Misplaced Pages

#88911

145-470: The Supreme Court of New Jersey is the highest court in the U.S. state of New Jersey . In its current form, the Supreme Court of New Jersey is the final judicial authority on all cases in the state court system, including cases challenging the validity of state laws under the state constitution . It has the sole authority to prescribe and amend court rules and regulate the practice of law, and it

290-525: A federal system of government may have both a federal supreme court (such as the Supreme Court of the United States ), and supreme courts for each member state (such as the Supreme Court of Nevada ), with the former having jurisdiction over the latter only to the extent that the federal constitution extends federal law over state law . However, other federations, such as Canada, may have

435-585: A Republican. In May 2018, Governor Phil Murphy announced his intention to renominate Justice Anne Patterson for tenure. Justice Patterson was reconfirmed by the Senate on July 26, 2018. On June 5, 2020, Murphy announced his intention to nominate Fabiana Pierre-Louis to replace Justice Walter F. Timpone, who was required to retire on November 10, 2020. On August 24, 2020, the New Jersey Senate's Judiciary Committee voted 11–0 to advance her nomination to

580-460: A candidate for political office, a justice is considered as resigned from the bench. Should a justice or judge become "incapacitated" to the point at which they can no longer continue in office, the Court as a whole may notify the governor. The governor then appoints a three-member commission and, depending on their decision, may force them to retire. By tradition, a partisan balance is maintained on

725-483: A constitutional nature from Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Azad Kashmir has its own courts system and the constitution of Pakistan does not apply to it as such; appeals from Azad Kashmir relate to its relationship with Pakistan. The provinces have their own courts system, with the High Court as the apex court, except insofar as where an appeal can go to the Supreme Court as mentioned above. The Supreme Court of

870-524: A court of last resort, with the right of appeal to the Privy Council being abolished. The idea of a supreme court owes much to the framers of the Constitution of the United States . It was while debating the division of powers between the legislative and executive departments that delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention established the parameters for the national judiciary. Creating

1015-642: A duty of judicial review, and which can strike down legislation as being in conflict with the Constitution. As with France, administrative cases are ruled by the Council of State . In Japan , the Supreme Court of Japan is called 最高裁判所 (Saikō-Saibansho; called 最高裁 Saikō-Sai for short), located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is the highest court in Japan. It has ultimate judicial authority within Japan to interpret

1160-455: A five-factor test to assess whether a recorded interrogation is admissible. In Abbott v. Burke (1981), or Abbott I , which was filed on behalf of students of the most depressed school districts, the Court decided that a single test must be applied statewide to determine if students were getting the constitutionally mandated education. Also, the Abbott districts are given state aid to match

1305-447: A former U.S. Attorney for New Jersey, selected Monmouth County Sheriff Kim Guadagno . Independent candidate Chris Daggett selected Frank J. Esposito , a history professor and former administrator at Kean University . On November 3, 2009, Christie defeated Corzine by a margin of 48.5% (1,174,445 votes) to 44.9% (1,087,731 votes), with 5.8% (139,579 votes) of the vote going to Daggett. With Christie's election as governor, Kim Guadagno

1450-400: A further hearing on its own judgment. In a matter on which the Supreme Court has ruled – whether as a court of appeals or as the High Court of Justice – with a panel of three or more justices, it may rule at a further hearing with a panel of a larger number of justices. A further hearing may be held if the Supreme Court makes a ruling inconsistent with a previous ruling or if the Court deems that

1595-538: A general outline of the judiciary, vesting of federal judicial power in "one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish". They delineated neither the exact powers and prerogatives of the Supreme Court nor the organization of the Judicial Branch as a whole. In jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby

SECTION 10

#1732771878089

1740-556: A lower court, similar to the New York Supreme Court . Both the "supreme court" and the actual highest court were composed in a radically different manner from that of the current supreme court or its inferior courts. Under the colonial constitution of 1776, the upper house of the legislature (which was styled the Legislative Council ) along with the governor was to be "the Court of Appeals", defined as

1885-421: A lower expectation of privacy , saying in its noted ruling that "school officials need not obtain a warrant before searching a student who is under their authority." In re Quinlan 355 A.2d 647 concerned the right to die of Karen Ann Quinlan, who was in a persistent vegetative state following prolonged respiratory failure . Her parents (and legal guardians) requested to have her ventilator removed, which

2030-595: A new and different court was introduced to judge them in place of normal courts, the Justice Court of the Republic ( Cour de Justice de la République ). It has since been highly criticized and is scheduled for deletion in a constitutional amendment due for 2019. In Germany , there is no de jure single supreme court. Instead, cases are decided in the final instance by one of five federal high courts (see below), depending on their nature. Final interpretation of

2175-498: A permanent and tenable solution to the issue of gubernatorial succession. A referendum put before the state's voters authorized the amendment of the state's constitution in 2006. This amendment provided for the state's first lieutenant governor to be elected in the state's 2009 gubernatorial election . Republican Kim Guadagno was the first to serve in the post. Guadagno, previously the sheriff in Monmouth County ,

2320-419: A person may only be eligible for the position of lieutenant governor if they meet the eligibility qualifications to serve as governor. Article V, Section I, paragraph 2, requires that a candidate for governor (and thus lieutenant governor) be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the United States for at least 20 years, and a resident of New Jersey for at least seven years. Within 30 days after the certification of

2465-532: A private organization it could choose its own membership although it had placed advertisements in local newspapers and magazines. In State ex rel. T. L. O. , 463 A. 2d 934 (1983) the court decided, against two lower courts, that a search of a student's purse without a warrant was unreasonable . This was appealed as New Jersey v. T. L. O. 469 U.S. 325 (1985), wherein the United States Supreme Court ruled that students and minors have

2610-580: A proposed constitutional amendment to create the position of lieutenant governor. In accordance with the state constitution, this proposal was put before the voters as a public question on the ballot for the general election held on November 8, 2005. If passed by the voters, the proposal would take effect at the next gubernatorial election in 2009 . The General Assembly considered legislation, designated as "Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 100" (ACR100), which it passed on February 24, 2005, with 73 votes in favor and 1 opposed The senate followed by approving

