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62-474: In the 2013 New Zealand census , 1,113 people affiliated with Ngāi Takoto, less than 1 percent of the total Māori population. 18.3 percent identified solely with the iwi and 81.5 percent also affiliated with other iwi. 33.2 percent of people could hold a conversation about everyday things in te reo Māori (the Māori language). The median age was 28.5 years, compared to the national median of 38.0. The median adult income

124-526: A magnitude 6.0 aftershock . In 2013, it was announced that the tower and ball would be restored, and that funds were to be sought from the community to rebuild the rest of the station. The restoration was completed in 2018 with the site being reopened in November. Landslides occurred in Sumner , crushing buildings. Parts of Sumner were evacuated during the night of 22 February after cracks were noticed on

186-545: A residential red zone . Buildings in Lyttelton sustained widespread damage, with a fire officer reporting that 60% of the buildings in the main street had been severely damaged. Two people died on local walking tracks after being hit by rockfalls. The town's historic Timeball Station was extensively damaged, adding to damage from the preceding earthquake in September 2010 . The station collapsed on 13 June 2011 after

248-442: A 30-metre (98 ft) extension and refit prior to the 2011 Rugby World Cup. With extra passenger and freight movements over Cook Strait following the earthquake, the company would have been unable to cope with just two ships operating on a reduced schedule so soon after the earthquake, so pushed back the departure to the end of April. The earthquake combined with the urgency created by the unseasonably early break-up of sea ice on

310-616: A 500-year event. Initial reports by GNS Science suggested that ground motion "considerably exceeded even 2500-year design motions", beyond maximum considered events (MCE). By comparison, the 2010 quake—in which damage was predominantly to pre-1970s buildings—exerted 65% of the design loading on buildings. The acceleration experienced in February 2011 would "totally flatten" most world cities, causing massive loss of life; in Christchurch, New Zealand's stringent building codes limited

372-399: A PGA greater than many modern buildings were designed to withstand. Although the rupture was subsurface , satellite images indicated that the net displacement of the land south of the fault was 50 cm westwards and upwards; the land movement would have been greater during the earthquake. Land movement was varied around the area horizontally—in both east and west directions—and vertically;

434-541: A household with access to a motor vehicle. That compares with 90.9% of Māori as a whole and 91.9% of the iwi in the previous Census in 2006. Te Reo Irirangi o Te Hiku o Te Ika , an iwi radio station, serves Ngāi Takoto and other Muriwhenua tribes of the Far North. It broadcasts a main station on 97.1 FM , an urban contemporary station Sunshine FM on 104.3 FM and a youth-oriented station Tai FM. 2013 New Zealand census The 2013 New Zealand census

496-472: A listed heritage building, was undergoing repairs after the September 2010 earthquake damage when the February 2011 earthquake damaged the building further. It was deemed unstable and demolished in April 2011. St Elmo Courts had been damaged in the September 2010 earthquake and the owner intended to repair the building, but further damage caused by the February 2011 event resulted in a decision to demolish, which

558-665: A nearby hillside. Three deaths were reported in the Sumner area, according to the Sumner Chief Fire Officer. The Shag Rock , a notable landmark, was reduced to half of its former height. In contrast to the September 2010 earthquake, Redcliffs and the surrounding hills suffered severe damage. The cliff behind Redcliffs School collapsed onto the houses below. Large boulders were found on the lawns of damaged houses. Twelve streets in Redcliffs were evacuated on

620-502: A two-block radius around the hotel was thus evacuated. The building was eventually stabilised and, on 4 March it was decided the building would be demolished over the following six months, so that further work could be done with the buildings nearby. Demolition was completed in May 2012. The 21-storey PricewaterhouseCoopers building, the city's tallest office tower, was among the office buildings to be later demolished. The Carlton Hotel ,

