56-541: The Three Palace Sanctuaries ( 宮中三殿 , Kyūchū sanden ) are a group of structures in the precincts of the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Japan . They are used in imperial religious ceremonies, including weddings and enthronements . The three sanctuaries are: 35°40′54″N 139°44′59″E / 35.68167°N 139.74972°E / 35.68167; 139.74972 This article relating to Shinto
112-524: A "marine ri". A fourth and shorter ri of about 600 m is still evident in some beach names. The "99-Ri" beach at Kujukuri is about 60 km. The "7-Ri" beach at Shichiri is 4.2 km long. The traditional units are still used for construction materials in Japan. For example, plywood is usually manufactured in 182 cm × 91 cm (about 72 in × 36 in ) sheets known in the trade as saburokuhan ( 3 × 6版 ) , or 3 × 6 shaku . Each sheet
168-404: A British system; for sizes of magnetic tape and many pieces of computer hardware; for photograph sizes; and for the sizes of electronic displays for electronic devices. Photographic prints, however, are usually rounded to the nearest millimetre and screens are not described in terms of inches but "type" ( 型 , gata ). For instance, a television whose screen has a 17-inch diagonal is described as
224-572: A dormitory for imperial princesses, however this building was removed prior to the construction of the present gardens. Other buildings such as stables and housing were removed to create the East Garden in its present configuration. Construction work began in 1961 with a new pond in the Ninomaru, as well as the repair and restoration of various keeps and structures from the Edo period. On 30 May 1963,
280-416: A person for a single year, it was used to compute agricultural output and official salaries. The koku of rice was sometimes reckoned as 3000 "sacks". By the 1940s the shipping koku was 1 ⁄ 10 of the shipping ton of 40 or 42 cu ft (i.e., 110–120 L); the koku of timber was about 10 cu ft (280 L); and the koku of fish, like many modern bushels ,
336-512: A plastic pole as weapons when faced by staff and local police officers. A similar incident took place in 2013, in which two drunken tourists decided to try to sneak into the palace building after removing their clothing and entering the water near Sakurada Gate . The Imperial Palace ( 宮殿 , Kyūden ) and the headquarters of the Imperial Household Agency are located in the former Nishinomaru enceinte ( West Citadel ) of
392-681: A public awareness campaign and seeking to accomplish as much of the conversion ahead of schedule as possible. Its first success was the conversion of candy sales in Tokyo department stores from the momme to the gram in September 1956; others followed, with NHK taking the lead in media use. With the majority of the public now exposed to it since childhood, the metric system became the sole legal measurement system in most fields of Japanese life on 1 January 1959. Redrafting of laws to use metric equivalents had already been accomplished, but conversion of
448-554: A short speech greeting and thanking the visitors and wishing them good health and blessings. Parts of the Fukiage garden are sometimes open to the general public. The old Honmaru , Ninomaru , and Sannomaru compounds now comprise the East Gardens, an area with public access containing administrative and other public buildings. The Kitanomaru Park is located to the north and is the former northern enceinte of Edo Castle. It
504-402: A time in the early 20th century, the traditional, metric, and English systems were all legal in Japan. Although commerce has since been legally restricted to using the metric system, the old system is still used in some instances. The old measures are common in carpentry and agriculture , with tools such as chisels , spatels, saws, and hammers manufactured in sun and bu sizes. Floorspace
560-596: A total area of 1,254 m (13,500 sq ft). The hall is octagon-shaped and each of its eight outer walls is decorated with differently designed mosaic tiles. Construction began in August 1964 and was completed in February 1966. Symbolic trees representing each prefecture in Japan are planted in the northwestern corner of Ninomaru enceinte. Such trees have been donated from each prefecture and there are total of 260, covering 30 varieties. The small Ninomaru Garden at
616-489: Is a public park and is the site of the Nippon Budokan . To the south is Kokyo Gaien National Garden . Though much of the site is off limits to the public, there have been multiple instances of tourists attempting to trespass on the palace grounds by swimming in the moat. In 2008, a British tourist stripped naked, repeatedly dove into and swam across the moat in an attempt to avoid being arrested, and used stones and
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#1732765310360672-589: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tokyo Imperial Palace The Tokyo Imperial Palace ( 皇居 , Kōkyo , literally 'Imperial Residence') is the main residence of the Emperor of Japan . It is a large park -like area located in the Chiyoda district of the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo and contains several buildings including the Fukiage Palace ( 吹上御所 , Fukiage gosho ) where
728-563: Is about the size of one tatami mat. The thicknesses of the sheets, however, are usually measured in millimetres. The names of these units also live in the name of the bamboo flute shakuhachi ( 尺八 ) , literally "shaku eight", which measures one shaku and eight sun , and the Japanese version of the Tom Thumb story, Issun Bōshi ( 一寸法師 ) , literally "one sun boy", as well as in many Japanese proverbs . The base unit of Japanese area
