on three sides, (2)
3312-610: The Communist Party in India would toe the lines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) or follow an independent path based on the concrete analysis of the Indian situation. The alleged 'right-wing' inside the party followed the Soviet path whereas the 'left-wing' wanted to follow the mass party with a class line with national characteristics, based on the 'independent' development of socialism in accordance to
3404-407: The India situation. Moreover, the faction of CPI which later became CPI(M) referred to the "right" strategy as a national approach of class collaboration, a damning charge within the communist movement, in which the prioritization of working-class interests and independence is considered paramount. Ideological difference also grew on the analysis of the role and character of the Indian bourgeoisie and
3496-400: The Indian bourgeoisie was increasingly collaborating with imperialism . Parimal Das Gupta's alternative draft program was not circulated at the Calcutta conference. However, Souren Bose , a delegate from the far-left stronghold Darjeeling , spoke at the conference asking why no portrait had been raised of Mao Tse-Tung along with the portraits of other communist stalwarts. His intervention
3588-603: The Indian communists moderate their criticism towards the Indian state and assume a supportive role towards the Congress governments. However, large sections of the CPI claimed that India remained a semi- feudal country and that Class conflict could not be put on the back-burner for the sake of guarding the interests of Soviet trade and foreign policy. Moreover, the Indian National Congress appeared to be generally hostile towards political competition. In 1959
3680-580: The Janata Alliance. CPI(M) West Bengal under the leadership of Jyoti Basu fought the 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election . Initially the election was planned to fight in alliance with the Janata Party but the negotiations between the parties broke down. This led to a three sided contested between the Indian National Congress , the Janata Party and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left Front coalition . The results of
3772-495: The Jora Shiva temples at Serandi built in 1830 as a late wide ridging (banded) rekha deul with terracotta carvings, (3) the four Shiva temples at Uchkaron built in 1769 as standard small char chala structures with rich terracotta facades, (4) the small decorated char chala Shiva temples at Nanoor, (5) the Jora Shiva temple at Nanoor as a standard ‘Hooghly-Burdwan’ 18th century or earlier small at chala structures, (6)
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3864-562: The Nanoor killings was injured in an attack allegedly by CPI-M activists. The Nanoor area has continued to be turbulent. On the basis of a FIR (first information report) lodged with the police against CPI(M) men, the police made arrests and in August 2001 they submitted charge sheets against 82 accused. The trial started in 2000 and continued for eight years. The session court delivered verdict on Nanoor Massacre case in 2010, when 44 persons were convicted and sentenced to Life Imprisonment. Out of
3956-514: The Tenali convention, a Bengal-based pro-Chinese group, representing one of the most radical streams of the CPI left-wing, presented a draft program proposal of their own. These radicals criticized the draft program proposal prepared by Makineni Basavapunnaiah for undermining Class conflict and failing to take a clear pro-Chinese position in the ideological conflict between the CPSU and the CPC. After
4048-528: The Tenali convention, the CPI left-wing organized party district and state conferences. In West Bengal , a few of these meetings became battlegrounds between the most radical elements and the more moderate leadership. At the Calcutta Party District Conference, an alternative draft program was presented to the leadership by Parimal Das Gupta (a leading figure amongst far-left intellectuals in the party). Another alternative proposal
4140-607: The bank of the Dontapukur at Nanoor in memory of Dwija Chandidas and Rajakini (washerwoman) Tami. It is called Chandidas Mela. In 2013–14, Nanoor CD block had 159 primary schools with 12,606 students, 21 middle schools with 2,144 students, 16 high schools with 8,968 students and 10 higher secondary schools with 12,684 students. Nanoor CD Block had 1 general degree college with 2,345 students, 3 technical/ professional institutions with 249 students and 337 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,900 students. As per
4232-419: The biggest toll in a political clash in West Bengal in recent memory. The Hindu wrote, “On a long term, the killings, symbolising the birth of a new theatre of violence after Keshpur in district Midnapore - where deaths and maiming in political clashes have become a bizarre routine - constitute an extremely disturbing augury for the society in Bengal. As per the 2011 Census of India , Nanoor CD Block had
