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39-535: The park was established on 24 April 1912, and opened to the public in July 1918. The park is about 44 hectares in area, and includes around forty buildings such as antique houses , farms , and factories from various parts of the Netherlands and historical periods. The museum also has a collection of historic clothing and jewellery and demonstrates paper production, linseed production, and beer brewing. In 1996,

78-485: A garage for vehicles or a shed for gardening equipment and tools. A house may have a backyard , a front yard or both, which serve as additional areas where inhabitants can relax, eat, or exercise. The English word house derives directly from the Old English word hus, meaning "dwelling, shelter, home, house," which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic husan (reconstructed by etymological analysis) which

117-489: A child that passed away two weeks after birth. In 1945 during an attack by a V-1 flying bomb the collection of garbs and painted furniture was lost. Some research is done on-site at the Open Air Museum for the dating and conservation of materials acquired. The Multimedia Library of the museum contains pictures, slides, diagrams, videos, and audio recordings documenting Dutch folklife. They also work in tandem with

156-417: A common measure of prosperity in economics . Contrast the importance of house-destruction, tent dwelling and house rebuilding in the wake of many natural disasters . Building Functions Types Economics Miscellaneous Institutions Lists Recreation room A recreation room (also known as a rec room , rumpus room , play room , playroom , games room , or ruckus room )

195-892: A foundation. The garbage-sand mixture is also used to protect the house from flooding. In the United States, modern house construction techniques include light-frame construction (in areas with access to supplies of wood) and adobe or sometimes rammed-earth construction (in arid regions with scarce wood-resources). Some areas use brick almost exclusively, and quarried stone has long provided foundations and walls. To some extent, aluminum and steel have displaced some traditional building materials . Increasingly popular alternative construction materials include insulating concrete forms (foam forms filled with concrete), structural insulated panels (foam panels faced with oriented strand board or fiber cement), light-gauge steel , and steel framing . More generally, people often build houses out of

234-600: A heritage tram line opened in the museum. The line is 1750 m long, standard gauge , featuring electric trams from Amsterdam , Arnhem, Rotterdam , and The Hague , such as a replica of an Arnhem tram from 1929, the GETA 76. In 1999–2000, a new indoor exhibition space was built. The museum won the European Museum of the Year Award in 2005. Annually, it has more than 550,000 visitors. The Open Air Museum

273-457: A household is a family unit of some kind, although households may also have other social groups , such as roommates or, in a rooming house , unconnected individuals, that typically use a house as their home . Some houses only have a dwelling space for one family or similar-sized group; larger houses called townhouses or row houses may contain numerous family dwellings in the same structure. A house may be accompanied by outbuildings, such as

312-400: A living/eating area, a sleeping area, and (if suitable facilities and services exist) separate or combined washing and lavatory areas. Some larger properties may also feature rooms such as a spa room, indoor pool, indoor basketball court, and other 'non-essential' facilities. In traditional agriculture-oriented societies, domestic animals such as chickens or larger livestock often share part of

351-487: A range of different roofing systems to keep precipitation such as rain from getting into the dwelling space. Houses generally have doors or locks to secure the dwelling space and protect its inhabitants and contents from burglars or other trespassers. Most conventional modern houses in Western cultures will contain one or more bedrooms and bathrooms , a kitchen or cooking area, and a living room . A house may have

390-669: A recreation room, or some have a snug , which is a smaller cosy room for watching films and playing video games . Often children and teenagers entertain their friends in their home's recreation room, which is often located in the basement , away from the main living areas of the house . Usually it is a larger space than a living room , enabling the area to serve multiple purposes and entertain moderately large groups. Recreation rooms can have many themes and contents, depending on their intended use. Recreation rooms are normally centered on some form of entertainment, typically an audio/video setup. This can consist of something as elaborate as

429-435: A result, the "private becomes ever more public, [and] the desire for a protective home life increases, fuelled by the very media that undermine it," writes Jonathan Hill . Work has been altered by the increase of communications. The "deluge of information" has expressed the efforts of work conveniently gaining access inside the house. Although commuting is reduced, the desire to separate working and living remains apparent. On

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468-463: A separate dining room , or the eating area may be integrated into the kitchen or another room. Some large houses in North America have a recreation room . In traditional agriculture-oriented societies, domestic animals such as chickens or larger livestock (like cattle) may share part of the house with humans. The social unit that lives in a house is known as a household . Most commonly,

507-465: A vast and elaborate house may serve as a sign of conspicuous wealth whereas a low-profile house built of recycled materials may indicate support of energy conservation. Houses of particular historical significance (former residences of the famous, for example, or even just very old houses) may gain a protected status in town planning as examples of built heritage or of streetscape. Commemorative plaques may mark such structures. Home ownership provides