784-442: Is expressed in terms of tatami mats , and land is sold on the basis of price in tsubo . Sake is sold in multiples of 1 gō , with the most common bottle sizes being 4 (720 mL) or 10 (1.8 L, isshōbin ). Customary Japanese units are a local adaption of the traditional Chinese system , which was adopted at a very early date. They were imposed and adjusted at various times by local and imperial statutes. The details of
840-522: Is now much longer than the Chinese or Korean li , comprising 36 chō , 2160 ken , or 12,960 shaku . A still longer unit was formerly standard in Ise on Honshu and throughout the 9 provinces of Kyushu , which comprised 50 chō , 3000 ken , or 18,000 shaku . The imperial nautical mile of 6080 feet (1853.19 m) was also formerly used by the Japanese in maritime contexts as
896-558: Is the tsubo , equivalent to a square ken or 36 square shaku . It is twice the size of the jō , the area of the Nagoya tatami mat. Both units are used informally in discussing real estate floorspace . Due to historical connections , the tsubo is still used as the official base unit of area in Taiwan . In agricultural contexts, the tsubo is known as the bu . The larger units remain in common use by Japanese farmers when discussing
952-467: Is typically abbreviated as mo . The Japanese form of the Chinese tael was the ryō ( 両 ). It was customarily reckoned as around 4 or 10 momme but, because of its importance as a fundamental unit of the silver and gold bullion used as currency in medieval Japan, it varied over time and location from those notional values. Imperial units are sometimes used in Japan. Feet and inches are used for most non-sport bicycles, whose tyre sizes follow
1008-678: The Akasaka Palace after the Meiji restoration, but was reconstructed in its original location in 1912. It was moved to its present location during the construction of the East Garden. The Kitanomaru Park is located to the north and is the former northern enceinte of Edo Castle. It is a public park and is the site of Nippon Budokan Hall . This garden contains a bronze monument to Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa ( 北白川宮能久親王 , Kitashirakawa-no-miya Yoshihisa-shinnō ) . The Kokyo Gaien National Garden consists of outer gardens that ring
1064-525: The Fukiage Palace ( 吹上御所 , Fukiage gosho ) , the official residence of the Emperor and empress, is located in the Fukiage Garden. Designed by Japanese architect Shōzō Uchii the modern residence was completed in 1993. The residence is currently in use by Emperor Naruhito. Except for the Imperial Household Agency and the East Gardens, the main grounds of the palace are generally closed to
1120-580: The Imperial Regalia of Japan are kept here and the sanctuary plays a religious role in imperial enthronements and weddings. The East Gardens is where most of the administrative buildings for the palace are located and encompasses the former Honmaru and Ninomaru areas of Edo Castle, a total of 210,000 m (2,300,000 sq ft). Located on the grounds of the East Gardens is the Imperial Tokagakudo Music Hall,
1176-475: The gallon and cloth by the yard. The Diet revisited the nation's measurements and, with the occupation's approval, promulgated a Measurements Law in June 1951 that reaffirmed its intention to continue Japan's metrication, effective on the first day of 1959. An unofficial and ad hoc Metric System Promotion Committee was established by interested scholars, public servants, and businessmen in August 1955, undertaking
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#17327653103601232-428: The land registries required until 31 March 1966 to complete. Industry transitioned gradually at its own expense, with compliance sometimes being nominal, as in the case of 1 ⁄ 4 - inch (6.35 mm ) screws becoming " 1 ⁄ 4 screws". Since the original fines for noncompliance were around $ 140 and governmental agencies mostly preferred to wait for voluntary conversion, metric use by December 1959
1288-472: The national census as late as 2005, although the practice was discontinued in 2010. English units continue to be employed in aviation, munitions , and various sports, including golf and baseball . The base unit of Japanese length is the shaku based upon the Chinese chi , with other units derived from it and changing over time based on its dimensions. The chi was originally a span taken from
1344-521: The surrender of Japan at an underground air-raid shelter on the palace grounds referred to as His Majesty's Library ( 御文庫附属室 , Obunko Fuzokushitsu ) . Due to the large-scale destruction of the Meiji-era palace, a new main palace hall ( 宮殿 , Kyūden ) and residences were constructed on the western portion of the site in 1964–1968, designed by architect Junzō Yoshimura . The area was renamed Imperial Residence ( 皇居 , Kōkyo ) in 1948, while
1400-691: The Edo Castle. The main buildings of the palace grounds, including the Kyūden ( 宮殿 ) main palace, home of the liaison conference of the Imperial General Headquarters , were severely damaged by the fire of May 1945. Today's palace consists of multiple modern structures that are interconnected. The palace complex was finished in 1968 and was constructed of steel-framed reinforced concrete structures produced domestically, with two stories above ground and one story below. The buildings of
1456-546: The Emperor has his living quarters, the main palace ( 宮殿 , Kyūden ) where various ceremonies and receptions take place, some residences of the Imperial Family , an archive, museums and administrative offices. The 1.15-square-kilometer (0.44 sq mi) palace grounds and gardens are built on the site of the old Edo Castle . After the capitulation of the shogunate and the Meiji Restoration ,