4324-463: The central government intervened to impose President's rule in Kerala, toppling the E. M. S. Namboodiripad cabinet (the sole non-Congress state government in the country). The basis of difference in opinion between the two factions in CPI was ideological – about the assessment of the Indian scenario and the development of a party programme. This difference in opinion was also a reflection of whether
4416-523: The central government. Initially, the Indian National Congress formed a minority government led by Prafulla Chandra Ghosh , but that cabinet did not last long. Following the proclamation that the United Front government had been dislodged, a 48-hour hartal was effective throughout the state. After the fall of the Ghosh cabinet, the state was put under President's Rule. CPI(M) launched agitations against
4508-660: The character of the Indian revolution. While the 'right wing' in the Party sought the Indian bourgeoisie to have a 'progressive' character and called for a national democratic revolution, the 'left wing' sought the character of the Indian bourgeoisie to be essentially reactionary and called for a peoples' democratic revolution. However as the 'left wing' grew, the Congress and the Party's 'right wing' dubbed them as pro-Chinese and essentially made extensive efforts to incriminate them of committing 'anti-national' activities. This ideological difference later intensified, and ultimately gave rise to
4600-527: The country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal. Nanoor CD block has 8 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 10 km from the CD block headquarters. SH 6 , running from Rajnagar (in Birbhum district) to Alampur (in Howrah district), passes through Nanoor CD Block. A fair is organized annually, on the occasion of dol purnima (full moon), on
4692-638: The critique of the development of CPI(M). It was signed by T. Nagi Reddy, D.V. Rao, Kolla Venkaiah, and Chandra Pulla Reddy . In total, around 50% of the party cadres in Andhra Pradesh left the party to form the Andhra Pradesh Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries , under the leadership of T. Nagi Reddy. In November 1967, the West Bengal United Front government was dismissed by
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#17327945053554784-425: The declaration of the emergency and the formal draft of the ordinance were both notably corroborated to have been forwarded by Siddhartha Shankar Ray . The Communist Party of India (Marxist) emerged as one of the primary opposition to The Emergency (India) . The following period witnessed a succession of authoritarian measures and political repression, which was particularly severe in West Bengal. The members of
4876-548: The district. In 2013–14, there were 45 fertiliser depots, 6 seed stores and 25 fair price shops in Nanoor CD block. In 2013–14, Nanoor CD block produced 75,113 tonnes of Aman paddy , the main winter crop, from 24,949 hectares, 2,182 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 978 hectares, 24,377 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 7,134 hectares, 3,721 tonnes of wheat from 1,448 hectares, 14,403 tonnes of potatoes from 832 hectares and 3,275 tonnes of sugar cane from 49 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013–14,
4968-743: The efforts to create a new political organization. In the fall of 1971 three small groups, which were all hosted by the CPI(M), came together to form the Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist) . The new party became the sister party of CPI(M) in Bangladesh. In 1975, the Prime Minister of India , Indira Gandhi imposed a State of emergency on the premise of internal disturbances suspending elections, legitimising rule by decree and curbing civil liberties . The proposition for
5060-584: The election was a surprising sweep for the Left Front winning 230 seats out of 290 with the CPI-M winning an absolute majority on its own, Basu became the Chief Minister of West Bengal . From the 1977 election the CPI(M) led Left Front won 7 continuous elections till 2011. Under Jyoti Basu's leadership the Left Front won, 1977 , 1982 , 1987 , 1991 , 1996 elections. For the next 23 years he
5152-410: The establishment of CPI(M). Hundreds of CPI leaders, accused of being pro-Chinese, were imprisoned. Thousands of Communists were detained without trial. The Communist Party CPI(M) has a strong history of championing labor rights and it supports the rights of industrial laborers, demanding fair wages, safe working conditions, and the right to unionize. In 1962, Ajoy Ghosh , the General Secretary of
5244-503: The far-left North Bengal cadre Charu Majumdar . However, Hare Krishna Konar (representing the leadership of the CPI left-wing) forbade the raising of the slogan Mao Tse-Tung Zindabad (Long live Mao Tse-Tung) at the conference. Parimal Das Gupta's document was also presented to the leadership at the West Bengal State Conference of the CPI leftwing. Das Gupta and a few others spoke at the conference, demanding
5336-412: The finest traditions of Bengali padavali (gathering of songs). The Nanoor-Kirnahar area is full of folk-myths about Chandidas – the story of his love for a washer woman, the story of his religious devotion and music and the story of his death. The temple of Bisalakhi or Bagisree (more popular as Basuli) is believed to have been the centre of the devotional activity of Chandidas. The place at Nanoor where
