A nanny is a person who provides child care . Typically, this care is given within the children's family setting. Throughout history, nannies were usually servants in large households and reported directly to the lady of the house. Today, modern nannies, like other domestic workers , may live in or out of the house, depending on their circumstances and those of their employers. Some employment agencies specialize in providing nannies, as there are families that specifically seek them and may make them a part of the household.
81-496: Nannies differ slightly from other child care providers. A childminder works out of their own home, operating as a small business. In America, childminders are often advertised as a daycare. Depending on the country the childminder or daycare is in, government registration may or may not be required. Within the UK, a childminder must be Ofsted -registered, hold a current paediatric first aid qualification, public liability insurance and follow
162-435: A kindergarten or schoolteacher does the same, but in a school environment. Even though there are no legal requirements to be considered a nanny, families may require a background check and a CPR certification. Families may also look for other special skills in a nanny, such as being bilingual or having early childhood development coursework done. Nannies help play a key role in a child's development by providing care. In
243-509: A separate apartment (sometimes called a "nanny flat") or room, and possibly a car. While a live-in nanny was commonly available 24 hours a day in the past, this is much less common now and often these nannies work 10–12 hours on and the remainder of the day off. Essentially, these nannies are working while the children are awake and the parents are at work. A live-in nanny is nowadays more common among wealthier families because live-in nannies often have all their living expenses paid and provided by
324-519: A 50 to 57 hour week. Geoff Barton, the general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders , said "Ofsted and the government are the source of much of the stress and anxiety on staff through an extremely high-pressure accountability system." On 8 January 2023, Ruth Perry, head at Caversham Primary School in Reading, Berkshire , took her own life while waiting for the publication of
405-542: A Section 8 to confirm a Good School's continual status, they may extend the inspection by one day so converting it into a Section 5 in order to grade the school outstanding. Section 8 of the Education Act 2005 (as amended) gives the Secretary of State the legal authority to request His Majesty's Chief Inspector (HMCI) to enter a school for the purpose of obtaining information. Section 8 Inspections cannot change
486-540: A case where a school had been downgraded: We couldn't understand this rationale at all. It turned out that Ofsted had made a brief visit to the school some time before the inspection and had come up with some sort of unreported provisional judgement. So all that evidence we had gathered meant nothing and essentially this team of experienced inspectors was not trusted to make a judgement. Barton concluded his article, "the accounts above reveal an inspection system that appears in too many cases to be doing great damage. My sense
567-419: A day, seven days per week, but most commonly work five nights/days a week for the first three months of a newborn's life. The role can consist of assisting parents with feeding guidance, nursery set up, premature infant, multiples, colic, reflux, and sleep guidance/training. There are various training organizations that offer non-accredited certifications, however, in an unregulated field parents should ensure that
648-400: A day. And never touch pen, brush or pencil as long as you live." Gilman abided by Mitchell's instructions for several months before practically losing control of her sanity. Eventually, Gilman divorced her husband and pursued a life as a writer and women's rights activist. She later explained in her 1935 autobiography The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman that she could not be restrained to
729-412: A neutral or negative impact on students' results. In response to criticisms about the increased workload inspection frameworks caused, Ofsted pledged it would not change its inspection framework during the school year. Wilshaw also dismissed speculation that Ofsted itself was responsible for teachers' heavy workload (in excess of 60 hours per week) describing it as 'a red herring'. However, a 2015 poll by
810-484: A person looking to move interstate or abroad for either a short period of time or to set themselves up financially. Typically, a live-in nanny is responsible for the entire care of the children of their employers. This includes anything from washing the children's clothes, tidying the children's rooms, supervising homework, preparing children's meals, taking children to and from school, and taking children to after-school sports and/or activities. Employee benefits may include
891-482: A reduction from 19% to 9% in the number of schools judged to be Outstanding, and an increase from 4% to 10% in the number of schools judged to be Inadequate. A framework for section 5 inspections of academies and maintained schools was introduced from January 2012, and replaced with another new framework in September 2012. Public consultation was undertaken, and Ofsted prepared for the new framework after piloting