546-554: Is a room used for a variety of purposes, such as parties , games and other everyday or casual activities. The term recreation room is most prevalent in the United States, while rumpus room is more common in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. In the United Kingdom, the most common term is games room , or sometimes den . Some, however, will have a room specific to one particular game or entertainment unit often found in

585-657: Is of unknown origin. The term house itself gave rise to the letter 'B' through an early Proto-Semitic hieroglyphic symbol depicting a house. The symbol was called "bayt", "bet" or "beth" in various related languages, and became beta , the Greek letter, before it was used by the Romans. Beit in Arabic means house, while in Maltese bejt refers to the roof of the house. Ideally, architects of houses design rooms to meet

624-483: The 17th Century Dutch house was smaller, and was only inhabited by up to four to five members. This was because they embraced "self-reliance" in contrast to the dependence on servants, and a design for a lifestyle centered on the family. It was important for the Dutch to separate work from domesticity, as the home became an escape and a place of comfort . This way of living and the home has been noted as highly similar to

663-583: The autonomous buildings , the super insulated houses and houses built to the Passivhaus standard. Buildings with historical importance have legal restrictions. New houses in the UK are not covered by the Sale of Goods Act . When purchasing a new house, the buyer has different legal protection than when buying other products. New houses in the UK are covered by a National House Building Council guarantee. With

702-552: The contemporary family and their dwellings. By the end of the 17th century, the house layout was transformed to become employment-free, enforcing these ideas for the future. This came in favour for the Industrial Revolution , gaining large-scale factory production and workers. The house layout of the Dutch and its functions are still relevant today. In the American context, some professions, such as doctors, in

741-512: The "aura" in or around a dwelling, making it comparable to the real estate sales concept of "indoor-outdoor flow". The square footage of a house in the United States reports the area of "living space", excluding the garage and other non-living spaces. The "square metres" figure of a house in Europe reports the area of the walls enclosing the home, and thus includes any attached garage and non-living spaces. The number of floors or levels making up

780-572: The 19th and early 20th century typically operated out of the front room or parlor or had a two-room office on their property, which was detached from the house. By the mid 20th century, the increase in high-tech equipment created a marked shift whereby the contemporary doctor typically worked from an office or hospital . Technology and electronic systems has caused privacy issues and issues with segregating personal life from remote work . Technological advances of surveillance and communications allow insight of personal habits and private lives. As

819-693: The Foundation for Historical Farm Research (SHBO), the Working Party for Farmyards Foundation (SWB), and the Centre for Documentation and Information on Regional Dress (SDI) in their research on folk culture. House A house is a single-unit residential building . It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood , masonry , concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing , electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Houses use

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858-409: The construction process. They include: In the developed world, energy-conservation has grown in importance in house design. Housing produces a major proportion of carbon emissions (studies have shown that it is 30% of the total in the United Kingdom ). Development of a number of low-energy building types and techniques continues. They include the zero-energy house , the passive solar house ,

897-651: The country. During World War II, the museum was hit with incendiary bombs , which caused a building in the Zaanse buurt to go up in flames. In 1941, the museum was renamed the Rijksmuseum Voor Volkskunde (National museum for folklore). During the Battle of Arnhem , it temporarily served as a shelter for a few hundred evacuees. Three children were born in the museum - Nora Olga Marijke (November 15, 1944), Franneke van der Kallen (November 17, 1944), and

936-454: The fifth millennium BC and with its contents still preserved was for example excavated at Tell Madhur in Iraq . Roman architect Vitruvius ' theories have claimed the first form of architecture as a frame of timber branches finished in mud, also known as the primitive hut . Philip Tabor later states the contribution of 17th century Dutch houses as the foundation of houses today. As far as

975-825: The general public in 1908. Prefab techniques became popular after World War II . First small inside rooms framing, then later, whole walls were prefabricated and carried to the construction site . The original impetus was to use the labor force inside a shelter during inclement weather. More recently, builders have begun to collaborate with structural engineers who use finite element analysis to design prefabricated steel-framed homes with known resistance to high wind loads and seismic forces . These newer products provide labor savings, more consistent quality, and possibly accelerated construction processes. Lesser-used construction methods have gained (or regained) popularity in recent years. Though not in wide use, these methods frequently appeal to homeowners who may become actively involved in