5428-499: The interventions of the central government in West Bengal. The 8th Party Congress of CPI(M) was held in Kochi , Kerala, on 23–29 December 1968. On 25 December 1968, whilst the congress was held, 42 Dalits were burned alive in the Tamil Nadu village of Kizhavenmani . The massacre was a retaliation from landlords after Dalit labourers had taken part in a CPI(M)-led agitation for higher wages. The United Front government in Kerala
5520-540: The issues of the internal disputes in the party were discussed. 146 delegates, claiming to represent 100,000 CPI members, took part in the proceedings. The convention decided to convene the 7th Party Congress of CPI in Kolkata later the same year. Marking a difference from the official sector of CPI, the Tenali convention was marked by the display of a large portrait of the Communist leader of China, Mao Zedong . At
5612-512: The largest in the West Bengal legislative. But with the active support of CPI and the Bangla Congress , Ajoy Mukherjee was returned as Chief Minister of the state. Mukherjee resigned on 16 March 1970, after a pact had been reached between CPI, Bangla Congress, and the Indian National Congress against CPI(M). CPI(M) strove to form a new government, instead but the central government put the state under President's Rule. Though land reform
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#17327945053555704-546: The lower end of the spectrum of marketable skills, it remains doubtful if these activities generate enough return for their family’s sustenance.” Birbhum district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund . The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across
5796-492: The movement as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members would switch sides if they joined. JP and Basu eventually came to an agreement that the CPI-M would not formally join the Janata Party as it would weaken the movement. After the revocation of the emergency, the CPI-M joined an electoral alliance with the Janata Party in the 1977 Indian general election which resulted in an overwhelming victory for
5888-689: The new industrial projects set-up in West Bengal between 1991 and 2005, only 1.23% came to Birbhum. Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station is the only large-scale industry in the district and employs about 5,000 people. There are 4 medium-scale industries and 4,748 registered small-scale industries. The proportion of workers engaged in agriculture in Birbhum has been decreasing. According to the District Human Development Report, “more people are now engaged in non-agricultural activities, such as fishing, retail sales, vegetable vending, selling milk, and so on. As all these activities are at
5980-566: The official for Barga Operation. They suggested to start it organising people in the field instead of sitting in the houses of rural rich people or the places dominated by them. Centre of Indian Trade Unions , CITU is a National level Trade Union in India and its trade union wing is a spearhead of the Indian Trade Union Movement. The Centre of Indian Trade Unions is today one of biggest assembly of workers and classes of India. It has strong unchallengeable presence in
6072-467: The operational land holding is marginal or less than 1 acre. The proportion of agricultural labourers amongst total workers in Birbhum district is 45.9%, the highest amongst all districts of West Bengal. Culturally rich Birbhum, with such traditional landmarks as Jaydev Kenduli and Chandidas Nanoor , is home to Visva-Bharati University at Santiniketan , having close association with two Nobel laureates – Rabindranath Tagore and Amartya Sen . Nanoor
6164-560: The party called for a Bandh (general strike) in Patna on 9 August 1965 in protest against the Congress state government. During the strike, police resorted to violent actions against the organizers of the strike. The strike was followed by agitations in other parts of the state. P. Sundaraiah, after being released from jail, spent the period of September 1965 – February 1966 in Moscow for medical treatment. In Moscow, he also held talks with
6256-512: The party launched agitations against the rise in fares in the Calcutta Tramways Company and against the then-prevailing food crisis. Statewide general strikes and hartals were observed on 5 August 1965, 10–11 March 1966, and 6 April 1966. The March 1966 general strike resulted in several deaths during confrontations with police forces. Also in Kerala, mass arrests of CPI(M) cadres were carried out during 1965. In Bihar ,
6348-420: The party organization, there were many veterans from the Telangana armed struggle, who rallied against the central party leadership. In Andhra Pradesh, the radicals had a strong base even amongst the state-level leadership. The main leader of the radical tendency was T. Nagi Reddy , a member of the state legislative assembly. On 15 June 1968, the leaders of the radical tendency published a press statement outlining