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#1732793854323972-610: A report on the school on its website. In addition to written comments on a number of areas, schools were assessed on each area and overall on a 4-point scale: 1 (Outstanding), 2 (Good), 3 (Satisfactory) and 4 (Inadequate). Schools rated Outstanding or Good might not be inspected again for five years, while schools judged less favourably were inspected more frequently, and might receive little or no notice of inspection visits. Figures published in March 2010 showed that revised inspection criteria, which were introduced in September 2009, resulted in
1053-586: A report that downgraded her school from outstanding to inadequate. Perry's family said she had described the previous November's inspection as the worst day of her life. The National Education Union, school leaders' union NAHT and the Association of School and College Leaders called for inspections to be halted, and a petition calling for an enquiry into the inspection received more than 230,000 signatures. HM Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills (the head of Ofsted), Amanda Spielman , rejected
1134-428: A schools allocated designation but can trigger a Section 5 Inspection where that might happen. They are used in three ways: This is followed by : Inspection judgements form the body of the report. For each heading, eight or more critical paragraphs, at the inspectors discretion, are written that support the grade given. The two principal strands that are being examined are the effectiveness of safeguarding of
1215-570: A series of inspections across the country. Among other changes, the new system relabelled the "Satisfactory" category as "Requires Improvement", with an expectation that schools should not remain at that level. In 2015 they published a Common Inspection Framework, and four handbooks which gave much of the details of inspections. These are no longer/not statutory documents so can be changed regularly. The four handbooks are: A new Education Inspection Framework (EIF) introduced from September 2019 sets out how Ofsted undertakes inspections under section 5 of
1296-470: A suite of rooms called the nursery . Some were supported by at least one assistant, known as a nursemaid (or nurserymaid). Because of their deep involvement in raising the children of the family, nannies were often remembered with great affection and treated more kindly than the junior servants. Nannies were often present in the households of the colonial officials tasked with managing vast colonial empires . Nannies in colonial societies spent their lives in
1377-453: A system that existed until 2005. This system was based on schools being inspected by teams containing three types of inspector. Each team was led by a 'registered' inspector. They were accompanied by a number of 'team' inspectors, the number of which depended on the size of the school. Each team also contained 'lay' inspector recruited from outside the world of education. In September 2005 the distinction between registered, team and lay inspectors
1458-482: A teaching role, helping parents to establish good sleeping patterns or troubleshooting the sleeping patterns of a child. Roles and qualifications vary between countries. The night nanny works together with the family's requirements and philosophies. The qualifications of a night nanny are usually in mothercraft nursing (see sleep guidance specialist or early childhood development). Pay rates vary from country to country, but night nannies are usually well paid in comparison to
1539-689: Is called a 'full report' and administered under section 5 of the 2005 Education Act , while a monitoring visit is conducted under the authority given by section 8 of the 2005 Education Act and can also be called an Ofsted section 8 inspection . In 1833, Parliament agreed an annual grant to the National Society for Promoting Religious Education and the British and Foreign School Society , which respectively provided Church of England and non-denominational elementary schools for poor children. In 1837, two inspectors of schools, Seymour Tremenheere and
1620-478: Is marked by the formation of a clot in a vein without prior inflammation of the wall of the vein. It is associated with prolonged bed rest, surgery, pregnancy, and other conditions in which blood flow becomes sluggish or the blood coagulates more readily than normal. The affected area, usually the leg, may become swollen and tender. The danger is that the clot may become dislodged and travel to the lungs (a pulmonary embolism ). Complete bed rest refers to discouraging
1701-459: Is responsible for inspecting a range of educational institutions, including state schools and some independent schools. It also inspects childcare, adoption and fostering agencies and initial teacher training, and regulates early years childcare facilities and children's social care services. The chief inspector ("HMCI") is appointed by an Order in Council and thus becomes an office holder under
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#17327938543231782-480: Is that it's time to stop quietly accepting that the way Ofsted is the way Ofsted should be." In response, Wilshaw attacked Barton for being "too quick to perpetuate a 'them against us' view of the schools inspectorate... we fall back on a 'clichéd defence-mechanism' of whingeing about inconsistency", and insisted that Ofsted was becoming "more rigorous and demanding". However, Barton argued the letter lost some of its force and all of its credibility for being published on
