40-663: The Niiname-sai (新嘗祭, also read Shinjō-sai and Niiname-no-Matsuri ) is a Japanese harvest ritual . The ritual is celebrated by the Emperor of Japan , who thanks the Shinto deities for a prosperous year and prays for a fruitful new year. It takes place near the Three Palace Sanctuaries in the Tokyo Imperial Palace and at several large Shinto shrines . The first Niiname-sai for a new emperor
80-475: A "small cape" ( Latin : cappella ). The beggar, the stories claim, was Christ in disguise, and Martin experienced a conversion of heart, becoming first a monk, then abbot, then bishop. This cape came into the possession of the Frankish kings, and they kept the relic with them as they did battle. The tent which kept the cape was called the capella and the priests who said daily Mass in the tent were known as
120-553: A building. Most larger churches had one or more secondary altars which, if they occupied a distinct space, would often be called a chapel. In Russian Orthodox tradition, the chapels were built underneath city gates, where most people could visit them; a famous example is the Iberian Chapel . Although chapels frequently refer to Christian places of worship, they are also found in Jewish synagogues and do not necessarily denote
160-496: A diminutive of cappa , meaning "little cape") is a Christian place of prayer and worship that is usually relatively small. The term has several meanings. First, smaller spaces inside a church that have their own altar are often called chapels; the Lady chapel is a common type of these. Second, a chapel is a place of worship, sometimes interfaith , that is part of a building, complex, or vessel with some other main purpose, such as
200-425: A feeling that it was bad luck to be the person to cut the last stand of corn. The farmer and his workers would race against the harvesters on other farms to be first to complete the harvest, shouting to announce they had finished. In some counties, the last stand of corn would be cut by the workers throwing their sickles at it until it was all down, in others the reapers would take it in turns to be blindfolded and sweep
240-558: A harvest festival and thanksgiving, marking the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the harvest. It is a time of gratitude and celebration within the community. Harvest festivals in Asia include the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋節), one of the most widely spread harvest festivals in the world. In Iran Mehrgan was celebrated in an extravagant style at Persepolis. Not only was it the time for harvest, but it
280-515: A larger church are holy areas set aside for some specific use or purpose: for instance, many cathedrals and large churches have a " Lady chapel " in the apse, dedicated to the Virgin Mary ; parish churches may have such a Lady chapel in a side aisle or a "chapel of Reservation" or " Blessed Sacrament chapel" where the consecrated bread of the Eucharist is kept in reserve between services, for
320-554: A new emperor is called the Daijō-sai (大嘗祭, also read Ōname-Matsuri and Ōnie-no-Matsuri ). Book 19 of the Man'yōshū includes six poems (numbered 4273 to 4278) composed on the 25th day of the eleventh month of 752, the " Niiname-kai poems". The " nyūnami " is alluded to in one of the azuma-uta (songs of eastern Japan) included in Book 14. Harvest festival A harvest festival
360-410: A parish church. This may be a private chapel, for the use of one person or a select group (a bishop's private chapel, or the chapel of a convent, for instance); a semi-public oratory, which is partially available to the general public (a seminary chapel that welcomes visitors to services, for instance); or a public oratory (for instance, a hospital or university chapel). Chapels that are built as part of
400-403: A scene which demonstrates several of these features. There is a character personifying harvest who comes on stage attended by men dressed as reapers; he refers to himself as their "master" and ends the scene by begging the audience for a "largesse". The scene is inspired by contemporary harvest celebrations, and singing and drinking feature largely. The stage instruction reads: "Enter Harvest with
440-439: A school, college, hospital, palace or large aristocratic house, castle, barracks , prison , funeral home , hotel, airport, or a military or commercial ship. Third, chapels are small places of worship, built as satellite sites by a church or monastery, for example in remote areas; these are often called a chapel of ease . A feature of all these types is that often no clergy were permanently resident or specifically attached to
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#1732772419928480-609: A scythe on his neck, and all his reapers with sickles, and a great black bowl with a posset in it borne before him: they come in singing." The song which follows may be an actual harvest song or a creation of the author's intended to represent a typical harvest song of the time: Merry, merry, merry, cheery, cheery, cheery, Trowel the black bowl to me; Hey derry, derry, with a pop and a lorry, I'll throw it again to thee; Hooky, hooky, we have shorn, And we have bound, And we have brought Harvest Townhome. The shout of "hooky, hooky" appears to be one traditionally associated with
520-771: A scythe to and fro until all of the Mell was cut down. Some churches and villages still have a Harvest Supper. The modern British tradition of celebrating the Harvest Festival in churches began in 1843, when the Reverend Robert Hawker invited parishioners to a special thanksgiving service at his church at Morwenstow in Cornwall . Victorian hymns such as Come, ye thankful people, come and All things bright and beautiful but also Dutch and German harvest hymns in translation (for example, We plough