682-464: A vertical direction, with eyewitness accounts of people being tossed into the air. The maximum Modified Mercalli intensity was assigned XI ( Extreme ). The upwards (positive acceleration) was greater than the downwards, which had a maximum recording of 0.9 g ; the maximum recorded horizontal acceleration was 1.7 g . The force of the earthquake was "statistically unlikely" to occur more than once in 1000 years, according to one seismic engineer, with

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744-431: Is a list of all aftershocks of Richter, moment, and body-wave magnitudes 5.0 and above that occurred in the region between 22 February 2011 and 15 January 2012. Road and bridge damage occurred and hampered rescue efforts. Soil liquefaction and surface flooding also occurred. Road surfaces were forced up by liquefaction, and water and sand were spewing out of cracks. A number of cars were crushed by falling debris. In

806-700: The Canterbury region in the South Island , centred 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) south-east of the central business district. It caused widespread damage across Christchurch, killing 185 people in New Zealand's fifth-deadliest disaster . Scientists classified it as an intraplate earthquake and potentially an aftershock of the 2010 Canterbury earthquake from six months earlier. Christchurch's central city and eastern suburbs were badly affected, with damage to buildings and infrastructure already weakened by

868-539: The Ross Ice Shelf caused logistical problems with the return of Antarctic summer season research operations from Scott Base and McMurdo Station in Antarctica to Christchurch. 185 people from more than 20 countries died in the earthquake. Over half of the deaths occurred in the six-storey Canterbury Television (CTV) Building , which collapsed and caught fire in the earthquake. A state of local emergency

930-631: The TranzAlpine service was terminating at Greymouth and the TranzCoastal terminating at Picton . The TranzAlpine was cancelled until 4 March, to allow for personnel resources to be transferred to repairing track and related infrastructure, and moving essential freight into Christchurch, while the TranzCoastal was cancelled until mid-August. KiwiRail also delayed 14 March departure of its Interislander ferry Aratere to Singapore for

992-475: The rose window – pushing it in. The Anglican Church decided to demolish the building and replace it with a new structure, but various groups opposed the church's intentions, with actions including taking a case to court . While the judgements were mostly in favour of the church, no further demolition occurred after the removal of the tower in early 2012. Government expressed its concern over the stalemate and appointed an independent negotiator and in September 2017,

1054-556: The 2010 Canterbury earthquake and its aftershocks. Significant liquefaction affected the eastern suburbs, producing around 400,000 tonnes of silt . The earthquake was felt across the South Island and parts of the lower and central North Island. While the initial quake only lasted for approximately 10 seconds, the damage was severe because of the location and shallowness of the earthquake's focus in relation to Christchurch as well as previous quake damage. Subsequent population loss saw

1116-409: The 7.1-magnitude 4 September 2010 Canterbury earthquake . New Zealand's GNS Science has stated that the earthquake was part of the aftershock sequence that has been occurring since the September magnitude-7.1 quake, however a seismologist from Geoscience Australia considers it a separate event given its location on a separate fault system. Although smaller in magnitude than the 2010 earthquake,

1178-635: The Beckenham Baptist Church were heavily damaged, and then demolished days after the earthquake. Concrete block construction fared badly, leaving many modern iconic buildings damaged. On 7 March, Prime Minister John Key said that around 10,000 houses would need to be demolished, and liquefaction damage meant that some parts of Christchurch could not be rebuilt on. Several areas in and around Christchurch were deemed infeasible to rebuild due to earthquake damage resulting from soil liquefaction and rockslides . These areas were placed into

1240-587: The Christchurch Diocesan Synod announced that ChristChurch Cathedral will be reinstated after promises of extra grants and loans from local and central government. By mid-2019 early design and stabilisation work had begun. Since 15 August 2013 the cathedral congregation has worshipped at the Cardboard Cathedral . Christchurch Hospital was partly evacuated due to damage in some areas, but remained open throughout to treat

1302-586: The Christchurch main urban area fall behind the Wellington equivalent, to decrease from second- to third-most populous area in New Zealand. Adjusted for inflation, the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes caused over $ 44.8 billion in damages, making it New Zealand's costliest natural disaster and the 21st-most-expensive disaster in history . The 2011 Christchurch Earthquake was a 6.3-magnitude intraplate earthquake . It may have been an aftershock of