1863-556: The Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) which said "Ofsted is over-reliant on number crunching, using test data which are fundamentally unsound" and added that the organisation was "ripe for overhaul". Over a period of several years the Select Committee had questioned the Chief Inspector over its treatment of Summerhill School and what it had learnt from the 1999 Court Case and subsequent inspections. In
1944-637: The Education and Skills Act 2008 , the Education and Inspections Act 2006 and the Childcare Act 2006 . The current Chief Inspector is Sir Martyn Oliver , who was appointed in January 2024 replacing Amanda Spielman . Ofsted directly employs His Majesty's Inspectors (HMI), who are appointed by the King in Council. As of July 2009 , there were 443 HMIs, of whom 82 were engaged in management, 245 in
2025-528: The NUT found that 53% of teachers were planning to leave teaching by 2017, with the extra workload from Ofsted's 'accountability agenda' a key factor in seeking a job with a better work/life balance. The Ofsted complaints procedure has also been heavily criticised for opacity and a strong bias in favour of the inspectors. Geoff Barton, after writing an article strongly critical of Ofsted's use of raw data rather than inspection reports to determine grades, noted that:
2106-485: The rest-cure , is a medical treatment in which a person lies in bed for most of the time to try to cure an illness. Bed rest refers to voluntarily lying in bed as a treatment and not being confined to bed because of a health impairment which physically prevents leaving bed. The practice is still used although a 1999 systematic review found no benefits for any of the 17 conditions studied and no proven benefit for any conditions at all, beyond that imposed by symptoms. In
2187-471: The "central nervous system" of the school – examining how well the school was managed, and what processes were in place to ensure standards improve; the school leadership and management were expected to be aware of everything in the SEF. The SEF served as the main document when planning the inspection, and was crucial in evaluating the school's capacity to improve. After an inspection of a school, Ofsted published
2268-401: The 19th and early 20th centuries, a nanny was usually known as a "nurse", and was typically female. "Nurses" were found in higher-income homes, and "nurses" were either hired or were slaves. Originally, the hired person would have been expected to breastfeed the infant, a role known as a " wet nurse ". In some households, the nurse was a senior member of the household staff and ran her own domain,
2349-650: The Court Agreement between DfE and Summerhill School, Independent Schools Tribunal IST/59, inspections would include two advisors from the school and one from the DfE to ensure the fairness of the process. The school had campaigned for all schools to be similarly inspected, ensuring openness and accountability for the process. In August 2013, 18 of the 24 newly launched Free Schools were graded Good or Outstanding by Ofsted; however, with over 100 state schools being downgraded from an Outstanding classification that year,
2430-514: The Crown. Sir Martyn Oliver has been HMCI since 2024 ; since August 2020 the chair of Ofsted has been Christine Ryan : her predecessors include Julius Weinberg and David Hoare. Ofsted publish reports on the quality of education and management at a particular school and organisation on a regular basis. His Majesty's Inspectors (HMI) rank schools based on information gathered in inspections which they undertake. An Ofsted section 5 inspection
2511-522: The Day care Standards provisions of the 1989 Children Act . Schedule 11 of the Education and Inspections Act 2006 changed the way in which Ofsted works without significantly changing the provision. Since 2006 the structure of Ofsted has derived elements from business models, with a chair, an executive board, regional officers, and a formal annual report to Parliament in the light of concerns about schools, and local authority children's services. In April 2007,
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2592-485: The EYFS. A mother's helper is someone who may live in or out of the household, and assists the person of the house with general chores as well as caring for the children. The term au pair usually refers to a young person, who comes from abroad to live with the host family and learn the local culture and language, while helping care for the children. A governess concentrates on educating children inside their own home, and
2673-537: The Education Act 2005 (as amended), section 109 of the Education and Skills Act 2008, the Education and Inspections Act 2006 and the Childcare Act 2006. A Section 5 is also known as a full inspection; a section 8 is also called a monitoring visit. When the inspectors find serious causes for concern, they may extend the section 8 so it becomes a section 5 with the additional legal powers. Similarly, when using
2754-646: The Education and Training Inspectorate in Northern Ireland, Education Scotland (previously HM Inspectorate of Education ) in Scotland, and Estyn in Wales perform similar functions within their education systems. A new Education Inspection Framework (EIF) introduced from September 2019 sets out how Ofsted undertakes inspections under section 5 of the Education Act 2005 (as amended), section 109 of
2835-575: The Ofsted complaints procedure too often seems constructed around a deep and dutiful need for self-protection. Thus an inspection system that demands transparency from schools refuses to release its own inspection notes, When challenged, it dares us to resort to a Freedom of Information request and then rejects those same requests because they don't conform to a definition of "public interest". In 2015, an inspector revealed that inspection judgements can be arbitrarily over-ruled by senior figures, commenting on
