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69-574: Baseball Hall of Fame member Dan Brouthers managed the 1906 Newburgh Hill Climbers. Newburgh began minor league play in 1886. Newburgh fielded a team in the 1886 Hudson River League , playing under Manager Sandy McDermott . Newburgh finished with a record of 37–22, playing under manager Henry Lawson. Newburg placed second in the Hudson River League standings, finishing 7.0 games behind the first place Poughkeepsie team. The Hudson River League had no 1886 playoffs. Newburgh played again in

138-842: A 22–5 record, followed by Villazón who went 20–8. Aragón led the team in hitting with a .358 batting average , followed by Violá (.349), González (.333), and Padrón (.331). On May 11, the Cubans beat the New York Giants 5 to 1. Padrón pitched and gave up only four hits. On August 6, the Boston Braves announced that they had purchased the contracts of Padrón, Aragón, Luque, and Villazón. The Braves also exercised their option on González. The players remained with Long Branch, however, and none of them played for Boston that year. Padrón and González were released in September, while Luque

207-474: A few cases, like umpires, they wear caps without logos. (Executives are not depicted wearing caps.) Additionally, as of 2015, inductee biographies on the Hall's website for all players and managers, and executives who were associated with specific teams, list a "primary team", which does not necessarily match the cap logo. The Hall selects the logo "based on where that player makes his most indelible mark." Although

276-576: A major league team—the New York Yankees—beating them 5–0. An article in the Schenectady Gazette (July 22, 1916) said that the Cubans won seven of 14 games against major league opponents in 1915. Against Negro league baseball opponents, the Cubans were 12–12 in 1915. Romañach led the team in batting, hitting .394, while Padrón led the pitchers with a 3.00 earned run average (ERA). In 1916, Richard Henríquez removed himself from

345-415: A manager and sportswriter) had first approached the idea of making a memorial to the great players of the past in what was believed to have been the birthplace of baseball: Cooperstown, New York , but the idea did not muster much momentum until after his death in 1925. In 1934, the idea for establishing a Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum was devised by several individuals, such as Ford C. Frick (president of

414-442: A maximum of ten years of eligibility (lowered from fifteen years for the 2015 election). Under special circumstances, certain players may be deemed eligible for induction even though they have not met all requirements. Addie Joss was elected in 1978, despite only playing nine seasons before he died of meningitis. Additionally, if an otherwise eligible player dies before his fifth year of retirement, then that player may be placed on

483-569: A new, independent Atlantic League and served as its president. The Long Branch Cubans withdrew from the league in mid-May. The team continued to play exhibition games against major league teams, and also played leading Negro league baseball teams. (U.S. Negro baseball teams were not organized into formal leagues until 1920.) The team's 1915 roster was mostly familiar names: Calvo, Romañach, Violá, Padrón, Hungo, Baranda, Torres and Acosta. The team added outfielder Tomás Calvo and pitcher Gerardo Ballesteros. On June 6, Acosta pitched another shutout against

552-554: A no–hitter against the Newburgh Taylor–mades, winning 2–0. Newburgh finished with a 39–81 record under managers Charles Fisher, John Green and Fred Taylor. The Taylor-mades placed sixth and finished 35.5 games behind the first place Poughkeepsie Colts in the final league standings. There were no 1904 playoffs. In 1905, the Newburgh Taylor-mades placed fourth in the eight–team Hudson River League. Newburgh ended

621-409: A separate era of baseball. Five years after retirement, any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee (which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in the 10 years preceding the election (the latter requirement

690-681: A series of renovations in spring 2005. The Hall of Fame also presents an annual exhibit at FanFest at the Major League Baseball All-Star Game . Among baseball fans, "Hall of Fame" means not only the museum and facility in Cooperstown, New York, but the pantheon of players, managers , umpires , executives, and pioneers who have been inducted into the Hall. The first five men elected were Ty Cobb , Babe Ruth , Honus Wagner , Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson , chosen in 1936; roughly 20 more were selected before

759-470: A special election at the 1939 Winter Meetings in Cincinnati, specifically to elect Gehrig (most likely because it was known that he was terminally ill , making it uncertain that he would live long enough to see another election). Nobody else was on that ballot, and the numerical results have never been made public. Since no elections were held in 1940 or 1941, the special election permitted Gehrig to enter