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1364-765: The City Art Gallery and the regional Canterbury CDEM Group Emergency Coordination Centre (ECC) activated in its post-earthquake operational facility adjacent to the Canterbury Regional Council offices. Within two hours of the quake national co-ordination was operating from the National Crisis Management Centre located in the basement of the Beehive in Wellington. A composite "Christchurch Response Centre"

1426-553: The Director of the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management John Hamilton as National Controller . CDEM were supported by local authorities, New Zealand Police, Fire Service, Defence Force and many other agencies and organisations. Gerry Brownlee , a Cabinet Minister , had his regular portfolios distributed amongst other cabinet ministers so that he could focus solely on earthquake recovery. A Central City Red Zone

1488-493: The February earthquake was more damaging and deadly for a number of reasons. The epicentre was closer to Christchurch, and shallower at 5 kilometres (3 mi) underground, whereas the September quake was measured at 10 kilometres (6 mi) deep. The February earthquake occurred during lunchtime on a weekday when the CBD was busy, and many buildings were already weakened from the previous quakes. The peak ground acceleration (PGA)

1550-540: The Korowai for Enhanced Conservation organisation. Under the settlement, the Crown and the iwi agreed to work together on a social development strategy. The following marae (meeting places) and wharenui (meeting houses) are affiliated with the iwi as a whole: Te Runanga o Ngāi Takoto is the iwi's post-Treaty settlement governance entity and is the iwi authority under planning law. It has five representatives chosen from

1612-739: The Ngāi Takoto marae committee, and is based in Kaitaia . Ngā Taonga o Ngaitakoto Trust is the mandated iwi fisheries organisation. It was set up under the Māori Fisheries Act to manage the iwi's customary fisheries rights, has 11 trustees from iwi whānui, and is based in Awanui . The iwi has interests in the territory of Far North District Council . It therefore has interests in the territory of Northland Regional Council . As of 2013, 51.3% of iwi members lived in urban areas, compared to 65.6% of

1674-491: The Port Hills were raised by 40 cm. The earthquake was a " strike-slip event with oblique motion" which caused mostly horizontal movement with some vertical movement, with reverse thrust causing upwards vertical movement. The vertical acceleration was far greater than the horizontal acceleration. The current New Zealand building code requires a building with a 50-year design life to withstand predicted loads of

1736-453: The September 2010 event was 1.26 g , recorded near Darfield. The PGA is also one of the greatest-ever ground accelerations recorded in the world, and was unusually high for a 6.2 quake, and the highest in a vertical direction. The central business district (CBD) experienced PGAs in the range of 0.574 and 0.802 g . As a comparison, the 7.0 M w 2010 Haiti earthquake had an estimated PGA of 0.5 g . The acceleration occurred mainly in

1798-456: The affected areas. They also provided forensic analysis and evidence gathering at fatalities and Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) teams, working closely with pathologists, forensic dentists and scientists, and the coroner at the emergency mortuary established at Burnham Military Camp . They were aided by DVI teams from Australia, UK, Thailand Taiwan and Israel. The New Zealand Fire Service coordinated search and rescue, with support from

1860-411: The bounds of the four avenues since the September 2010 earthquakes. The six-storey Canterbury Television (CTV) building collapsed in the earthquake, leaving only its lift shaft standing, which caught fire. 115 people died in the building, which housed a TV station, a medical clinic and an English language school. On 23 February police decided that the damage was not survivable, and rescue efforts at

1922-582: The building was cleared with no victims discovered. The earthquake destroyed the ChristChurch Cathedral 's spire and part of its tower, and severely damaged the structure of the remaining building. The remainder of the tower was demolished in April 2012. The west wall suffered collapses in the June 2011 earthquake and the December 2011 quake due to a steel structure – intended to stabilise

