The Netzekreis was a district in Germany from 1919 to 1945. For most of its existence, it was part of the Prussian Province of Posen-West Prussia . Its administrative seat was the town of Schönlanke (Trzcianka). Located in the northern part of historic Greater Poland , today the territory of the district is part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland .
18-891: In the 18th century, the area of the future Netzekreis belonged to the Netze District , which became part of the Kingdom of Prussia with the First Partition of Poland in 1772. From 1807 to 1815, the area was ceded by Prussia to the Duchy of Warsaw . In 1815, it was restored to Prussia and became part of the Bromberg Region in the Grand Duchy of Posen , which became the Prussian Province of Posen in 1848. It belonged to Germany since 1871. The district
36-642: A German-perpetrated death march of prisoners of war. In the spring of 1945, the district was conquered by the Red Army and then eventually restored to Poland after the war. At the end of its existence in 1945, the Netzekreis comprised the two towns of Kreuz (Ostbahn) and Schönlanke and 57 other municipalities: Due to the establishment of the Polish-German border along the Noteć river in 1920, only
54-632: A land of the Polish Crown since 1466, King Frederick II of Prussia also seized the adjacent lands of the Greater Poland Province to the south from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the First Partition of Poland of 1772. At first Royal Prussia, i.e. the former Pomeranian , Malbork and Chełmno voivodeships, but with the exception of the former Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (became part of East Prussia ),
72-757: The Intelligenzaktion . In 1939–1940, the German police, gendarmerie and Selbstschutz carried out expulsions of Poles , who were deported either to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland or to forced labour in Germany. The Germans also operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in Ujście. In 1945, Ujście
90-518: The Gwda and Noteć rivers in the ethnocultural region of Krajna . Although there was already a stronghold there in the 7th century, the earliest known mention of Ujście comes from the early 12th-century Gesta principum Polonorum chronicle. Its name means "mouth" in Polish, and refers to Ujście being the location of the river mouth of the Gwda . Ujście was a royal town , administratively located in
108-587: The Schneidemühl Region was renamed "Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia" Region. During World War II , the Germans operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp in Ługi Ujskie . On January 28, 1945, the retreating Germans committed a massacre of six Italian generals ( Giuseppe Andreoli , Emanuele Balbo Bertone , Ugo Ferrero , Carlo Spatocco , Alberto Trionfi , Alessandro Vaccaneo ) at Kuźnica Żelichowska during
126-518: The Netze (German: Netzedistrikt or Netze-Distrikt ; Polish : Obwód Nadnotecki ) was a territory in the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 until 1807. It included the urban centers of Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ), Inowrocław ( Inowraclaw ), Piła ( Schneidemühl ) and Wałcz ( Deutsch Krone ) and was given its name for the Noteć River (German: Netze ) that traversed it. Beside Royal Prussia ,
144-713: The Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province . In 1655, it was the site of the Battle of Ujście during the Swedish invasion of Poland . In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, when it was annexed by Prussia , and from 1871 it was part of Germany . Following the restoration of independent Poland after World War I , in 1920, the town was divided into two parts. The greater part
162-464: The Treaty of Versailles came into effect, according to which all areas of the former districts of Czarnikau, Filehne and Kolmar south of the new Germany–Poland border became again part of Poland. On 11 January 1921 the administrative region of "Frontier March of West Prussia-Posen" was renamed "Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia". On 1 July 1922 the new Province of Posen-West Prussia was formed from
180-458: The administrative region. The new Schneidemühl region was formed on 1 August 1922, which was congruent to the province. In 1936, the municipality of Lukatz-Kreuz was renamed Kreuz (Ostbahn) (Krzyż Wielkopolski) and was made a town. On 1 October 1938 the Netzekreis was incorporated into the Province of Pomerania after the Province of Posen-West Prussia was dissolved. For reasons of tradition,
198-844: The course of the construction of the Bydgoszcz Canal , and from 1775 onwards the Netze District was administered with West Prussia. With the 1793 Second Partition of Poland , the remainder of the Greater Polish province was annexed by Prussia and formed the new province of South Prussia . After the Prussian defeat in the War of the Fourth Coalition and the Greater Poland Uprising , large parts of
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#1732791200361216-528: The former Netze District were administered within the Bromberg Region (Polish: Rejencja ), while the northwestern part belonged to the West Prussian of Marienwerder Region ( Kwidzyn ). Uj%C5%9Bcie Ujście [ˈujɕt͡ɕɛ] ( German : Usch ) is a town in Piła County , Greater Poland Voivodeship , northwestern Poland , with 8,134 inhabitants (2011). It is situated at the confluence of
234-504: The parts of the districts of Czarnikau , Filehne and Kolmar that remained in Germany were jointly administered from Schönlanke (Trzcianka). On 20 November 1919 the area was subordinated to the new administrative region of Frontier March of West Prussia-Posen with its headquarters in Schneidemühl (Piła). The formal merger of the three districts to form the new Netzekreis district took place on 15 December 1919. On 10 January 1920
252-468: The parts of the three towns of Czarnikau (Czarnków), Filehne (Wieleń) and Usch (Ujście) which lay north of the Noteć remained in Germany. These areas continued to exist in the Netzekreis as the municipalities of Deutsch Czarnikau , Deutsch Filehne and Deutsch Usch . In 1937, the prefix “Deutsch” was dropped in these three municipalities. Netze District The Netze District or District of
270-546: The southern Netze District according to the 1807 Treaties of Tilsit fell to the Bydgoszcz Department of the Duchy of Warsaw . The remaining northwestern territory around Wałcz and Kamień was incorporated into the West Prussian province. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the demarcation line was confirmed as the northern border of the newly established Grand Duchy of Posen . The southern territories of
288-547: Was organized as the province of West Prussia . On the other hand, the adjacent annexed areas of the Greater Polish Poznań and Gniezno Voivodeships , as well as of the Kuyavian lands of western Inowrocław Voivodeship along the Noteć ( Netze ) formed the separate Netze District under governor Franz Balthasar Schönberg von Brenkenhoff. Von Brenkenhoff however soon was accused of the waste of public funds in
306-401: Was restored to Poland as the town of Ujście, and a smaller part remained within Germany as the village of Deutsch Usch. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II in 1939, the town was occupied by Germany . Local Polish craftsmen were among the victims of a massacre of Poles from the region carried out by the German police in nearby Morzewo as part of
324-455: Was subjected to Germanisation policies. After the end of World War I and the restoration of independent Poland , large parts of the Province of Posen , as part of historic Greater Poland , i.e. the cradle of the Polish state, were restored by Germany to Poland as a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles , however, small portions in the north remained part of Germany. Since 2 August 1919
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