1014-432: The growth of dense settlement, humans designed ways of identifying houses and parcels of land. Individual houses sometimes acquire proper names , and those names may acquire in their turn considerable emotional connotations. A more systematic and general approach to identifying houses may use various methods of house numbering . Houses may express the circumstances or opinions of their builders or their inhabitants. Thus,

1053-502: The history, visitors could be shown how people used to live in the Netherlands. This way, the old traditions could be preserved. The Association for Folklore The Dutch Open Air Museum (Dutch: Vereniging voor Volkskunde Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum ) was created that same month. It was opened to the public on July 13, 1918. At the time of its opening, the museum contained 6 buildings that had been moved in from other locations across

1092-474: The house can affect the square footage of a home. Humans often build houses for domestic or wild animals , often resembling smaller versions of human domiciles. Familiar animal houses built by humans include birdhouses , hen houses and dog houses , while housed agricultural animals more often live in barns and stables . Many houses have several large rooms with specialized functions and several very small rooms for other various reasons. These may include

1131-438: The house with humans. Most conventional modern houses will at least contain a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen or cooking area, and a living room. The names of parts of a house often echo the names of parts of other buildings, but could typically include: Little is known about the earliest origin of the house and its interior; however, it can be traced back to the simplest form of shelters. An exceptionally well-preserved house dating to

1170-591: The houses accommodated numerous people, including family, relatives, employees, servants and their guests. Their lifestyles were largely communal, as areas such as the Great Hall enforced the custom of dining and meetings and the Solar intended for shared sleeping beds. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Italian Renaissance Palazzo consisted of plentiful rooms of connectivity. Unlike

1209-597: The idea of the home is concerned, the home of the home is the Netherlands . This idea's crystallization might be dated to the first three-quarters of the 17th century, when the Dutch Netherlands amassed the unprecedented and unrivalled accumulation of capital, and emptied their purses into domestic space. In the Middle Ages , the Manor Houses facilitated different activities and events. Furthermore,

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1248-480: The nearest available material, and often tradition or culture govern construction-materials, so whole towns, areas, counties or even states/countries may be built out of one main type of material. For example, a large portion of American houses use wood, while most British and many European houses use stone, brick, or mud. In the early 20th century, some house designers started using prefabrication . Sears, Roebuck & Co. first marketed their Sears Catalog Homes to

1287-400: The needs of the people who will live in the house. Feng shui , originally a Chinese method of moving houses according to such factors as rain and micro-climates, has recently expanded its scope to address the design of interior spaces, with a view to promoting harmonious effects on the people living inside the house, although no actual effect has ever been demonstrated. Feng shui can also mean

1326-429: The other hand, some architects have designed homes in which eating, working and living are brought together. In many parts of the world, houses are constructed using scavenged materials. In Manila 's Payatas neighborhood, slum houses are often made of material sourced from a nearby garbage dump. In Dakar , it is common to see houses made of recycled materials standing atop a mixture of garbage and sand which serves as

1365-526: The physical integration of the corridor into housing by the 19th century. Sociologist Witold Rybczynski wrote, "the subdivision of the house into day and night uses, and into formal and informal areas, had begun." Rooms were changed from public to private as single entryways forced notions of entering a room with a specific purpose. Compared to the large scaled houses in England and the Renaissance,

1404-512: The qualities and uses of the Manor Houses, most rooms of the palazzo contained no purpose, yet were given several doors. These doors adjoined rooms in which Robin Evans describes as a "matrix of discrete but thoroughly interconnected chambers." The layout allowed occupants to freely walk room to room from one door to another, thus breaking the boundaries of privacy . An early example of

1443-574: The same corridor. English architect Sir Roger Pratt states "the common way in the middle through the whole length of the house, [avoids] the offices from one molesting the other by continual passing through them." Social hierarchies within the 17th century were highly regarded, as architecture was able to epitomize the servants and the upper class. More privacy is offered to the occupant as Pratt further claims, "the ordinary servants may never publicly appear in passing to and fro for their occasions there." This social divide between rich and poor favored

1482-580: The segregation of rooms and consequent enhancement of privacy may be found in 1597 at the Beaufort House built in Chelsea, London . It was designed by English architect John Thorpe who wrote on his plans, "A Long Entry through all". The separation of the passageway from the room developed the function of the corridor . This new extension was revolutionary at the time, allowing the integration of one door per room, in which all universally connected to

1521-515: Was created after a suggestion from Frederic Adolph Hoefer in April 1912 to build a park similar to parks and museums he visited in Scandinavia . According to Hoefer, the rise of industrialization and urbanization were causing regional differences to disappear, and traditions and craftsmanship threatened to vanish. By moving the historical building to the museum, with people knowledgeable about

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