2755-548: A royal governor appointed by the Crown. Only two individuals held the post of Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey during its colonial history. This position existed by direct commission from the British monarch only for two brief periods, 1702–09 and 1755–57. For most of the colonial period, in the event of the resignation, prolonged absence or death of the royal governor, the province would be administered by an "acting governor" who

2900-641: A separate "third branch" of government was a novel idea; in the English tradition, judicial power is just one aspect of the sovereign authority of the Crown . It was also proposed in the Constitutional Convention that the judiciary should have a role in checking the executive power to exercise a veto or to revise laws. In the end, the Framers of the Constitution compromised by sketching only

3045-532: A supreme court of general jurisdiction, able to decide any question of law. Jurisdictions with a civil law system often have a hierarchy of administrative courts separate from the ordinary courts , headed by a supreme administrative court (such as the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland , for example). A number of jurisdictions also maintain a separate constitutional court or other judicial or quasi-judicial body (first developed in

SECTION 20

#1732771878089

3190-552: A vacancy. The salary of the chief justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court is $ 192,795, while the salary of each associate justice is $ 185,482. Once in office, the salary of judges may not be decreased. While sitting on the bench, judges are not permitted to practice law or earn money from any other source. A majority of the General Assembly may pass articles of impeachment against a justice, which

3335-514: Is also charged with the review of administrative acts on whether they violate constitutionally guaranteed rights. Other than that, administrative acts are reviewed by the Administrative Court ( Verwaltungsgerichtshof ). The Supreme Court ( Oberste Gerichtshof (OGH) ), stands at the top of Austria's system of " ordinary courts " ( ordentliche Gerichte ) as the final instance in issues of private law and criminal law . In Brazil ,

3480-604: Is banned from testing legislation against the constitution, pursuant to the principle of the sovereignty of the States-General; the court can, however, test legislation against treaties such as the European Convention on Human Rights . Next to the Hoge Raad, in administrative law there are also other highest courts of appeal. Which highest court has jurisdiction in this field of law depends on the subject of

3625-477: Is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itself. The Israeli supreme court is both an appellate court and the high court of justice. As an appellate court, the Supreme Court considers cases on appeal (both criminal and civil) on judgments and other decisions of the District Courts. It also considers appeals on judicial and quasi-judicial decisions of various kinds, such as matters relating to

3770-476: Is by way of the " question préjudicielle " (prejudicial question). The Court of last resort for civil and criminal proceedings is the " Cour de cassation ". For administrative proceedings the highest court is the " Cour administrative " (Administrative Court). The supreme court of Macau is the Court of Final Appeal ( Portuguese : Tribunal de Última Instância ; Chinese : 澳門終審法院 ), though like Hong Kong,

3915-506: Is convened only when one high court intends to diverge from another high court's legal opinion. As the courts have well-defined areas of responsibility, situations like these are rather rare and the Joint Senate gathers very infrequently. The Supreme Court of Iceland ( Icelandic : Hæstiréttur Íslands , lit . Highest Court of Iceland ) was founded under Act No. 22/1919 and held its first session on 16 February 1920. The Court holds

4060-549: Is divided among three judicial bodies: When there is jurisdictional dispute between judicial and administrative courts: the Court of Arbitration ( Tribunal des conflits ), which is empanelled half from the Court of Cassation and half from the Council of State and presided over by the Minister of Justice , is called together to settle the dispute or hand down a final decision. The High Court ( Haute Cour ) exists only to impeach

4205-551: Is elected and qualifies. If there is a vacancy in the office of Speaker of the General Assembly, or if the Speaker declines to become Governor, then the functions, powers, duties and emoluments of the office shall devolve for the time being upon such officers and in the order of succession as may be provided by law, until a new Governor or Lieutenant Governor is elected and qualifies. Article V, Section I, paragraph 8 of

4350-444: Is the arbiter and overseer of the decennial legislative redistricting . One of its former members, William J. Brennan Jr. , became an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . It has existed in three different forms under the three different state constitutions since the independence of the state in 1776. As currently constituted, the court replaced the prior New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals , which had been

4495-542: Is the court of last resort of electoral law , and also oversees general elections . The Superior Military Court ( Tribunal Superior Militar ) is the highest court in matters of federal military law . In Croatia , the supreme jurisdiction is given to the Supreme Court , which secures a uniform application of laws. The Constitutional Court exists to verify constitutionality of laws and regulations, as well as decide on individual complaints on decisions on governmental bodies. It also decides on jurisdictional disputes between

Supreme Court of New Jersey - Misplaced Pages Continue

4640-544: Is the highest court in Nigeria. The Supreme Court mainly regulates in disputes between states and/or the federal government. Another power of the Supreme court rests in its authority to oversee any decisions over presidential elections and term lengths. The Supreme Court has been the apex court for Pakistan since the declaration of the republic in 1956 (previously the Privy Council had that function). The Supreme Court has

4785-678: The Bundesarbeitsgericht (Federal Labour Court) for employment and labour, the Bundesfinanzhof (Federal Fiscal Court) for taxation and financial issues, and the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court) for administrative law. The so-called Gemeinsamer Senat der Obersten Gerichtshöfe (Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts) is not a supreme court itself, but an ad-hoc body that

4930-665: The Appellate Court . In addition, an agreement between Nauru and Australia in 1976 provides for appeals from the Supreme Court of Nauru to the High Court of Australia in both criminal and civil cases, with the notable exception of constitutional cases. In New Zealand , the right of appeal to the Privy Council was abolished following the passing of the Supreme Court Act (2003). A right of appeal to

5075-491: The Appellate Division of that court. Thereafter, it may be brought before the Supreme Court if a statute provides that the case may go to that court, or if it meets one or more of the following five requirements: The court serves as a de facto tie-breaker in case the twelve-member New Jersey Redistricting Commission fails to come to an agreement on who the 13th independent tie-breaking member will be, following