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828-542: Is listed as the Angels despite playing one fewer season for that team than for the Astros. In 2001, the Hall of Fame decided to change the policy on cap logo selection, as a result of rumors that some teams were offering compensation, such as number retirement, money, or organizational jobs, in exchange for the cap designation. (For example, though Wade Boggs denied the claims, some media reports had said that his contract with

897-525: Is located at 401 Washington Street in Newburgh, New York. Newburgh Dutchmen players Newburgh Hill Climbers players Newburgh Hillclimbers players Newburgh Taylor-mades players Baseball Hall of Fame The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is a history museum and hall of fame in Cooperstown, New York , operated by private interests. It serves as the central point of

966-403: The 2009 election process ; the main committee did not select a player, while the panel for pre–World War II players elected Joe Gordon in its first and ultimately only vote. The main committee voted as part of the election process for inductions in odd-numbered years, while the pre-World War II panel would vote every five years, and the panel for umpires, managers, and executives voted as part of

1035-657: The Cincinnati Reds when he was their manager in the 1980s. (Baseball's Rule 21, prominently posted in every clubhouse locker room, mandates permanent banishment from MLB for having a gambling interest of any sort on a game in which a player or manager is directly involved.) Rose later admitted that he bet on the Reds in his 2004 autobiography . Baseball fans are deeply split on the issue of whether these two should remain banned or have their punishment revoked. Writer Bill James , though he advocates Rose eventually making it into

1104-640: The National League ) and Alexander Cleland, a Scottish immigrant who decided to serve as the first executive secretary for the Museum for the next seven years that worked with the interests of the Village and Major League Baseball . Stephen Carlton Clark (a Cooperstown native) paid for the construction of the museum, which was planned to open in 1939 to mark the "Centennial of Baseball", which included renovations to Doubleday Field. William Beattie served as

1173-583: The Negro leagues have also been considered at various times, beginning in 1971. In 2005, the Hall completed a study on African American players between the late 19th century and the integration of the major leagues in 1947, and conducted a special election for such players in February 2006; seventeen figures from the Negro leagues were chosen in that election, in addition to the eighteen previously selected. Following

1242-464: The Newark Cubans /Long Branch Cubans (59–32), Middletown Middies (47–45), Danbury Hatters (49–48), Perth Amboy Pacers (44–49), Newburgh Hill Climbers (40–48), Paterson Silk Citys (32–54) and Bloomfield-Long Branch Cubans / Asbury Park Sea Urchins (30–59) in the final standings. The league had no playoff system and folded after the 1914 season. Newburgh was without a minor league team until

1311-629: The Singer Sewing Machine fortune. Clark sought to bring tourists to the village hurt by the Great Depression , which reduced the local tourist trade, and Prohibition , which devastated the local hops industry. Clark constructed the Hall of Fame's building, which was dedicated on June 12, 1939. (His granddaughter, Jane Forbes Clark , is the current chairman of the board of directors.) The erroneous claim that Civil War hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown

1380-480: The Tampa Bay Devil Rays required him to request depiction in the Hall of Fame as a Devil Ray.) The Hall decided that it would no longer defer to the inductee, though the player's wishes would be considered, when deciding on the logo to appear on the plaque. Newly elected members affected by the change include the following: Sam Crane (who had played a decade in 19th century baseball before becoming

1449-665: The United States House of Representatives by Rep. Richard Hanna , a Republican from New York, and passed the House on October 26, 2011. The coins, which depict baseball gloves and balls, are the first concave designs produced by the Mint. The mintage included 50,000 gold coins, 400,000 silver coins, and 750,000 clad (nickel-copper) coins. The Mint released them on March 27, 2014, and the gold and silver editions quickly sold out. The Hall receives money from surcharges included in

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1518-598: The history of baseball in the United States and displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits, honoring those who have excelled in playing , managing , and serving the sport. The Hall's motto is "Preserving History, Honoring Excellence, Connecting Generations". Cooperstown is often used as shorthand (or a metonym ) for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. The Hall of Fame was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark , an heir to

1587-757: The major leagues . The Cubans played in Long Branch, New Jersey from 1913 to 1915, except for the first half of the 1914 season, when they played in Newark, New Jersey . In 1916, they started the season playing in Jersey City, New Jersey as the "Jersey City Cubans." Later that summer, they moved their home games to Poughkeepsie, New York , where they were usually referred to as the "Long Branch Cubans." In late July 1916 they briefly moved to Harlem and finally to Madison, New Jersey in August. From 1913 to 1914,