560-479: A specific denomination. In England—where the Church of England is established by law— interdenominational or interfaith chapels in such institutions may be consecrated by the local Anglican bishop. Chapels that are not affiliated with a particular denomination are commonly encountered as part of a non-religious institution such as a hospital, airport, university or prison. Many military installations have chapels for
600-421: A struggle. Development and Relief organizations often produce resources for use in churches at harvest time which promote their own concerns for those in need across the globe. In the early days, there were ceremonies and rituals at the beginning as well as at the end of the harvest. Encyclopædia Britannica traces the origins to "the animistic belief in the corn [grain] spirit or corn mother." In some regions
640-696: Is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the main harvest of a given region. Given the differences in climate and crops around the world, harvest festivals can be found at various times at different places. Harvest festivals typically feature feasting, both family and public, with foods that are drawn from crops. In Britain , thanks have been given for successful harvests since pagan times . Harvest festivals are held in September or October depending on local tradition. The modern Harvest Festival celebrations include singing hymns , praying , and decorating churches with baskets of fruit and food in
680-750: Is known as the Daijō-sai (大嘗祭), and is part of his enthronement ceremonies . In pre-modern Japan, the date of the Niiname-sai was moveable, taking place on the last Day of the Rabbit of the eleventh month of the old Japanese lunar calendar, but in the Meiji period the date was fixed at November 23 , and this date became a national holiday, Labor Thanksgiving Day , in the Shōwa period after World War II. The Engishiki specified imperial involvement with four festivals,
720-490: Is sometimes used as an adjective in England and Wales to describe members of such churches: for example in the sentence, "I'm Chapel." While the word chapel is not exclusively limited to Christian terminology, it is most often found in that context. Nonetheless, the word's meaning can vary by denomination, and non-denominational chapels (sometimes called "meditation rooms") can be found in many hospitals, airports, and even
760-484: Is spelled variously) became the accepted name of the actual festival itself: "Hockey is brought Home with hallowing Boys with plum-cake The Cart following". Another widespread tradition was the distribution of a special cake to the celebrating farmworkers. A prose work of 1613 refers to the practice as predating the Reformation. Describing the character of a typical farmer, it says: "Rocke Munday..Christmas Eve,
800-617: The Kinen-sai , the two Ōharae-shikis and Niiname-no-Matsuri for tribute. In ancient times, people held domestic rites called Kinen-sai in the February or April and Niiname-sai in November. During these rites, people worshiped their ancestors, the god of food, and the hearth deity. They believed the spirits of their ancestors ( Oyagami ) came to them through the rice. During the Niiname-sai, an ancient Shinto ritual that says thanks for
840-749: The United Nations headquarters . Chapels can also be found for worship in Judaism . "Chapel" is in particularly common usage in the United Kingdom , and especially in Wales , for Nonconformist places of worship; and in Scotland and Ireland for Roman Catholic churches. In England and Wales, due to the rise in Nonconformist chapels during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, by
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#1732772419928880-641: The capellani . From these words, via Old French , we get the names "chapel" and "chaplain". The word also appears in the Irish language (Gaelic) in the Middle Ages , as Welsh people came with the Norman and Old English invaders to the island of Ireland. While the traditional Irish word for church was eaglais (derived from ecclesia ), a new word, séipéal (from cappella ), came into usage. In British history, "chapel" or " meeting house " were formerly
920-419: The 20th century, most farmers celebrated the end of the harvest with a big meal called the harvest supper, to which all who had helped in the harvest were invited. It was sometimes known as a "Mell-supper", after the last patch of corn or wheat standing in the fields which were known as the "Mell" or "Neck". Cutting it signified the end of the work of harvest and the beginning of the feast. There seems to have been
960-541: The beginning of the harvest season on 1 August and was called Lammas , meaning 'loaf Mass'. The Latin prayer to hallow the bread is given in the Durham Ritual. Farmers made loaves of bread from the fresh wheat crop. These were given to the local church as the Communion bread during a special service thanking God for the harvest. By the sixteenth century, several customs seem to have been firmly established around
1000-477: The chapel. For historical reasons, chapel is also often the term used by independent or nonconformist denominations for their places of worship in England and especially in Wales, even where they are large and in practice they operate as a parish church . The earliest Christian places of worship are now often referred to as chapels, as they were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within
1040-525: The crops of the previous year and prays for fruitfulness in the following year, the Emperor of Japan says thanks to his gods for the fall harvest. It is held in the Imperial Palace , as well as other shrines including Ise Grand Shrine and Izumo Shrine . Traditionally, it was held on the last Day of the Rabbit in the eleventh month of the old lunar calendar . Since the Meiji era the date has been fixed on November 23 , which corresponds to
1080-467: The custom as an organized part of the Church of England calendar was Rev Piers Claughton at Elton, Huntingdonshire in or about 1854. As British people have come to rely less heavily on home-grown produce, there has been a shift in emphasis in many Harvest Festival celebrations. Increasingly, churches have linked Harvest with an awareness of and concern for people in the developing world for whom growing crops of sufficient quality and quantity remains