5220-769: The Basic Law , its constitution, the territory remains a common law jurisdiction. Consequently, judges from other common law jurisdictions (including England and Wales ) can be recruited and continue to serve in the judiciary according to Article 92 of the Basic Law. On the other hand, the power of interpretation of the Basic Law itself is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) in Beijing (without retroactive effect), and

5365-643: The Court of Cassation of Armenia is the highest court in Armenia , except in the sphere of constitutional justice, in which the Constitutional Court of Armenia maintains authority. In Austria , the Austrian Constitution of 1920 (based on a draft by Hans Kelsen ) introduced judicial review of legislative acts for their constitutionality . This function is performed by the Constitutional Court ( Verfassungsgerichtshof ), which

5510-672: The Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920 ), such as Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Russia, Spain and South Africa. Within the former British Empire , the highest court within a colony was often called the "Supreme Court", even though appeals could be made from that court to the United Kingdom 's Privy Council (based in London). A number of Commonwealth jurisdictions retain this system, but many others have reconstituted their own highest court as

5655-710: The House of Lords was the ultimate court in addition to being a legislative body , and the Lord Chancellor , with legislative and executive functions, was also a senior judge in the House of Lords. The Supreme Court of the United States , established in 1789, is the highest federal court in the United States . It has final appellate powers over the federal court system , and can perform judicial review in matters involving US federal law (which applies to all

5800-686: The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reaching similar decisions and state supreme courts in Indiana and Pennsylvania deciding the opposite. In State v. Driver (1962), the Court held that a sound recording of an interrogation of a defendant can only be admitted into evidence if it is competent and relevant. The Court introduced

5945-538: The New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division is a lower court, not a supreme court. The titles for judicial officeholders can cause confusion, even within the same jurisdiction. In Texas , the posts of Justice, Judge, and Justices of the Peace are members of successively lower levels of courts. The Roman law and the Corpus Juris Civilis are generally held to be the historical model for civil law. From

Supreme Court of New Jersey - Misplaced Pages Continue

6090-478: The President and Vice-President of the Republic . The Superior Court of Justice ( Superior Tribunal de Justiça ) reviews State and Federal Circuit courts decisions for civil law and criminal law cases, when dealing with federal law or conflicting rulings. The Superior Labour Court ( Tribunal Superior do Trabalho ) reviews cases involving labour law . The Superior Electoral Court ( Tribunal Superior Eleitoral )

6235-703: The President of the French Republic in case of "breach of his duties patently incompatible with his continuing in office". Since a constitutional amendment of 2007, the French Constitution states that the High Court is composed of all members of both Houses of Parliament. As of 2023, it has never been convened. While the President is not , members of the French government are subject to the same laws as other French citizens. However, since 1993,

6380-806: The Scotland Act 1998 , Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council . The Supreme Court shares its members and accommodation at the Middlesex Guildhall in London with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which hears final appeals from certain smaller Commonwealth realm countries, admiralty cases, and certain appeals from

6525-648: The Senate for " advice and consent ". Once appointed after State Senate confirmation, justices (and all state judges in New Jersey) serve for an initial term of seven years. After their initial term, the Governor may choose to nominate them for tenure, sending the nomination for tenure to the State Senate, which must again decide whether or not to grant advice and consent. Judges confirmed to a tenured position on

6670-439: The Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong ) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in London, United Kingdom. Now the power of final adjudication is vested in the Court of Final Appeal created in 1997. Under

6815-541: The Supreme Federal Court ( Supremo Tribunal Federal ) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction , cases involving members of congress , senators , ministers of state, members of the high courts and

6960-468: The ecclesiastical courts and statutory private jurisdictions, such as professional and academic bodies. (The Constitutional Reform Act also renamed the Supreme Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland to the Court of Judicature , and the rarely cited Supreme Court of Judicature for England and Wales as the Senior Courts of England and Wales ). The Supreme Court was set up in 2009; until then

7105-629: The proprietary period (1664–1702), New Jersey was divided into two separate colonies, East Jersey and West Jersey . These were often administered in its first years by deputies who resided in North America and represented the province's governor and its major investors (the "proprietors"), who typically resided in London . In 1702, the proprietors of East and West Jersey surrendered their political authority to Queen Anne . The Queen united both provinces into one crown colony to be administered by

7250-461: The 2001 legislative elections returned a senate with equal numbers of Republicans and Democrats, with each party having 20 senators. Both sides negotiated to choose two senators from their respective parties to serve as co-presidents. Because of an 8-day gap between the seating of the new state legislature and the inauguration of Governor-elect Jim McGreevey , four men held the position of acting governor: After Governor Jim McGreevey resigned in

7395-481: The Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). It has the power of judicial review (i.e., it can declare Acts of Diet and Local Assembly, and administrative actions, unconstitutional). In Luxembourg , challenges on the conformity of the law to the Constitution are brought before the Cour constitutionnelle (Constitutional Court). The most used and common procedure to present these challenges

SECTION 50

#1732771878089

7540-602: The Constitution, the Judiciary Act , and the High Court of Australia Act 1979. It is composed of seven Justices: the Chief Justice of Australia , currently Stephen Gageler AC , and six other Justices. They are appointed by the Governor-General of Australia on the advice of the federal government, and under the constitution must retire at age 70. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh is created by

7685-478: The Court decided in State of New Jersey v. Andrews , by a 4–3 vote, that a court order compelling a defendant to provide the passwords to his cell phones to the police did not violate either federal or state protections against compelled disclosure of potentially self-incriminating information. This ruling contributed to a growing split in how federal and state courts have addressed the issue of compelled decryption, with

7830-671: The Court ruled that Clearview did not violate students' free speech rights under the First Amendment or the New Jersey State Constitution . Dale v. Boy Scouts of America ( 160 N.J. 562 (1999)) concerned the right of the Boy Scouts of America organization to expel a member for declaring himself to be homosexual . James Dale, the plaintiff, was a member of the organization for some years before he made his orientation public. Upon discovering this,

7975-405: The Court serve until they die, resign, retire or are retired, are impeached and removed, or reach the age of 70, at which point they are automatically retired. The Court consists of seven justices, one of whom serves as the chief justice . The chief justice may select judges from the Superior Court, senior in service, to serve temporarily on the Supreme Court when he determines it necessary to fill