1656-467: The "Atlantic League" at the same meeting. Returning players in 1914 included Henríquez, Violá, Padrón, and Aragón. Henríquez recruited several new players from Cuba: In early July, the Cubans moved from Newark back to Long Branch, where they finished the season. On July 19, Acosta pitched a 3–0 shutout against St. Louis Browns . Several newspapers reported that the game was a no-hitter, though one paper reported that he allowed two hits. The Cubans led

1725-488: The 1888 Hudson River League. The Hudson River League stopped play on June 6, 1888, with rosters and standings unknown. In 1903, the Newburgh "Taylor-mades" became members of the Class C level Hudson River League, which reformed after a fifteen–year absence. On March 25, 1903, and on April 1, 1903, meetings were held which resulted in forming the six–team Hudson River League for the 1903 season. The Peekskill Highlanders joined

1794-453: The 1905 regular season with a record of 60–54, playing under returning manager Fred Taylor and Henry Ramsey. The Taylor-mades finished 6.0 games behind the champion Hudson Mariners in the final standings. The Newburgh Hill Climbers continued play in the 1906 Hudson River League. Newburgh ended the season in fifth place with a 43–45 record, led by managers Dan Brouthers , Fred Ochs, Billy Taylor and Fred McGratty. On September 9, 1906, Newburgh

1863-524: The 1913 standings. The Dutchmen finished with a record of 41–54, playing under manager Archie Marshall, finishing 24.5 games behind the first place Long Branch Cubans . Long Branch (65–29) was followed by the Poughkeepsie Honey Bugs (48–49), Kingston Colonials (45–46), Middletown Middies (42–51), Danbury Hatters (43–55) and Newburgh Dutchmen (41–54) in the final league standings. The 1914 Newburgh Hillclimbers continued league play in

1932-408: The 1914 pennant race until late in the season, but Poughkeepsie passed them and won the title. Long Branch finished with a 59–31 record, three games behind Poughkeepsie. Aragón led the league with a .443 batting average. Among the pitchers, Padrón went 14–5, Acosta went 13–5, Muñoz went 10–6, and Baranda went 6–4. The Atlantic League folded after the 1914 season. Carlos Henríquez led the creation of

2001-560: The 1915–16 independent teams as part of Negro league baseball . Sunday baseball was not yet legal under blue laws in New York City, so major league teams often traveled to the seaside resort community of Long Branch to play Sunday games against the Cubans. According to research by David Skinner, the Cubans' record in these games was 10–24. Brothers Carlos and Richard ( Ricardo ) Henríquez were born in Colombia and immigrated to

2070-497: The 1946 Newburgh Hummingbirds played a partial season as members of the Class D level North Atlantic League . In the seasons between 1903 and 1913, Newburgh minor league teams hosted minor league home games at West End Park . In 1914, the Newburgh Hillclimbers reportedly played home games at Driving Park . Today, the site is still hosts baseball, with the ballpark known as Delano-Hitch Stadium . The ballpark

2139-489: The 1990s. The Hall of Fame includes one female member, Effa Manley . The newest members of the Hall of Fame, inducted on July 21, 2024 , are Adrián Beltré , Todd Helton , Jim Leyland , and Joe Mauer . In 2019, former Yankees closer Mariano Rivera became the first player to be elected unanimously. Derek Jeter , Marvin Miller , Ted Simmons , and Larry Walker were to be inducted in 2020, but their induction ceremony

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2208-406: The 2010 changes, Negro leagues figures were primarily considered for induction alongside other figures from the 1871–1946 era, called the "Pre-Integration Era" by the Hall; since 2016, Negro leagues figures are primarily considered alongside other figures from what the Hall calls the "Early Baseball" era (1871–1949). Predictably, the selection process catalyzes endless debate among baseball fans over

2277-544: The Commissioner's Office made reparations, but the negative publicity damaged the Hall of Fame's reputation, and made it more difficult for it to solicit donations. In 2012, Congress passed and President Barack Obama signed a law ordering the United States Mint to produce and sell commemorative, non-circulating coins to benefit the private, non-profit Hall. The bill, H.R. 2527 , was introduced in