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1984-615: The building were suspended. Fire-fighting and recovery operations resumed that night, later joined by a Japanese search and rescue squad. Twelve Japanese students from the Toyama College of Foreign Languages died in the building collapse. A government report later found that the building's construction was faulty and should not have been approved. The five-storey PGC Building (Pyne Gould Corporation House) on Cambridge Terrace, headquarters of Pyne Gould Corporation , collapsed, with 18 casualties. On Wednesday morning, 22 hours after

2046-439: The buildings that collapsed were known to have been appreciably damaged in the September 2010 earthquake but the local authority had permitted the building to be re-occupied (CTV and PGC buildings) or protective barriers adjacent to them moved closer to areas at risk of falling debris (Colombo Street). An additional 28 people were killed in various places across the city centre, and twelve were killed in suburban Christchurch. Due to

2108-431: The census usually resident population count. The census usually resident population count of 4,242,048 included 230,649 people without an ethnic response and 4,011,399 people who identified with at least one ethnicity. The figures for the total ethnicity of the population. The number of people living in New Zealand who were born overseas continued to climb. In 2013, 1,001,787 people (25.2 percent) were born overseas. For

2170-487: The central city, two buses were crushed by falling buildings. Because the earthquake hit during the lunch hour, some people on the footpaths were buried by collapsed buildings. Damage occurred to many older buildings, particularly those with unreinforced masonry and those built before stringent earthquake codes were introduced. On 28 February 2011, the Prime Minister announced that there would be an inquiry into

2232-526: The collapse of buildings that had been signed off as safe after the previous earthquake on 4 September 2010, "to provide answers to people about why so many people lost their lives." Of the 3,000 buildings inspected within the four avenues which bound the central business district by 3 March 2011, 45% had been given red or yellow stickers to restrict access because of the safety problems. Many heritage buildings were given red stickers after inspections. As of February 2015, there had been 1240 demolitions within

2294-516: The country, along with a 323-strong contingent of Australian Police, who were sworn in as New Zealand Police on their arrival, bringing the total number of officers in the city to 1200. Many of them received standing ovations from appreciative locals as they walked through Christchurch Airport upon arrival. Alongside regular duties, the police provided security cordons, organised evacuations, supported search and rescue teams, missing persons and family liaison, and organised media briefings and tours of

2356-491: The disaster. It is also possible that "seismic lensing" contributed to the ground effect, with the seismic waves rebounding off the hard basalt of the Port Hills back into the city. Geologists reported liquefaction was worse than the 2010 earthquake. The earthquake generated a significant series of its own aftershocks . More than 361 aftershocks occurred in the first week following the magnitude 6.3 earthquake. Below

2418-560: The earthquake, 80% of Christchurch was without power. Water and wastewater services were disrupted throughout the city, with authorities urging residents to conserve water and collect rainwater. Prime Minister John Key confirmed that, "All Civil Defence procedures have now been activated; the Civil Defence bunker at parliament is in operation here in Wellington ." On 23 February the Minister of Civil Defence, John Carter declared

2480-598: The greatest ever recorded anywhere in a modern city". 80% of the water and sewerage system was severely damaged. The earthquake also caused an increased spring activity in the Avon and Heathcote Rivers . GNS Science stated that the earthquake arose from the rupture of an 8 km x 8 km fault running east-northeast at a depth of 1–2 km beneath the southern edge of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and dipping southwards at an angle of about 65 degrees from

2542-495: The highest recording 2.2 g , at Heathcote Valley Primary School, a shaking intensity equivalent to MMI X+ . Subsequent analysis revised the Heathcote Valley Primary School acceleration down to 1.37 g , with the 1.89 g reading at Pages Road Pumping Station in Christchurch revised down to 1.51 g . Nevertheless, these were the highest PGAs ever recorded in New Zealand; the highest reading during

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2604-490: The horizontal beneath the Port Hills." While both the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes occurred on "blind" or unknown faults, New Zealand's Earthquake Commission had, in a 1991 report, predicted moderate earthquakes in Canterbury with the likelihood of associated liquefaction. Initial measurement of peak ground acceleration (PGA) in central Christchurch exceeded 1.8 g (i.e. 1.8 times the acceleration of gravity ), with