8120-420: The German Constitution, the Grundgesetz , is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective. In addition, it has the power to overrule decisions of all other courts, despite not being a court of appeals in the German court system. It is also the only court possessing

8265-450: The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey and New York in November 1702. Ingoldesby served under the colony's first royal governor, Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury and then his successor John Lovelace, 4th Baron Lovelace . Although Lord Cornbury was frequently absent from New Jersey and focused most of his efforts in New York, he refused to permit Ingoldesby any authority to govern. Ingoldesby became acting governor of both provinces briefly after

8410-420: The New Jersey State Constitution, as amended, effective January 17, 2006, which states: In the event of a vacancy in the office of Governor resulting from the death, resignation or removal of a Governor in office, or the death of a Governor-elect, or from any other cause, the Lieutenant Governor shall become Governor, until a new Governor is elected and qualifies. In the event of simultaneous vacancies in both

8555-424: The Privy Council remains for criminal cases which were decided before the Supreme Court was created, but it is likely that the successful appeal by Mark Lundy to the Privy Council in 2013 will be the last appeal to the Board from New Zealand. The new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand

8700-437: The Republican primary for governor, Guadagno chose Woodcliff Lake Mayor Carlos Rendo as her running mate. Phil Murphy , winner of the Democratic primary for governor, selected Assemblywoman Sheila Oliver for the second spot on his ticket. The Murphy-Oliver Democratic team ticket defeated the Guadagno-Rendo Republican ticket in the November general election . Murphy and Oliver were re-elected on November 2, 2021, defeating

8845-513: The Republican ticket of former Assemblyman Jack Ciattarelli for governor and former State Senator Diane Allen for lieutenant governor. The lieutenant governor position became vacant when Oliver died in office on August 1, 2023. Governor Murphy subsequently chose Secretary of State Tahesha Way to become lieutenant governor, and the appointment did not require confirmation, with Way also remaining Secretary of State. As amended on January 17, 2006, New Jersey's state constitution mandates that

SECTION 60

#1732771878089

8990-410: The Secretary of State to tabulate stray late absentee ballots , including military voters stationed outside the state, calculate final adjustments of vote tallies, litigate legal disputes, and conduct recounts if necessary. A.3902 provided a clarification of this deadline as "30 days after primary results are certified by the secretary of state, not the primary election itself." The bill also reduced

9135-453: The Senate will then try . Only a two-thirds majority will convict, and the Senate may punish a convicted justice with only removal from office and prohibition on holding future office. After a justice has been impeached by the General Assembly—but before the Senate renders a verdict on the charges—the justice may not exercise any official function. By virtue of accepting a position in the Executive or Legislative branches of government or becoming

9280-410: The State Constitution explains what happens if the position of Lieutenant Governor becomes vacant: In the event of a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor resulting from the death, resignation or removal of a Lieutenant Governor in office or the death of a Lieutenant Governor-elect or from any other cause, the Governor shall appoint a Lieutenant Governor within forty-five days of the occurrence of

9425-405: The Supreme Court, with the sitting governor permitted to arrange his appointments so that his party has a one-seat advantage. The tradition of partisan balance can influence the governor's selection of a chief justice, a fact demonstrated in 2006 when Chief Justice Deborah Poritz , a Republican, reached the mandatory retirement age. To avoid appointing a Republican to the highest judicial position in

9570-438: The United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary .) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords . Devolution issues under

9715-431: The United States Constitution in 1865. The Court has delivered many cases concerning the rights of individuals, in many cases reading them expansively: In its 1966 decision in Clover Hill Swimming Club , Inc. v. Robert F. Goldsboro and Division on Civil Rights (47 N.J. 25; 219 A.2d 161; 1966 N.J. LEXIS 180), the court ruled against the club, which had denied membership to an African-American . The club claimed that as

9860-755: The United States, also do not have a single highest court. The highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia . On the other hand, in some places the court named the "Supreme Court" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court , the supreme courts of several Canadian provinces/territories , and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales and Supreme Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland , which are all subordinate to higher courts of appeal. Some countries have multiple "supreme courts" whose respective jurisdictions have different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law. Some countries with

10005-554: The acting governor of the state. Codey also served as acting governor once again between April 12 and May 7, 2007 as Corzine recovered from serious injuries suffered in a car accident . In an extremely unusual event in December 2006, state transportation commissioner Kris Kolluri served as acting governor the day of December 28, 2006. As Governor Corzine, Codey the senate president, assembly speaker, and attorney general were all out of state, Kolluri became acting governor. New Jersey elected its first lieutenant governor in 2009. After

10150-484: The case for further trial after finding that expert testimony regarding the defense's submission that Kelly suffered from battered woman syndrome was incorrectly excluded, as the syndrome was a proper subject for expert evidence despite being a new field. In Democratic Party v. Samson, 814 A.2d 1028 (2002), the Court allowed the state Democratic Party to change their candidate for the upcoming federal Senate race from Robert Torricelli to Frank Lautenberg despite

10295-438: The case may be, occur within sixty days immediately preceding a general election, in which case they shall be elected at the second succeeding general election. No election to fill the unexpired terms shall be held in any year in which a Governor and Lieutenant Governor are to be elected for full terms. A Governor and Lieutenant Governor elected for unexpired terms shall assume their offices immediately upon their election. During

10440-548: The case. The most important of these courts is the Department of Justice of the Council of State (Afdeling Bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State). In Portugal , there are several supreme courts, each with a specific jurisdiction: Until 2003, a fifth supreme court also existed for the military jurisdiction, this being the Supreme Military Court ( Supremo Tribunal Militar ). Presently, in time of peace,

10585-405: The colonial era by the president of the royal governor's Provincial Council . After several episodes during which the state had multiple " acting governors " in the span of a few years following the resignations of Governor Christine Todd Whitman in 2001 and Governor James E. McGreevey in 2004, popular sentiment and political pressure from the state's residents and news media outlets sought