2346-564: The Cubans played minor league baseball in the Class D New York–New Jersey League , which in 1914 was renamed as the Atlantic League . In accordance with organized baseball's practice of racial segregation , all of the team's players were white. The league folded at the end of the 1914 season, and from 1915 to 1916, the Cubans played independent baseball outside of the organized minor leagues. The 1915 and 1916 teams competed during part of

2415-413: The Hall always made the final decision on which logo was shown, until 2001 the Hall deferred to the wishes of players or managers whose careers were linked with multiple teams. Some examples of inductees associated with multiple teams are the following: In all of the above cases, the "primary team" is the team for which the inductee spent the largest portion of his career except for Ryan, whose primary team

2484-570: The Hall had been sold on the collectibles market. The items had been lent to the Baseball Commissioner 's office, gotten mixed up with other property owned by the Commissioner's office and employees of the office, and moved to the garage of Joe Reichler , an assistant to Commissioner Bowie Kuhn , who sold the items to resolve his personal financial difficulties. Under pressure from the New York Attorney General,

2553-487: The Hall of Fame, compared the people who want to put Jackson in the Hall of Fame to "those women who show up at murder trials wanting to marry the cute murderer ". The actions and composition of the Veterans Committee have been at times controversial, with occasional selections of contemporaries and teammates of the committee members over seemingly more worthy candidates. In 2001, the Veterans Committee

2622-606: The Hall while still alive. If a player fails to be elected by the BBWAA within 10 years of his eligibility for election, he may be selected by the Veterans Committee. Following changes to the election process for that body made in 2010 and 2016, the Veterans Committee is now responsible for electing all otherwise eligible candidates who are not eligible for the BBWAA ballot — both long-retired players and non-playing personnel (managers, umpires, and executives). From 2011 to 2016, each candidate could be considered once every three years; now,

2691-567: The Hall, and voted on a reduced number of candidates from among players whose careers began in 1943 or later. Separate committees, including sportswriters and broadcasters, would select umpires, managers and executives, as well as players from earlier eras. In the first election to be held under the 2007 revisions, two managers and three executives were elected in December 2007 as part of the 2008 election process . The next Veterans Committee elections for players were held in December 2008 as part of

2760-464: The Kingston and Paterson franchises fold in early June. The Newburg Hillies were managed by Jim Connor and had a 15–11 record, and stood 1.5 games behind the first place Poughkeepsie Colts when the league folded. Newburgh returned to play in 1913 and finished last in the league standings. The Newburgh Dutchmen became members of the six–team Class D level New York-New Jersey League , placing sixth in

2829-542: The New Jersey-New York League. Carlos Henríquez was the club president and the league vice-president. His brother Richard was the playing manager . The team was composed of white players, most of them Cubans with professional playing experience in the Cuban League : The 1913 Long Branch Cubans went 65–29 and won the pennant by 18 + 1 ⁄ 2 games. Luque led the league in pitching with

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2898-542: The United States with their family as children, settling in New York City. In 1911 and 1912, Richard managed and played for an independent baseball team in the New Jersey resort town of Long Branch. In 1912, the team recruited several Cuban players, including Dolf Luque, pitcher , Mike González, catcher , and Tomás Romañach , shortstop . In 1913, the Long Branch Cubans joined a new Class D minor league,

2967-416: The ballot at the first election at least six months after his death. Roberto Clemente set the precedent: the writers put him up for consideration after his death on New Year's Eve, 1972, and he was inducted in 1973. The five-year waiting period was established in 1954 after an evolutionary process. In 1936 all players were eligible, including active ones. From the 1937 election until the 1945 election, there

3036-500: The election process for inductions in even-numbered years. Further changes to the Veterans Committee process were announced by the Hall in July 2010, July 2016, and April 2022. Per the latest changes, announced on April 22, 2022, the multiple eras previously utilized were collapsed to three, to be voted on in an annual rotation (one per year): A one-year waiting period beyond potential BBWAA eligibility (which had been abolished in 2016)

3105-525: The entire group was inducted at the Hall's 1939 opening. As of January 2024 , 346 people had been elected to the Hall of Fame, including 274 former professional players, 23 managers, 10 umpires, and 39 pioneers, executives, and organizers. 118 members of the Hall of Fame have been inducted posthumously, including four who died after their selection was announced. Of the 39 members primarily recognized for their contributions to Negro league baseball , 31 were inducted posthumously, including all 26 selected since