2916-685: The Reverend John Allen, were appointed to monitor the effectiveness of the grant. James Kay-Shuttleworth , then Secretary of the Privy Council 's Education Committee, ensured that the inspectors were appointed by Order in Council to guard their independence. The grant and inspection system was extended in 1847 to Roman Catholic elementary schools established by the Catholic Poor School Committee . Inspectors were organised on denominational lines, with
2997-1147: The US and UK. In the United States, and in the United Kingdom no formal qualifications are required to be a nanny. However, some parents prefer or sometimes require their nanny to have a CPR and/or first aid certification. In the United States, nanny training and certifications are increasing as the US Nanny Association has published national standards and issues certifications for Professional Nannies, Newborn and Infant Professionals and Certified Nannies. Many Nannies have childhood education credits or degrees, though these are usually not required. Various television programs feature real nannies, many of whom help parents discipline children. These include Abismo de pasión (in Spanish), Nanny 911 , Supernanny , and Take Home Nanny . In addition, several television series feature fictional Nannie's including
3078-468: The United States, nearly 20% of pregnant women have some degree of restricted activity prescribed despite the growing data showing it to be dangerous, causing some experts to call its use "unethical". Extended bed rest has been proven to be a potentially harmful treatment needing more careful evaluation. Women who are pregnant and are experiencing early labor, vaginal bleeding, and cervix complications have been prescribed bed rest. This practice in 2013
3159-693: The absence of complications) does not improve outcomes. Bed rest is therefore not recommended routinely in those with a multiple pregnancy. Use in combination with assisted reproductive technology such as embryo transfer is also not recommended. For people with back pain bed rest has previously been recommended. Bed rest, however, is less beneficial than staying active. As a treatment for low back pain, bed rest should not be used for more than 48 hours. Prolonged bed rest has long been known to have deleterious physiological effects, such as muscle atrophy and other forms of deconditioning such as arterial constriction. Besides lack of physical exercise it
3240-424: The advent of effective antihypertension medications, bed rest was a standard treatment for markedly high blood pressure . It is still used in cases of carditis secondary to rheumatic fever . Its popularity and perceived efficacy have varied greatly over the centuries. In 1892, feminist writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman published " The Yellow Wallpaper ", a horror short-story based on her experience when placed under
3321-497: The benefit of schools, parents, and government instead of reporting to the Secretary of State. In September 2001, HM Chief Inspector of Schools in England became responsible for registration and inspection of day care and childminding in England, and the position was renamed HM Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills . Previously this was done by 150 local authorities , based on their implementation by 1992 of
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3402-598: The calls to halt Ofsted inspections. As a reaction to the news of Perry's death, heads at some schools have worn black armbands during inspections or removed references to Ofsted from their websites. On 25 March 2023, research carried out by the Hazards Campaign and the University of Leeds as reported in The Observer , stated that "Stress caused by Ofsted inspections was cited in coroners' reports on
3483-549: The chronic sick, with large inadequately heated wards and too few nurses - enforce bed rest as the only modus operandi. In addition to bed rest, patients were secluded from all family contact to reduce dependence on others. The only person whom bed-rest patients were allowed to see was the nurse who massaged, bathed, and clothed them. Not only were patients isolated in bed for an extended time, they were advised to avoid other activities that might mentally exhaust them - such as writing or drawing. In some extreme cases electrotherapy
3564-432: The churches having a say in the choice of inspectors, until 1876, when the inspectorate was reorganised by area. After the Education Act 1902 , inspections were expanded to state-funded secondary schools along similar lines. Over time more inspections were carried out by inspectors based in local education authorities , with His Majesty's Inspectorate (HMI) focusing on reporting to the Secretary of State on education across
3645-445: The comedy titled “The Nanny” as well as the popular Disney series “Jessie”. Ofsted The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills ( Ofsted ) is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's government , reporting to Parliament . Ofsted's role is to make sure that organisations providing education, training and childcare services in England do so to a high standard for children and students. Ofsted