10730-723: The commission. The court also acts as final arbiter of the inability or absence of the Governor or Lieutenant Governor , following a declaration by the Legislature. As in federal impeachment trials , in case of impeachment of the Governor, the Chief Justice presides. The Governor nominates all justices to the Court but may choose only from among those lawyers admitted to the New Jersey bar for at least ten years. Following seven days of public notice, nominees are put before

10875-725: The constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law. The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin . In Nauru , there is no single highest court for all types of cases. The Supreme Court has final jurisdiction on constitutional matters, but any other case may be appealed further to

11020-490: The constitutionality of slavery in the state was challenged on the grounds that the first article of the first section of the newly passed (1844) state constitution ("All men are by nature free and independent...") precluded it. The court by two to one (with one absence), rejected this stating that "the constitution has not ... abolished slavery." Slavery was abolished nationwide by the Thirteenth Amendment to

11165-509: The court of last resort, similar to the Law Lords of Great Britain. A separate "Supreme Court" was also mentioned, but no indication of its duties was given, only term limits of its judges (seven years). As time progressed and political philosophies changed, people took issue with numerous parts of the original constitution: It was hastily thrown together, used property qualifications for enfranchisement, contained scant guarantees of freedoms ,

11310-404: The courts are authorised to interpret the Basic Law when trying cases, in accordance with Article 158 of the Basic Law. This arrangement became controversial in light of the right of abode issue in 1999, raising concerns for judicial independence. The Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution . Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that

11455-417: The deadline having passed. In its opinion it cited previous cases before the Court, including one stating "Election laws are to be liberally construed", to decide that the change was in the interest of the electorate. [REDACTED] Media related to Supreme Court of New Jersey at Wikimedia Commons Supreme court Civil law states tend not to have a single highest court. Some federations, such as

11600-470: The decennial United States Census . If the commission reports ("certifies") to the court that it is evenly divided, the commission may nominate two people to become an independent 13th member. The court appoints the one deemed "more qualified," who will then break the tie. If the Commission still cannot reach a 7–6 majority in favor of a final redistricting configuration, the two district plans receiving

11745-591: The decisions of the supreme court usually provide a very strong precedent, or jurisprudence constante , for both itself and all lower courts. The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia . It has both original and appellate jurisdiction , the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and

11890-674: The director of the New Jersey Division of Civil Rights, to replace LaVecchia. Apter was blocked for 14 months by Republican Senator Holly Schepisi by a process called senatorial consent (similar to the blue slip process for federal judgeships), and was only allowed to move forward after two more justices, Barry T. Albin and Faustino J. Fernandez-Vina , had reached retirement age in the interim and Murphy nominated Republican Douglas M. Fasciale to succeed Fernandez-Vina. Both Apter and Fasciale were confirmed on October 17, 2022. The principle of judicial review in New Jersey

12035-736: The district BSA council revoked his membership. Dale sued for violating the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination , which the court unanimously agreed applied to the BSA. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale , 530 U.S. 640 (2000), a 5–4 decision. Apprendi v. New Jersey , a later ruling, was also overruled. In a 4–2 vote in 2000, the court struck down a law signed by Governor Christine Whitman requiring parental notification when abortions were performed on minor children. The court held that

12180-480: The districts had to equally take on the required load of housing, and that ex clusionary zoning was illegal. These requirements are now commonly referred to as the Mount Laurel Doctrine . State v. Kelly , 91 N.J. 178 (1984), is a Supreme Court case where the defendant, Gladys Kelly, was on trial for allegedly murdering her husband, Ernest Kelly, with a pair of scissors. The Supreme Court reversed

12325-442: The final say on matters of constitutional law, federal law or on matters of mixed federal and provincial competence. It can hear appeals on matters of provincial competence only if a matter of a constitutional nature is raised. With respect to Pakistan's autonomous territories (i.e. Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of

12470-612: The full Senate, and on August 27, 2020, the Senate voted 39–0 to confirm her to the Court. Pierre-Louis assumed office on September 1, 2020. Also in June 2020, Murphy announced his intention to nominate Justice Faustino Fernandez-Vina for tenure. On October 29, 2020, the Senate voted 34–0 to grant Fernandez-Vina tenure. On March 8, 2021, Justice Jaynee LaVecchia announced that she would retire on August 31, 2021, more than three years before her mandatory retirement date. A week later, Murphy announced his intention to nominate Rachel Wainer Apter ,

12615-489: The governor the power to appoint the "principal department heads" for the executive branch. For these reasons, New Jersey's governor was considered the most powerful elected chief executive in the United States. In the event of a vacancy in the governor's office, the state constitution specified that the president of the New Jersey State Senate , the upper chamber of the state legislature, would assume

12760-463: The governorship within the span of a few years. In 2001, Governor Christine Todd Whitman resigned after being appointed by George W. Bush to the position of administrator of the federal Environmental Protection Agency . Senate President Donald DiFrancesco became acting governor following Whitman's resignation on January 31, 2001, and remained in office until he retired from the state senate on January 8, 2002. In an unusual political circumstance,

12905-476: The greatest number of votes, but not fewer than five votes, are submitted to the Supreme Court, which selects and certifies whichever of the two plans so submitted conforms most closely to the requirements of the Constitution and laws of the United States. In the case of the Apportionment Commission for state legislative districts, the Chief Justice alone gets to pick the final 11th member of

13050-527: The highest authority in interpreting that state's law and administering that state's judiciary. The courts of Oklahoma and Texas have separate criminal and civil courts of last resort, while Delaware has separate courts for appellate and equity functions. The official names of state supreme courts vary, as do the titles of its members, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions. Alternative names for supreme courts includes Court of Appeals , Supreme Court of Appeals and Supreme Judicial Court . However

13195-435: The highest court created under the Constitution of 1844. Now, the Supreme Court hears appeals from the Appellate Division and, on rare occasions, other cases from within the judicial and administrative system directly, by order of the Court. Until the Constitution of 1947, the Supreme Court was an intermediate court. Under the two previous New Jersey state constitutions (1776 and 1844), the phrase "Supreme Court" referred to