3174-403: The first curator of the museum. According to the Hall of Fame, approximately 260,000 visitors enter the museum each year, and the running total has surpassed 17 million. These visitors see only a fraction of its 40,000 artifacts, 3 million library items (such as newspaper clippings and photos) and 140,000 baseball cards. The Hall has seen a noticeable decrease in attendance since

3243-450: The frequency depends on the era in which an individual made his greatest contributions. A more complete discussion of the new process is available below . From 2008 to 2010, following changes made by the Hall in July 2007, the main Veterans Committee, then made up of living Hall of Famers, voted only on players whose careers began in 1943 or later. These changes also established three separate committees to select other figures: Players of

3312-420: The game. — Ogden Nash , Sport magazine (January 1949) Contrary to popular belief, no formal exception was made for Lou Gehrig (other than to hold a special one-man election for him): there was no waiting period at that time, and Gehrig met all other qualifications, so he would have been eligible for the next regular election after he retired during the 1939 season. However, the BBWAA decided to hold

3381-439: The hope of heightening the value of their own selection. After no one was selected for the third consecutive election in 2007, Hall of Famer Mike Schmidt noted, "The same thing happens every year. The current members want to preserve the prestige as much as possible, and are unwilling to open the doors." In 2007, the committee and its selection processes were again reorganized; the main committee then included all living members of

3450-415: The league as a seventh team during the season. The Taylor–mades ended the 1903 season with a record of 37–54, placing sixth in the overall standings. Charles Fisher served as manager, as Newburg finished 25.0 games behind the first place Kingston Colonials . The 1904 Newburgh Taylor-mades placed last in Class C level Hudson River League. On September 4, 1904, Poughkeepsie Colts pitcher Jimmy Dygert threw

3519-446: The level of Jackson or Rose. Jackson and Rose were both banned from MLB for life for actions related to gambling on their own teams—Jackson was determined to have cooperated with those who conspired to intentionally lose the 1919 World Series , and for accepting payment for losing, and Rose voluntarily accepted a permanent spot on the ineligible list in return for MLB's promise to make no official finding in relation to alleged betting on

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3588-729: The lineup and became a full-time manager. Mike Herrera joined the team at second base, and Hungo moved over to first. Herrera, age 23, had first played in the Cuban League in 1911/12 and would continue playing there until 1929/30. In the United States, he would play in both the Negro National League in 1920–1921 and 1928, and for the Boston Red Sox in the American League in 1925–1926. Ramón González, age 21, took over at third base, as Padrón moved to

3657-710: The merits of various candidates. Even players elected years ago remain the subjects of discussions as to whether they deserved election. For example, Bill James ' 1994 book Whatever Happened to the Hall of Fame? goes into detail about who he believes does and does not belong in the Hall of Fame. The selection rules for the Baseball Hall of Fame were modified to prevent the induction of anyone on Baseball's "permanently ineligible" list, such as Pete Rose or "Shoeless Joe" Jackson . Many others have been barred from participation in MLB, but none have Hall of Fame qualifications on

3726-422: The mid-1990s, dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration, even by the Veterans Committee. A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, they may be considered by the Veterans Committee. Players receiving 5% or more of the votes but fewer than 75% are reconsidered annually until

3795-476: The mid-2010s. A 2013 story on ESPN.com about the village of Cooperstown and its relation to the game partially linked the reduced attendance with Cooperstown Dreams Park, a youth baseball complex about 5 miles (8.0 km) away in the town of Hartwick . The 22 fields at Dreams Park currently draw 17,000 players each summer for a week of intensive play; while the complex includes housing for the players, their parents and grandparents must stay elsewhere. According to

3864-536: The outfield to replace Tomás Calvo. Muñoz returned as pitcher to replace Acosta. The team began the year playing in Jersey City, then rejoined the independent Atlantic League, representing Poughkeepsie. In late July, they moved temporarily to Harlem, then in August moved to Madison, which they represented in the Tri-County League, a short-season, independent league in New Jersey. They played poorly in