3726-510: The consistency of Ofsted grading was once again brought into question, leading to numerous 'How to get a Good Ofsted' guides being created. A 2014 report by the think tank Policy Exchange indicated that many Ofsted inspectors lack the knowledge required to make fair judgements of lessons and that judgements are so unreliable, "you would be better off flipping a coin". A 2014 poll of teachers, carried out by Teacher Support Network , revealed that over 90% of teachers felt Ofsted inspections had
3807-515: The contracts with the RISPs who are no more. 40% of additional inspectors who wanted to continue working for Ofsted were not re-hired after the contractual change. Although Ofsted insisted that this was part of a quality control process and "should not be seen as an admission that its inspections were substandard", serving headteacher and Times Educational Supplement columnist Geoff Barton commented "dispensing with almost 40 per cent of inspectors on
3888-460: The country. The government of John Major , concerned about variable local inspection regimes, decided to introduce a national scheme of inspections through a reconstituted HMI, which became known as the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted). Under the Education (Schools) Act 1992 , HMI would supervise the inspection of each state-funded school in the country, and would publish its reports for
3969-423: The day 40% of inspectors were sacked for not being up to the job. In 2019, Ofsted commissioned a survey on teachers' wellbeing. The Guardian reported that "Teachers said they spent less than half their time in the classroom, with the bulk of their hours spent on marking, planning and administration, including data entry and feedback required by school management to prepare for Ofsted inspections." Teachers worked
4050-421: The deaths of 10 teachers over the past 25 years". In 2015 headteacher Carol Woodward killed herself following an Ofsed Inspection that downgraded her school to inadequate, and in 2013 headteacher Helen Mann hanged herself when Ofsted advised that her plans to transform the curriculum were not happening quickly enough and her school would lose its top level rating. Bedrest Bed rest , also referred to as
4131-432: The domestic lifestyle without losing her sanity, and that "it was not a choice between going and staying, but between going, sane, and staying, insane." The narrator in "The Yellow Wallpaper" reflected her own authentic account. The narrator was advised by her husband to perform the rest cure and avoid creative activities while struggling with fits of depression. After becoming obsessed with the yellow wallpaper in her room,
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#17327938543234212-452: The employer. Some families use what is known as a 'nanny share', where two or more families pay for the same nanny to care for the children in each family on a part-time basis. A more recent addition to the role of a nanny is that of a night nanny. The night nanny usually works with a family anywhere from one night to seven nights per week. A night nanny generally works with children from newborn to five years of age. A night nanny can provide
4293-686: The following: Ofsted is one of the partner inspectorates contributing to joint targeted area inspections (JTAIs), along with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services . There are two types of JTAI: Ofsted was criticised as 'not fit for purpose' in 2007 by the House of Commons Education Select Committee. The committee also highlighted their concern about "the complex set of objectives and sectors that Ofsted now spans and its capacity to fulfil its core mission". Other criticism came from
4374-575: The former Office for Standards in Education merged with the Adult Learning Inspectorate (ALI) to provide an inspection service that includes all post-16 government funded education (but not Higher Education Institutes and Universities which are inspected by the Quality Assurance Agency ). At the same time it took on responsibility for the registration and inspection of social care services for children, and
4455-411: The general nanny, as the night nanny is seen as a specialist or expert in their field. Historically, European women were confined to their beds or their homes for extended periods of time after giving birth. Care was provided either by her female relatives (mother or mother-in-law) or by a temporary attendant known as a monthly nurse . These weeks were called confinement or lying-in , and ended with
4536-451: The grounds of quality is hardly an endorsement of standards." An HMI accompanies an Ofsted inspector on a sample of inspections, including 75% of those of secondary schools. Reports produced by RISPs must be checked and signed off by HMI, sometimes with amendments, before publication. New Additional Inspectors must be monitored and signed off by HMI before working independently. The number of RISPs contracted to conduct school inspections
4617-399: The home and disinfects the bathroom. They help care for the mother, baby, and family. Typically, women from their 20s to 60s take up employment as nannies. Some are younger, though normally younger workers are nursemaids or au pairs rather than nannies in the traditional use of the term. A few positions are filled by men; the term manny is sometimes used for a male nanny, especially in
4698-400: The homes of their masters, often from childhood till old age, taking care of more than one generation (depending on the duration of the post). It was not uncommon for these nannies to be brought along with the family when these colonial officials were posted either back to Europe or to another colony. A "live-in" nanny is much less common than it once was. Being a live-in nanny may be ideal for