13340-524: The highest judicial power in Iceland. The court system was transformed from a two level system to a three level system in 2018 with the establishment of Landsréttur. Israel 's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel . It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem . The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court

13485-401: The importance, difficulty or novelty of a ruling of the Court justifies such hearing. The Supreme Court also holds the unique power of being able to order " trial de novo " (a retrial). Italy has different supreme courts. The Italian court of last resort for most disputes is the Supreme Court of Cassation . There is also a separate constitutional court, the Constitutional Court , which has

13630-716: The insights and first-hand knowledge he shared had impressed his superiors in Britain, Pownall was commissioned as Royal Governor of Massachusetts in March 1757. Pownall arrived in Boston to assume the new post on August 3, 1757. When Belcher died on August 31, 1757, Pownall did not assume the governorship of New Jersey. Pownall's appointment in Massachusetts left the New Jersey to be administered by John Reading (1686–1767) in his second tenure as "acting governor"—continuing

13775-470: The late 18th century onwards, civil law jurisdictions began to codify their laws, most of all in civil codes . The Supreme Court functions as a last resort tribunal. Its rulings cannot be appealed. It also decides on cases dealing with the interpretation of the constitution (for example, it can overturn a law passed by Congress if it deems it unconstitutional). According to the Armenian constitution

13920-462: The law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India while article 142 vests the court with the inherent power to pass any decree or order to ensure 'complete justice'. It is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). The Supreme Court is also vested with

14065-536: The law, and direct challenges to the constitutionality of laws enacted by the Knesset. The court has broad discretionary authority to rule on matters in which it considers it necessary to grant relief in the interests of justice, and which are not within the jurisdiction of another court or tribunal. The High Court of Justice grants relief through orders such as injunction, mandamus and Habeas Corpus, as well as through declaratory judgments. The Supreme Court can also sit at

14210-523: The legality of Knesset elections and disciplinary rulings of the Bar Association. As the High Court of Justice (Hebrew: Beit Mishpat Gavoha Le'Zedek בית משפט גבוה לצדק; also known by its initials as Bagatz בג"ץ), the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, primarily in matters regarding the legality of decisions of State authorities: Government decisions, those of local authorities and other bodies and persons performing public functions under

14355-426: The legislation, under the title "Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 2 (SCR2), with 32 votes in favor and 5 opposed on March 21, 2005. The senate was still run by Acting Governor Richard Codey as senate president. The question proposed on the ballot read: Shall the amendment of Articles II, IV, V and XI of the Constitution, agreed to by the Legislature, establishing the office of lieutenant governor, and providing for

14500-533: The legislative, executive and judicial branches. In Denmark , all ordinary courts have original jurisdiction to hear all types of cases, including cases of a constitutional or administrative nature. As a result, there exists no special constitutional court, and therefore final jurisdiction is vested with the Danish Supreme Court ( Højesteret ) which was established 14 February 1661 by king Frederik III . In France , supreme appellate jurisdiction

14645-480: The legislature must change state law, within 180 days, to afford equal protection to same-sex couples, via marriage, or an identical substitute, such as civil unions. The New Jersey Legislature responded by enacting civil unions. This case was the basis for a New Jersey Superior Court ruling that led to the legalization of same-sex marriage in New Jersey in Garden State Equality v. Dow . In 2020,

14790-469: The midst of a sex scandal in 2004, Richard Codey served again as acting governor from November 15, 2004. Codey was the only acting governor during this time, as the 2003 legislative elections had given the Democrats outright control of the state senate. Codey's tenure ended with the inauguration of Governor Jon Corzine on January 17, 2006. Public attention was directed to the issue of succession in

14935-454: The nomination was the date of the primary election or the date that the vote count of that election was confirmed as final and certified by the state's Secretary of State. As defined by state law, the primary election is held on "Tuesday after the first Monday in June". However, the reported winner of a primary election is not official until the state's 21 county clerks are canvassed for official results after an election. This allows time for

15080-469: The number of days in which the June primary election results must be certified from 86 days, which would place the deadline in August, to the fourth Friday in June, less than four weeks after the election. By enacting this bill, New Jersey's gubernatorial candidates had an extra three and a half weeks to announce their selection of a lieutenant governor running mate. The 2009 deadline for such an announcement

15225-543: The office of governor after January 17, 2006 would be filled first by the senate president, followed by the speaker of the general assembly, who would vacate their legislative seat upon assuming the governor's office. Reflecting the procedure as outlined above, as Jon Corzine , Codey's successor as governor, attended the swearing in of Bob Menendez as a U.S. Senator on January 18, 2006, in Washington, D.C. , Codey spent part of his first day as former (acting) governor as

15370-481: The offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor resulting from any cause, the President of the Senate shall become Governor until a new Governor or Lieutenant Governor is elected and qualifies. If there is a vacancy in the office of Senate President, or if the Senate President declines to become Governor, then the Speaker of the General Assembly shall become Governor until a new Governor or Lieutenant Governor

15515-518: The officials at the hospital refused to do. The court ultimately ruled in her parents' favor. She continued to live without artificial respiration for several years afterwards. In 1988, the Court ruled in In re Baby M (537 A.2d 1227, 109 N.J. 396) that the surrogate mother of Baby M , despite previous rulings denying her custody, was entitled to visitation rights. In Desilets v. Clearview Regional Board of Education (647 A.2d. 150, 137 N.J. 585 (1994)),

15660-574: The operating budget of the richer districts. Since then there have been seven " Abbott cases", many of which ended with the court finding the New Jersey Legislature 's latest educational acts unconstitutional. In 1975 and 1983, two cases, both named Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Mount Laurel Township , were decided by the Court. The Constitution was interpreted to require that zoning authorities institute inclusionary zoning of their land to create affordable housing, that

15805-553: The parliaments of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia and thereby shape the development of federalism in Australia . The High Court is mandated by section 71 of the Constitution, which vests in it the judicial power of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Court was constituted by, and its first members were appointed under, the Judiciary Act 1903 . It now operates under sections 71 to 75 of