2666-411: The injured. On 23 February, Hotel Grand Chancellor , Christchurch's tallest hotel, was reported to be on the verge of collapse. The 26-storey building was displaced by half a metre in the quake and had dropped by 1 metre on one side; parts of the emergency stairwells collapsed. The building was thought to be irreparably damaged and have the potential to bring down other buildings if it fell; an area of

2728-438: The injuries sustained some bodies remained unidentified. Between 6,600 and 6,800 people were treated for minor injuries, and Christchurch Hospital alone treated 220 major trauma cases connected to the quake. Rescue efforts continued for over a week, then shifted into recovery mode. The last survivor was pulled from the rubble the day after the quake. The nationalities of the deceased are as follows. Immediately following

2790-513: The night of 24 February 2011 after some cliffs and hills surrounding Redcliffs were deemed unstable. Redcliffs Primary School, then located at 140 Main Road, right under the cliffs, was moved to Van Asch Deaf Education Centre, 4.5 km from the main site soon afterwards. After 9 years, the school was moved to Redcliffs Park, reopening in July 2020. The cost of the rebuild was $ 16 million. The quake

2852-866: The offices and ECC. Once the composite Christchurch Coordination Centre was established on 23 February the CDEM Group Controllers and ECC personnel relocated to the City Art Gallery to supplement the management personnel available to the National Controller. As per the protocols of New Zealand's Coordinated Incident Management System , the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act, and the National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan and Guide, Civil Defence Emergency Management became lead agency—with

2914-622: The overseas-born census "usually resident population": Proportion of overseas-born population The table below is based on religious affiliation data recorded at the last three censuses for usually resident people. Figures and percentages may not add to 100 percent as people can state more than one religion. 2011 Christchurch earthquake A major earthquake occurred in Christchurch on Tuesday 22 February 2011 at 12:51 p.m. local time (23:51 UTC , 21 February). The M w 6.2 ( M L 6.3) earthquake struck

2976-507: The population was male and 55.3% was female. As of the same date, 74.1% of iwi members held a formal qualification, up from 71.7% in 2006, and compared to 68.7 in 2013 for Māori overall. Women were more likely than men to have a formal qualification, with 78.5% women being qualified compared to 67.7% of men. The unemployment rate was 12.2% for women, 12.2% for men and 27.0% for people aged 15 to 24 years old. 30.2 percent of women and 15.4 percent of men worked part time. The most common job for men

3038-411: The quake, a survivor was pulled from the rubble. The reinforced concrete building had been constructed in 1963–1964. The Forsyth Barr Building survived the earthquake but many occupants were trapped after the collapse of the stairwells, forcing some to abseil out after the quake. Search of the building was technically difficult for USAR teams, requiring the deconstruction of 4-tonne stair sets, but

3100-526: The situation a state of national emergency , only the second time that New Zealand had declared a national civil defence emergency; the first occasion was the 1951 waterfront dispute . The New Zealand Red Cross launched an appeal to raise funds to help victims. A full response management structure was put in place within minutes of the quake, with the Christchurch City Council's alternate Emergency Operations Centre re-established in

3162-629: The total Māori population. 94.3% of iwi members lived in the North Island and 5.9% or 66 people lived in the South Island. Most members lived in the Northland Region (44.5%), the Auckland Region (33.2%) and Waikato Region (5.4%). 30.5% were under the age of 15 years, compared with 33.1% of the total population of Māori descent. 22.1% were aged 15–29 years, 41.0% were aged 30 to 64 years, and 6.7& were aged 65 and over. 45.0% of