1120-439: The farmers believed that a spirit resided in the last sheaf of grain to be harvested. To chase out the spirit, they beat the grain to the ground. Elsewhere they wove some blades of the cereal into a "corn dolly" that they kept safe for "luck" until seed-sowing the following year. Then they plowed the ears of grain back into the soil in hopes that this would bless the new crop. Chapel A chapel (from Latin : cappella ,
1160-518: The festival known as Harvest Festival, Harvest Home, Harvest Thanksgiving or Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving. In British and English-Caribbean churches, chapels and schools, and some Canadian churches, people bring in produce from the garden, the allotment or farm. The food is often distributed among the poor and senior citizens of the local community or used to raise funds for the church, or charity. Oromos in Ethiopia also celebrate Irreecha ,
1200-523: The fields and scatter ) helped popularise his idea of a harvest festival, and spread the annual custom of decorating churches with home-grown produce for the Harvest Festival service. On 8 September 1854 the Revd Dr William Beal , Rector of Brooke, Norfolk , held a Harvest Festival aimed at ending what he saw as disgraceful scenes at the end of harvest, and went on to promote 'harvest homes' in other Norfolk villages. Another early adopter of
1240-573: The gathering of the final harvest. They include the reapers accompanying a fully laden cart; a tradition of shouting "Hooky, hooky"; and one of the foremost reapers dressing extravagantly, acting as 'lord' of the harvest and asking for money from the onlookers. A play by Thomas Nashe , Summer's Last Will and Testament , (first published in London in 1600 but believed from internal evidence to have been first performed in October 1592 at Croydon ) contains
Niiname-no-Matsuri - Misplaced Pages Continue
1280-513: The harvest celebration. The last verse is repeated in full after the character Harvest remarks to the audience "Is your throat clear to help us sing hooky, hooky ?" and a stage direction adds, "Heere they all sing after him". Also, in 1555 in Archbishop Parker 's translation of Psalm 126 occur the lines: "He home returnes: wyth hocky cry, With sheaues full lade abundantly." In some parts of England "Hockey" or " Horkey " (the word
1320-544: The hoky, or seed cake, these he yearly keeps, yet holds them no relics of popery." Early English settlers took the idea of harvest thanksgiving to North America. The most famous one is the harvest Thanksgiving held by the Pilgrims in 1621. Nowadays the festival is held at the end of harvest, which varies in different parts of Britain. Sometimes neighboring churches will set the Harvest Festival on different Sundays so that people can attend each other's thanksgiving. Until
1360-410: The modern public holiday Labor Thanksgiving Day , which was introduced in 1948. As a kigo , the name of the ritual is associated with winter . Niiname-sai is the common name of the festival, but the same kanji can also be read Jinshō-sai or Niiname-no-Matsuri . Niiname can also be read Niinae , Niinai , Niwanai , Niwanami or Nyūnami . The first Niiname-sai following the accession of
1400-465: The standard designations for church buildings belonging to independent or Nonconformist religious societies and their members. They were particularly associated with the pre-eminence of independent religious practice in rural parts of England and Wales, the northern industrial towns of the late 18th and 19th centuries, and centres of population close to but outside the City of London . As a result, "chapel"
1440-425: The stress of life, without other people moving around them. The word chapel , like the associated word chaplain , is ultimately derived from Latin . More specifically, the word is derived from a relic of Saint Martin of Tours : traditional stories about Martin relate that while he was still a soldier, he cut his military cloak in half to give part to a beggar in need. The other half he wore over his shoulders as
1480-508: The time of the 1851 census , more people attended the independent chapels than attended the state religion's Anglican churches. (The Anglican Church does not function as the established church in Scotland.) In Roman Catholic Church canon law, a chapel, technically called an " oratory ", is a building or part thereof dedicated to the celebration of services, particularly the Mass, which is not
1520-418: The use of military personnel, normally under the leadership of a military chaplain . The earliest Christian places of worship were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within a building, such as a room in an individual's home. Here, one or two people could pray without being part of a communion or congregation. People who like to use chapels may find it peaceful and relaxing to be away from
1560-535: The week-long harvest festival of Sukkot in the autumn. Observant Jews build a temporary hut or shack called a sukkah , and spend the week living, eating, sleeping, and praying inside it. It is reminiscent of the tabernacles Israelite farmers would live in during the harvest, at the end of which they would bring a portion of the harvest to the Temple in Jerusalem . An early harvest festival used to be celebrated at
1600-700: Was also the time when the taxes were collected. Visitors from different parts of the Persian Empire brought gifts for the king, all contributing to a lively festival. In India, Makar Sankranti , Thai Pongal , Uttarayana , Lohri , and Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu in January, Holi in February–March, Vaisakhi in April and Onam in August–September are a few important harvest festivals. Jews celebrate
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