15950-500: The position of Attorney General. Prior to 2010, New Jersey was one of a few states in the United States that did not have a lieutenant governor to succeed to the governorship in the event of a vacancy in that office. For most of the state's (and previously the colony's) history, a vacancy in the position of governor was filled by the president of the State Senate (called the " Legislative Council " from 1776 to 1844), or during

16095-649: The power and authority to outlaw political parties, should their manifests or activism prove unconstitutional. When it comes to civil and criminal cases, the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice) is at the top of the hierarchy of courts. The other branches of the German judicial system each have their own appellate systems, each topped by a high court; these are the Bundessozialgericht (Federal Social Court) for matters of social security,

16240-457: The power of judicial review to ensure the application of the rule of law. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Republic of Ireland . It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret

16385-669: The power to interpret the Basic Law is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) in Beijing, without retroactive effect. The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ( Spanish : Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación ) is the highest court in Mexico. In the Netherlands , the Supreme Court of the Netherlands is the highest court. Its decisions, known as "arresten", are absolutely final. The court

16530-487: The previous convention of the president of the Governor's Council assuming the governorship in an acting capacity. Reading assumed the post reluctantly, after first requesting unsuccessfully that Pownall return to New Jersey to assume the office. From Ingoldesby's removal in 1710 until the tenure of Pownall, four appointed royal governors ( John Montgomerie , Sir William Cosby , Lewis Morris , and Jonathan Belcher) died in office and were replaced with acting governors from

16675-447: The primary election in June 2009, Governor Corzine signed into law A.3902, a bill from the state legislature that sought to clarify a vague passage in the state constitution concerning a gubernatorial candidate's selection of a running mate. Corzine signed the bill into law on June 25, 2009. The constitution provided that a gubernatorial candidate select a running mate within 30 days after the "nomination." Confusion arose over whether

16820-402: The principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions the doctrine of stare decisis is not generally considered to apply, so the decisions of the supreme court are not necessarily binding beyond the immediate case before it; however, in practice

16965-503: The privacy rights of the minors were paramount and were guaranteed by New Jersey's state constitution. The court's 2006 decision in Caballero v. Martinez concerned an illegal immigrant , Victor Manuel Caballero, who was injured during an accident while riding in an uninsured vehicle driven by an unlicensed person . The Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund , set up to cover injuries by uninsured drivers , refused to compensate him as he

17110-431: The provincial council. Two of these acting governors ( John Anderson and John Hamilton ) died in office, and were replaced by another acting governor drawn from the members of the provincial council.     Democrat (2)     Republican (1) Italics indicate next-in-line of succession for states and territories without a directly elected lieutenant governor or whose lieutenant governor office

17255-495: The provisions of the Constitution of Bangladesh, 1972. There are two Divisions of the Supreme Court, i.e. (a) Appellate Division and (b) High Court Division. Appellate Division is the highest Court of Appeal and usually does not exercise the powers of a court of the first instance. Whereas, the High Court Division is a Court of the first instance in writ/judicial review, company, and admiralty matters. In Hong Kong ,

17400-515: The role of acting governor without relinquishing needing to resign from state senate. Further, if the acting governorship filled by the state senate president were vacated or that person could not assume the office, the governor would be succeeded by the speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly , the state legislature's lower chamber. This order of succession was included in the first state constitution in 1776, reinstated in

17545-454: The state constitution, which provides that the lieutenant governor be appointed as a head of a cabinet-level department or administrative agency within the governor's administration, with the exception that lieutenant governor cannot be the state's attorney general. The order of succession in the event the governor's office is left vacant is specified in Article V, Section I, paragraph 6 of

17690-427: The state government and is elected concurrently on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term. The position itself does not carry any powers or duties other than to be next in the order of succession , but the state constitution requires that the lieutenant governor also be appointed to serve as the head of a cabinet-level department or administrative agency within the governor's administration, other than

17835-459: The state, Democratic governor Jon Corzine instead elevated Associate Justice James R. Zazzali , a Democrat, to the chief justice position and appointed a Republican to fill the seat Zazzali had occupied. When Zazzali reached the age of 70 less than a year later, Corzine was able to nominate a Democrat, Attorney General and former federal prosecutor Stuart Rabner , to serve as chief justice. The state Senate confirmed Rabner on June 21, 2007, and he

17980-466: The states). There are currently nine members of the US Supreme Court, however, there is no number specified in the Constitution. New members are nominated to life terms by the President of the United States and must be confirmed by the Senate . There are no specific requirements set out in the Constitution for Supreme Court nominees. Each U.S. state also has its own state supreme court ,

18125-430: The statewide primary election , the candidate for governor selects a running mate to join the ticket as the candidate for lieutenant governor. The governor and lieutenant governor must be members of the same political party. As candidates they campaign on the same ticket, are elected conjointly, and serve the same four-year term concurrently. Additional requirements are imposed by Article V, Section I, paragraph 10 of

18270-486: The subsequent 1844 constitution, and kept in the 1947 Constitution until the 2006 amendment. On several occasions in the state's history, proposals for a lieutenant governor were raised and rejected. Governor Alfred E. Driscoll backed a proposal to create the office in 1947 as the state was rewriting its constitution at a constitutional convention held at Rutgers University in New Brunswick. Driscoll's proposal

18415-468: The sudden death of Lord Lovelace on May 6, 1709. However, his authority was opposed by rival factions of the colony's proprietors who asserted that his commission was invalid. Ingoldesby further angered the colony's Quaker leaders after he retaliated against them for their opposition to raising troops from New Jersey to support a planned invasion of French colonies in Canada. His commission as governor

18560-401: The supreme court for military justice matters is the Supreme Court of Justice, which now includes four military judges. Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey The lieutenant governor of New Jersey is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of New Jersey in the United States. The lieutenant governor is the second highest-ranking official in

18705-425: The term, election, succession, salary, qualifications, and duties of the office, and for an interim succession to be employed in the event of a vacancy in the office of the governor before the election of the first lieutenant governor, be adopted? The amendment question was approved by voters by a tally of 836,134 votes (56.1%) to 655,333 (43.9%). In the interim period before the next election in 2009, any vacancy in