3933-488: The renamed eight–team Class D level Atlantic League , which had been called the New York–New Jersey League a year earlier. Playing under managers Andrew Marshall and Todd Waterman, Newburgh finished with a 40–48 record, to place sixth in the Class D level Atlantic League final standings, finishing 21.0 games behind the first place Poughkeepsie Honey Bugs. Poughkeepsie finished with a record of 65–31, followed by

4002-509: The sale price: a total of $ 9.5 million if all the coins are sold. Bloomfield-Long Branch Cubans The Long Branch Cubans (also known as the Newark Cubans and the Jersey City Cubans ) were a professional baseball team that played from 1913 to 1916. It was the first U.S. minor league baseball team composed almost entirely of Cubans . Several players, including Dolf Luque and Mike González , went on to play in

4071-526: The season in a new, independent Atlantic League, representing Long Branch in 1915 and Poughkeepsie in 1916. When they played in Madison in August 1916, they were competing in the Tri-County League, a short-season, independent professional league that featured both all-white and all-black teams. Because they frequently played against Negro league teams and some of the players may have been multiracial, baseball historians and statistical databases have classified

4140-534: The story, Prior to Dreams Park, a room might be filled for a week by several sets of tourists. Now, that room will be taken by just one family for the week, and that family may only go into Cooperstown and the Hall of Fame once. While there are other contributing factors (the recession and high gas prices among them), the Hall's attendance has tumbled since Dreams Park opened. The Hall drew 383,000 visitors in 1999. It drew 262,000 last year. A controversy erupted in 1982, when it emerged that some historic items given to

4209-500: Was 16.0 games behind the first place Paterson Invaders when the Hudson River League ceased play for the season. Brouthers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame . The six–team Class C level Hudson River League resumed play to begin the 1907 season. The Newburgh Hillies were in second place on June 18, 1907, when the Hudson River League permanently folded. The Hudson River league was down to four remaining teams, after having

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4278-463: Was added for the 2016 election). From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players; until the late 1950s, voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates. Any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections. In some instances, the screening committee had restored their names to later ballots, but in

4347-597: Was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic until September 8, 2021. The ceremony was open to the public, as COVID restrictions had been lifted. Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA), or the Veterans Committee , which now consists of four subcommittees, each of which considers and votes for candidates from

4416-453: Was in effect. (DiMaggio, for example, retired after the 1951 season and was first eligible in the 1953 election.) The modern rule establishing a wait of five years was passed in 1954, although those who had already been eligible under the old rule were grandfathered into the ballot, thus permitting Joe DiMaggio to be elected within four years of his retirement. Z is for Zenith The summit of fame. These men are up there. These men are

4485-528: Was instrumental in the early marketing of the Hall. An expanded library and research facility opened in 1994. Dale Petroskey became the organization's president in 1999. In 2002, the Hall launched Baseball as America , a traveling exhibit that toured ten American museums over six years. The Hall of Fame has since also sponsored educational programming on the Internet to bring the Hall of Fame to schoolchildren who might not visit. The Hall and Museum completed

4554-422: Was no waiting period, so any retired player was eligible, but writers were discouraged from voting for current major leaguers. Since there was no formal rule preventing a writer from casting a ballot for an active player, the scribes did not always comply with the informal guideline; Joe DiMaggio received a vote in 1945, for example. From the 1946 election until the 1954 election, an official one-year waiting period

4623-486: Was reformed to comprise the living Hall of Fame members and other honorees. The revamped Committee held three elections, in 2003 and 2007 , for both players and non-players, and in 2005 for players only. No individual was elected in that time, sparking criticism among some observers who expressed doubt whether the new Veterans Committee would ever elect a player. The Committee members, most of whom were Hall members, were accused of being reluctant to elect new candidates in

4692-418: Was reintroduced, thus restricting the committee to considering players retired for at least 16 seasons. The eligibility criteria for Era Committee consideration differ between players, managers, and executives. While the text on a player's or manager's plaque lists all teams for which the inductee was a member in that specific role, inductees are usually depicted wearing the cap of a specific team, though in

4761-607: Was retained and played briefly for the Braves in 1914. Despite the team's success in 1913, the weekday attendance figure were considered to be disappointing. In March 1914, the Cubans received approval to move to Newark, with an agreement that the Cubans would not play while the Newark Indians of the International League were playing at home. The league, which had expanded to eight teams, changed its name to

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