4779-471: The impact of Hilton 's Rest and Pain [...]. In one case after another Hilton scored success, after all sorts of fantastic treatments had failed, because he recognised the value of rest in inflammation - particularly in osteomylitis and bone and joint tuberculosis which was then so prevalent. As so often happens, opinion swung to the opposite extreme, and rest came to be regarded as the universal healer. [...] Another reason for undue emphasis on bed rest may be
4860-399: The inspection of schools, and the rest in the inspection of other areas for which Ofsted in responsible. All HMIs inspecting schools have teaching experience. When Ofsted was created the original plan was that inspectors would not be drawn from education. the plan was to give parents an independent review of a school untainted by the education establishment. This plan was quickly replaced by
4941-453: The month", which are traditions and customs regarding recovery from childbirth. The "confinement ladies" are referred to as yue sao , and they have specialized knowledge of how to care for both baby and mother. In Singapore and Malaysia, newborn care specialists are better known as confinement nannies . They assist the mother in taking care of the baby in order to let the mother have a good rest. Confinement food will be prepared to help with
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#17327938543235022-441: The narrator suffers a mental breakdown and frees a "woman behind the wall", metaphorically resembling Gilman's own mental break and release from female expectations. Gilman sent her short story to Dr. Mitchell, hoping that he might change his treatment of women with mental health and help save people from her own experience. The story became a symbol of feminism in the 1970s at the time of its rediscovery. The author Virginia Woolf
5103-442: The overall quality of education and training. Inspection reports provides important information to parents, carers, learners and employers about the quality of education, training and care. These groups should be able to make informed choices based on the information published in inspection reports. Ofsted monitors standards in schools, and tells schools what they are doing right and what they must do to improve. Before 2005 each school
5184-488: The person in treatment from sitting up for any reason, including daily activities like drinking water. Placing the head of a bed lower than the foot is sometimes used as a means of simulating the physiology of spaceflight . As a treatment, bed rest is mentioned in the earliest medical writings. The rest cure, or bed rest cure, was a 19th-century treatment for many mental disorders , particularly hysteria . "Taking to bed" and becoming an "invalid" for an indefinite period
5265-497: The qualifications of their maternity nanny are legitimate and accredited. The Newborn Care Specialist Association is one of many self-appointed certification entities. Some doulas specialize in postpartum care for mother and baby. Another related job is perinatal assistant . Chinese and related East Asian traditions practice a form of postpartum confinement known in Chinese-speaking regions as zuo yue zi "sitting
5346-599: The re-introduction of the mother to the community in the Christian ceremony of the churching of women . A modern version of this rest period has evolved with intentions to give maximum support to the new mother, especially if she is recovering from a difficult labor and delivery. In the US these specialty maternity nannies are known as newborn care specialists (disassociating this specialty from medically qualified nursing). They are highly experienced in all aspects of newborns, aside from medical issues. They may work 24 hours
5427-607: The recovery. Usually, the employment period will be about 28 days up to a maximum of 16 weeks. In Korea these postpartum care workers are called Sanhujorisa . In the Netherlands, standard postnatal care, supported by state medical insurance, includes more than a week of all-day visits called kraamzorg . This kraamverzorgster ( "maternity home care assistant" ) teaches the new mother how to care for her baby, measures both of their health, prepares light meals, entertains older children, performs light household tasks, cleans
5508-446: The rest cure by Dr. Silas W. Mitchell himself. She wasn't allowed to write in a journal, paint a picture, or release her imagination in any way, though she was artistically inclined. If she ever felt ill, she was simply told to return to bed. Her specific instructions from Dr. Mitchell were to "Live as domestic a life as possible. Have your child with you all the time... Lie down an hour after each meal. Have but two hours' intellectual life
5589-412: The school is no longer deemed to be failing. Furthermore, the senior managers and teaching staff can be dismissed and the governing body may be replaced by an appointed Interim Executive Board (IEB). Schools which are failing but where inspectors consider there is capacity to improve are given a Notice to Improve (NtI). Ofsted, as of April 2015, was issuing new guidance to inspectors which will include
5670-492: The students and the impact of governance and management. Inspectors make graded judgements on the following areas: A school is placed into special measures if it is judged as 'inadequate' (Grade 4) in one or more areas and if the inspectors have decided it does not have the capacity to improve without additional help. Schools placed into special measures receive intensive support from local authorities, additional funding and resourcing, and frequent reappraisal from Ofsted until