18850-476: The vacancy to fill the unexpired term. If a Lieutenant Governor becomes Governor, or in the event of simultaneous vacancies in the offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor, a Governor and a Lieutenant Governor shall be elected to fill the unexpired terms of both offices at the next general election, unless the assumption of the office of Governor by the Lieutenant Governor, or the vacancies, as

18995-433: The wake of the resignations of Whitman and McGreevey during so brief a period. The response of the general public and the media was that the situation of acting governors and resignations made the situation untenable and that the state needed a permanent solution such as a lieutenant governor. There were three chief arguments in favor of establishing a lieutenant governor: In 2005, the state legislature passed resolutions for

19140-489: Was appointed lieutenant governor on September 8, 2023. Prior to the creation of the modern lieutenant governor position, the only state-wide, non-federal, elected official was the governor of New Jersey . New Jersey was one of eight states without a lieutenant governor and one of four states without any other state-wide elected official (including county prosecutors). Further, the state constitution does not provide for elections for state-wide cabinet -level positions—it grants

19285-591: Was chosen by Governor Chris Christie to be his running mate on the Republican Party ticket in the 2009 election. In 2017, Democratic New Jersey Assemblywoman and former Speaker of the Assembly Sheila Oliver was elected lieutenant governor as the running mate of Phil Murphy ; she was sworn in as the state's second lieutenant governor on January 16, 2018 and served until her death on August 1, 2023. Then–Secretary of State Tahesha Way

19430-486: Was moved from July 2, 30 days after the primary election, to July 27, which is 30 days after the certification of election results. In the week before the deadline, the three candidates nominated for governor and running in the November general election selected their running mates. The incumbent, Democratic nominee Governor Jon Corzine, chose State Senator Loretta Weinberg . His Republican challenger, Chris Christie ,

19575-521: Was not a legal resident. The Court on hearing his case overruled two lower courts and declared Caballero to be entitled to compensation from the fund, stating that "a person may be a 'resident' even if the intent to remain ultimately is not realized". Previously an individual who had lived five months with relatives was not a resident with respect to the Fund. In 2006, the Court decided in Lewis v. Harris that

19720-489: Was not approved. In 1986, Governor Thomas Kean proposed the creation of the office in a move seen at the time as a political maneuver "apparently to preclude the possibility of a Democratic successor". At the time, Kean was seen as a potential candidate in the 1988 presidential or U.S. Senate candidate, and the state senate president was a Democrat. Kean's proposal was ultimately unsuccessful. New Jersey experienced two periods during which several politicians assumed

19865-639: Was offered the governorship of Pennsylvania, which was retracted after he made demands for wide-ranging powers. While in England, Pownall advised the government organized by Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle , and his close foreign affairs advisor William Pitt on the state of affairs in the colonies during the Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in North America). Because

20010-592: Was revoked in October 1709, but the news of his removal did not reach him until April 1710. The second lieutenant governor, Thomas Pownall (1722–1805), was appointed to the post in 1755 under royal governor Jonathan Belcher (1681/2 –1757). Pownall had little responsibility beyond anticipating the death of the aging governor who for most of his tenure was in declining health from a progressive paralytic disorder. Belcher lived longer than expected, and Pownall grew restless. In 1756, Pownall journeyed to England, where he

20155-475: Was slated to become the state's first lieutenant governor in its modern form. Christie and Guadagno were installed at inaugural ceremonies held on January 19, 2010. In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Guadagno was again chosen as lieutenant governor as Christie's running mate. The Christie-Guadagno ticket defeated Democratic candidates state Senator Barbara Buono (for governor) and labor union leader Milly Silva (for lieutenant governor). In 2017, after winning

20300-761: Was sworn in as chief justice eight days later. Traditionally in New Jersey, the governor re-submits for tenure the justices whose initial terms have expired, Governor Chris Christie , a Republican, elected not to renominate Justice John E. Wallace Jr. in May 2010 and instead nominated attorney Anne M. Patterson . After New Jersey Senate Majority Leader Stephen Sweeney , a Democrat, refused to consider any nominee to Wallace's seat, Christie nominated Patterson to replace Justice Rivera-Soto who announced he would step down when his term expired in September 2011. The New Jersey Senate unanimously confirmed Patterson on June 28, 2011. She

20445-504: Was sworn into a seat on the Court, replacing Rivera-Soto, on September 1, 2011. An impasse between Christie and the Democratic State Senate resulted in longstanding vacancies, and the rejection or refusal to consider several Christie nominees. On May 21, 2014, a compromise was reported under which the Governor agreed to re-appoint Chief Justice Rabner, and the Senate agreed to consider the nomination of Judge Lee Solomon,

20590-524: Was the president of the Provincial Council (also called the "Governor's Council")—the upper house of the colonial legislature. The council presidency was an honorary ceremonial post given to the council's oldest member. Richard Ingoldesby (d. 1719), a British army captain who was dispatched to New York to restore royal authority in New York after Leisler's Rebellion , was commissioned as

20735-475: Was the result of then Chief Justice David Brearley 's opinion in Holmes v. Walton (argued 1779, decided 1780). While the case was decided against the plaintiff , the court's consideration of the matter asserted its ability to determine constitutionality. This was followed by the federal Supreme Court 's case of Marbury v. Madison . In State v. Post and State v. Van Beuren 20 N.J.L. 368, decided together,

20880-512: Was unamendable, and freely intermingled the three branches of government. Under the current (1947 and amended) constitution, the highest court in the state is the Supreme Court. It does not have original jurisdiction ; instead, it hears appeals, oversees the state's court system, and regulates the legal profession within the state. Normally, an appeal from one of the trial divisions of the New Jersey Superior Court goes to

21025-513: Was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Court of Appeal of New Zealand . In some cases, an appeal may be removed directly to the Supreme Court from the High Court. For certain cases, particularly cases which commenced in the District Court, a lower court (typically the High Court or the Court of Appeal) may be the court of final jurisdiction. The Supreme Court

#88911