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3224-597: Was $ 23,800, compared to the national median of $ 28,500. The unemployment rate was 12.8%, compared to 7.1% nationwide. The iwi signed a Treaty of Waitangi settlement with the Crown in 2012, after being with almost no land following colonisation. The settlement included commercial redress of $ 21.04 million, and the return of Wharemaru East Beach and other culturally important sites. The iwi agreed to co-govern Ninety Mile Beach with Northland Regional Council , Far North District Council and other Te Hiku iwi, and to be involved in conservation decisions about public lands through

3286-502: Was conducted in March 2018 . The results from the post-enumeration survey showed that the 2013 census recorded 97.6 percent of the residents in New Zealand on census night. However, the overall response rate was 92.9 percent, with a non-response rate of 7.1 percent made up of the net undercount and people who were counted in the census but had not received a form. Population counts for New Zealand regions . Note: All figures are for

3348-721: Was demolished. Both Our City and the Civic are on the register of Heritage New Zealand . The Catholic Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament was also severely damaged, with the towers falling. A decision was made to remove the dome because the supporting structure was weakened. Several other churches were seriously damaged, including: Knox Presbyterian Church, St Luke's Anglican Church , Durham Street Methodist Church , St Paul's-Trinity-Pacific Presbyterian Church , Oxford Terrace Baptist Church , Holy Trinity Avonside and Holy Trinity, Lyttelton. Sydenham Heritage Church and

3410-481: Was done the following month. The historic Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings were severely damaged, with the Stone Chamber completely collapsing. The second civic office building of Christchurch City Council, Our City , had already been damaged in the September earthquake and was heavily braced following the February event. The Civic , the council's third home, was heavily damaged in February and

3472-740: Was established in the Christchurch Art Gallery , a modern earthquake-resilient building in the centre of the city which had sustained only minor damage. Meanwhile, the Canterbury CDEM Group ECC had relocated to the fully operational University of Canterbury Innovation (UCi3) building to the West of the city, when the Copthorne Hotel adjacent to the Regional Council offices threatened to fall onto

3534-559: Was established on the day of the earthquake as a public exclusion zone in central Christchurch. Both COGIC, French Civil Protection and the American USGS requested the activation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters on the behalf of MCDEM New Zealand, thus readily providing satellite imagery for aid and rescue services. Christchurch Police were supplemented by staff and resources from around

3596-434: Was extremely high, and simultaneous vertical and horizontal ground movement was "almost impossible" for buildings to survive intact. Liquefaction was significantly greater than that of the 2010 quake, causing the upwelling of more than 200,000 tonnes of silt which needed to be cleared. The increased liquefaction caused significant ground movement, undermining many foundations and destroying infrastructure, damage which "may be

3658-467: Was felt as far north as Tauranga and as far south as Invercargill , where the 111 emergency network was rendered out of service. At the Tasman Glacier some 200 kilometres (120 miles) from the epicentre, around 30 million tonnes (33 million ST) of ice tumbled off the glacier into Tasman Lake , hitting tour boats with tsunami waves 3.5 metres (11 ft) high. KiwiRail reported that

3720-652: Was initially declared by the Mayor of Christchurch, which was superseded when the government declared a state of national emergency , which stayed in force until 30 April 2011. Of the 185 victims, 115 people died in the CTV Building alone, while another 18 died in the collapse of the PGC Building , and eight were killed when masonry fell on Red Bus number 702 in Colombo Street . In each of these cases

3782-460: Was labourer, and the most common job for women was labourer. The median income was $ 27,500 for men and $ 22,400 for women. The 2013 Census found 74.6% of the iwi lived in homes with Internet access, 88.6% lived in homes with access to mobile phones, and 1.4% lived in homes with no access to phones, cellphones, fax machines or the Internet. The Census also found 94.1% of the population were living in

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3844-451: Was the thirty-third national census . "The National Census Day" used for the census was on Tuesday, 5 March 2013. The population of New Zealand was counted as 4,242,048 – an increase of 214,101 or 5.3% over the 2006 census. The 2013 census forms were the same as those developed for the 2011 census which was cancelled due to the February 2011 major earthquake in Christchurch . There were no new topics or questions. New Zealand's next census

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