6440-441: The party ought to adopt the class analysis of the Indian state of the 1951 CPI conference. His proposal was, however, voted down. The Calcutta Congress was held between 31 October and 7 November, at Tyagraja Hall in southern Kolkata . Simultaneously, the CPI convened a Party Congress in Mumbai . The group which assembled in Calcutta would later adopt the name 'Communist Party of India (Marxist)', to differentiate themselves from
6532-424: The party. The meeting discussed tactics for electoral alliances and concluded that the party should seek to form a broad electoral alliance with all non-reactionary opposition parties in West Bengal (i.e. all parties except Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party ). This decision was strongly criticized by the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Party of Labour of Albania , the Communist Party of New Zealand , and
6624-415: The proportion of BPL families was more than 50%. In three CD Blocks – Rajnagar, Suri I and Labhpur – the proportion of BPL families was less than 30%. The other ten CD Blocks in Birbhum district were placed in between. According to the District Human Development Report, Birbhum, “Although there is no indication that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with higher share of agricultural labourer, there
6716-643: The radicals within the party itself. The line was changed at a National Council meeting in Jalandhar in October 1966, where it was decided that the party should only form alliances with select left parties. At this point, the party stood at crossroads. There were radical sections of the party who were wary of the increasing parliamentary focus of the party leadership, especially after the electoral victories in West Bengal and Kerala. Developments in China also affected
6808-626: The ruins of the ancient Pala or Sen dynasties . According to the historian Binoy Ghosh , there were at least three poets associated with the name of Chandidas . They were identified as ‘Baru’, ‘Dwija’ and ‘Din’. Baru Chandidas possibly belonged to Chhatna in Bankura district and he composed Srikrishnakirtan . Not much is known about Din Chandidas, except that he also composed on the life of Sri Krishna . Dwija Chandidas possibly belonged to Nanoor and composed lyrically rich creations initiating
6900-508: The same period. Christians formed 0.3% in 2011. Languages in Nanoor CD block (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 98.15% of the population spoke Bengali and 1.77% Santali as their first language. As per the BPL household survey carried out in 2005, the proportion of BPL households in Nanoor CD Block was 34.7%, against 42.3% in Birbhum district. In six CD Blocks – Murarai II, Nalhati II, Rampurhat II, Rampurhat I, Suri II and Murarai I –
6992-572: The situation inside the party. In West Bengal, two separate internal dissident tendencies emerged, which both could be identified as supporting the Chinese line. In 1967, a peasant uprising broke out in Naxalbari , in northern West Bengal. The insurgency was led by hardline district-level CPI(M) leaders Charu Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal . The hardliners within CPI(M) saw the Naxalbari uprising as
7084-506: The spark that would ignite the Indian revolution. The CPC hailed the Naxalbari movement, causing an abrupt break in CPI(M)-CPC relations. The Naxalbari movement was violently repressed by the West Bengal government, of which CPI(M) was a major partner. Within the party, the hardliners rallied around an All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries . Following the 1968 Burdwan plenum of CPI(M) (held on 5–12 April 1968),
7176-579: The split, the party was often referred to by different names such as 'Left Communist Party' or 'Communist Party of India (Left)'. The party has used the name 'Left' because CPI people were dubbed 'rightist' in nature for their support of the Congress-Nehru regime. During the Kerala Legislative Assembly elections of 1965, the party adopted the name 'Communist Party of India (Marxist)' and applied to obtain its election symbol from
7268-443: The state. The quantum of land thus vested was around one million acres (4,000 km2) of good agricultural land. Subsequently, under the leadership of Hare Krishna Konar and Benoy Choudhury land was distributed amongst 2.4 million landless and poor farmers. Later after 1970 the united front government of west Bengal fail and the land reform was also stopped for seven years and after left front came in West Bengal in 1977 this land reform
7360-492: The time between two party congresses, the Central Committee is the highest decision-making body. The Central Committee shall elect from among its members a Polit Bureau including the General Secretary. The Polit Bureau carries on the work of the Central Committee between its two sessions and has the right to take political and organisational decisions in between two meetings of the Central Committee. CPI(M) had
7452-465: The time, the radical sections of the Bangladeshi communist movement were divided into many factions . Whilst the pro-Soviet Communist Party of Bangladesh actively participated in the rebellion, the pro-China communist tendency found itself in a peculiar situation as China had sided with Pakistan in the war. In Calcutta, where many Bangladeshi leftists had sought refuge, CPI(M) worked to co-ordinate