5751-417: The tendency, since the 19th century, to treat illness in hospital, rather than at home. In most hospitals, even today, the patient is expected to be in bed: the whole organisation is geared to such a state, and there is little provision for the up patient. [...] Furthermore, the routine of the bed bath and the bedpan is firmly established in nursing care. Indeed, many of our older hospitals - especially those for
5832-486: The welfare inspection of independent and maintained boarding schools from the Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI). The services Ofsted inspects or regulates include local services, childminding , child day care , children's centres, children's social care, CAFCASS , state schools , private schools and teacher training providers, colleges , and learning and skills providers in England. It also monitors
5913-660: The work of the Independent Schools Inspectorate . HMI are empowered and required to provide independent advice to the United Kingdom government and parliament on matters of policy and to publish an annual report to parliament on the quality of educational provision in England . Ofsted distributes its functions amongst its offices in London, Manchester, Nottingham, Birmingham, Cambridge, York, Darlington and Bristol. Ofsted covers only England;
5994-443: Was a culturally accepted response to some of the adversities of life. Melville Arnott noted the increased use of bed rest in late-19th and early-20th century medical practice: It has, of course always been recognised that rest is essential for the acutely ill person [...]. But there is little mention of bed rest in the 18th and early 19th century by such authors as Withering , Heberden , and Stokes. [...] The mid-19th century saw
6075-423: Was forced to admit that it had done no quality control checks on these inspectors, and that a few of them – including lead inspectors – were not qualified teachers as prior to 2005 they had been 'lay' inspectors. In 2015, the chief inspector (Sir Michael Wilshall) decided that he wanted more direct control over Ofsted inspectors brought responsibility for their training, deployment and quality 'in-house' and abolished
6156-501: Was inspected for a week every six years, with two months' notice to prepare for an inspection. In September 2005 a new system of short-notice inspections came into being. Under this system the senior leadership of each school were strongly encouraged to complete a Self Evaluation Form (SEF) on a continual basis, which required them to be aware of strengths and areas for development. Inspections were generally two- or three-day visits every three years, with two days' notice. They focussed on
6237-442: Was prescribed. The food the patient was served usually consisted of fatty dairy products to revitalize the body. This "rest cure" as well as its name were created by Doctor Silas Weir Mitchell (1829-1914), and it was almost always prescribed to women, many of whom were suffering from depression, especially postpartum depression . It was not effective and caused many to go insane, suffer complications of prostration, or die. Before
6318-909: Was reduced in 2009 from five to three: As of January 2021 , seventy per-cent of the inspectors are now headteachers or school leaders. Ofsted publish reports on the quality of education and management at a particular school and organisation on a regular basis. His Majesty's Inspectors (HMI) rank schools based on information gathered in inspections which they undertake. Inspectors carry out regular inspections of all maintained schools and academies, some independent schools, colleges, apprenticeship providers, prison education and many other educational institutions and programmes outside of higher education. Ofsted aims to improve lives by raising standards in education and children's social care. Ofsted monitors standards in schools, and tells schools what they are doing right and what they must do to improve. Inspectors publish reports of findings so they can be used to improve
6399-424: Was removed and all contracted inspectors (as opposed to directly employed HMI) became 'Ofsted inspectors'. Most school inspections were carried out by additional Inspectors (AI) employed by external companies known as Regional Inspection Service Providers (RISPs). As of July 2009 , there were 1,948 AIs, of whom 1,567 inspect schools. Although Ofsted claims that most of these have teaching experience, in 2012 it
6480-470: Was shown that another important factor is that the hydrostatic pressure (caused by gravity ) acts anomalously, resulting in altered distribution of body fluids . In other words, when getting up, this can cause an orthostatic hypertension , potentially inducing a vasovagal response . Additionally, prolonged bed rest can lead to the formation of skin pressure ulcers. Even physical exercise in bed fails to address certain adverse effects. Phlebothrombosis
6561-502: Was strongly discouraged due to no evidence of benefit and evidence of potential harm. Evidence is unclear if it affects the risk of preterm birth and due to potential side effects the practice is not routinely recommended. It is also not recommended for routine use in pregnant women with high blood pressure or to prevent miscarriage . Women pregnant with twins or higher-order multiples are at higher risk for pregnancy complications. Routine bed rest in twin pregnancies (bed rest in
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