7544-480: The total area irrigated in Nanoor CD block was 6,000 hectares, out of which 2,500 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 2,000 hectares by tank water, 100 hectares by river lift irrigation and 1,400 hectares by shallow tube wells. In 2013–14, Nanoor CD block had offices of 9 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks . According to the District Human Development Report, 2009, Birbhum is one of the most backward districts of West Bengal in terms of industrial development. Of
7636-406: The total population, and non-workers numbered 137,166 and formed 62.73% of the population. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry
7728-555: The world. It has been also the third largest party of parliament several times. Presently, CPI(M) is a part of ruling alliances in two states - the LDF in Kerala , which it leads, and the SPA in Tamil Nadu . It also has representation in the legislative assemblies of seven states. The All-India Party Congress is the supreme authority of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). However, during
7820-656: Was 249,000 hectares of land. Paddy is grown in do, suna and sali classes of land. There is double to triple cropping system for paddy cultivation. Other crops grown in Birbhum are gram, masuri, peas, wheat, linseed, khesari, til, sugarcane and occasionally cotton. 192,470 hectares of cultivable land is under irrigation by different sources, such as canals, tanks, river lift irrigation and different types of tubewells. In 2009–10, 158,380 hectares were irrigated by canal water. There are such major irrigation projects as Mayurakshi and Hijli. Other rivers such as Ajoy, Brahmani, Kuskurni, Dwaraka, Hingla and Kopai are also helpful for irrigation in
7912-513: Was brought forward to the Calcutta Party District Conference by Aziz ul Haq , but Haq was initially banned from presenting it by the conference organizers. At the Calcutta Party District Conference, 42 delegates opposed M. Basavapunniah's official draft program proposal. At the Siliguri Party District Conference, the main draft proposal for a party program was accepted, but with some additional points suggested by
8004-595: Was elected after A. K. Padmanabhan . It runs a monthly organ named WORKING CLASS . CITU is affiliated to the World Federation of Trade Unions . In 1971, Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan ) declared its independence from Pakistan . The Pakistani military tried to quell the uprising. India intervened militarily and gave active backing to the Bangladeshi rebels . Millions of Bangladeshi refugees sought shelter in India, especially in West Bengal. At
8096-681: Was established at Khujutipara in 1972. In 2014, Nanoor CD block had 1 rural hospital, 3 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 48 beds and 7 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 34 family welfare subcentres. 3,008 patients were treated indoor and 56,528 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block. As per 2011 census, in Nanoor CD Block, 6 villages had community health centres, 9 villages had primary health centres, 35 villages had primary health subcentres, 9 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 8 villages had veterinary hospitals, 18 villages had medicine shops and out of
8188-404: Was forced out of office in October 1969, as the CPI, RSP, KTP, and Muslim League ministers resigned. E.M.S. Namboodiripad handed in his resignation on 24 October. A coalition government led by CPI leader C. Achutha Menon was formed, with the outside support of the Indian National Congress . Fresh elections were held in West Bengal in 1969. CPI(M) contested 97 seats and won 80. The party was now
8280-426: Was met with huge applause from conference delegates. The CPI (M) was born into a hostile political climate. At the time of the holding of its Calcutta Congress, large sections of its leaders and cadres were jailed without trial. Again on 29–30 December, over a thousand CPI (M) cadres were arrested and detained and held in jail without trial. In 1965 new waves of arrests of CPI(M) cadres took place in West Bengal , as
8372-602: Was renamed to Operation Barga and this barga was the notable contribution to the people from Left Front Government of West Bengal. To begin with, group meetings between Officials and Bargadars were organized during "settlement camps" (also called "Reorientation camps"), where the bargadars could discuss their grievances. The first such camp was held at Halusai in Polba taluk in Hooghly district from 18 to 20 May 1978. In noted camp, two Adibashi Borgaders objected procedure adopted by
8464-421: Was successfully done in three Indian states ( West Bengal , Kerala , and Tamil Nadu ), India's first land reform was done in West Bengal in 1967, under the leadership of two Communist leaders: Hare Krishna Konar and Benoy Choudhury , in which Hare Krishna Konar played a leading role in getting surplus land held by big land owners in excess of land ceiling laws and kept ‘benami' (or false names) vested with
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