1512-731: The Imperial Palace were constructed by the Takenaka Corporation in a modernist style with clear Japanese architectural references such as the large, gabled hipped roof, columns and beams. The complex consists of six wings, including: Halls include the Minami-Damari , Nami-no-Ma , multiple corridors, Kita-Damari , Shakkyō-no-Ma , Shunju-no-Ma , Seiden-Sugitoe (Kaede) , Seiden-Sugitoe (Sakura) , Take-no-Ma , Ume-no-Ma and Matsu-no-Ma . Famous Nihonga artists such as Maeda Seison were commissioned to paint
1568-456: The Imperial Palace. It contain bronze monuments to Kusunoki Masashige ( 楠木正成 ) and to Wake no Kiyomaro ( 和気清麻呂 ) . Japanese units of measurement Traditional Japanese units of measurement or the shakkanhō ( 尺貫法 ) is the traditional system of measurement used by the people of the Japanese archipelago . It is largely based on the Chinese system , which spread to Japan and
1624-428: The Meiji era were constructed of wood. Their design employed traditional Japanese architecture in their exterior appearance while the interiors were an eclectic mixture of fashionable Japanese and European elements. The ceilings of the grand chambers were coffered with Japanese elements; however, Western chairs, tables and heavy curtains furnished the spaces. The floors of the public rooms had parquets or carpets, while
1680-832: The Music Department of the Board of Ceremonies of the Imperial Household, the Archives and Mausolea Department Imperial Household Agency, structures for the guards such as the Saineikan dojo , and the Museum of the Imperial Collections . Several structures that were added since the Meiji period were removed over time to allow construction of the East Garden. In 1932, the kuretake-ryō was built as
1736-567: The area was declared by the Japanese government a "Special Historic Relic" under the Cultural Properties Protection Law. The Tōkagakudō ( 桃華楽堂 , Peach Blossom Music Hall) is located to the east of the former main donjon of Edo Castle in the Honmaru. Designed by Kenji Imai , this music hall was built in commemoration of the 60th birthday of Empress Kōjun on 6 March 1963. The ferro-concrete building covers
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1792-563: The artworks. The Kyūden is used for both receiving state guests and holding official state ceremonies and functions. The Matsu-no-Ma ( Pine Chamber ) is the throne room. The Emperor gives audiences to the Prime Minister in this room, as well as appointing or dismissing ambassadors and Ministers of State . It is also the room where the Prime Minister and Chief Justice is appointed to office. The Fukiage Garden has carried
1848-422: The eastern part was renamed East Garden ( 東御苑 , Higashi-Gyoen ) and became a public park in 1968. Interior images of the Meiji-era palace The present Imperial Palace encompasses the retrenchments of the former Edo Castle. The modern Kyūden ( 宮殿 ) designed for various imperial court functions and receptions is located in the old Nishinomaru section of the palace grounds. On a much more modest scale,
1904-609: The end of the thumb to the tip of an outstretched middle finger, but which gradually increased in length to about 1 ⁄ 3 metre (33 cm ), just a few centimetres longer than the size of a foot . As in China and Korea, Japan employed different shaku for different purposes. The "carpentry" shaku ( 曲尺 , kanejaku ) was used for construction. It was a little longer in the 19th century prior to its metric redefinition. The "cloth" or "whale" shaku ( 鯨尺 , kujirajaku ), named for tailors' and fabric merchants' baleen rulers,
1960-408: The foot of the castle hill was originally planted in 1636 by Kobori Enshu , a famed landscape artist and garden designer, but it was destroyed by fire in 1867. The current layout was created in 1968, based on a plan drawn up during the reign of ninth shogun, Tokugawa Ieshige . The Suwa no Chaya ( 諏訪の茶屋 ) is a teahouse that was located in the Fukiage Garden during the Edo period. It moved to
2016-429: The government pushed the deadline for the conversion of the first group of industries to 1939; the rest of the country was given until 1954. Emboldened, the nationalists succeeded in having an Investigating Committee for Weights and Measures Systems established. In 1938, it advised that the government should continue to employ the "Shaku–Kan" system alongside the metric one. The next year, the imperial ordinance concerning
2072-610: The inhabitants, including the Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu , were required to vacate the premises of the Edo Castle . Leaving the Kyoto Imperial Palace on 26 November 1868, the Emperor arrived at the Edo Castle, made it to his new residence and renamed it to Tōkei Castle ( 東京城 , Tōkei-jō ) . At this time, Tōkyō had also been called Tōkei. He left for Kyōto again, and after coming back on 9 May 1869, it
2128-414: The name since the Edo period and is used as the residential area for the Imperial Family . The Fukiage Palace ( 吹上御所 , Fukiage gosho ) , achieved in 1993, was used as the primary residence of Akihito from December 8, 1993, to March 2020. After a period of refurbishment, Naruhito , Masako and Aiko moved in in September 2021. The Fukiage Ōmiya Palace ( 吹上大宮御所 , Fukiage Ōmiya-gosho ) in
2184-584: The night of 25 May 1945, most structures of the Imperial Palace were destroyed in the Allied firebombing raid on Tokyo . According to the US bomber pilot Richard Lineberger, Emperor's Palace was the target of their special mission on July 29, 1945, and was hit with 2000-pound bombs. In August 1945, in the closing days of the Pacific War, Emperor Hirohito met with his Privy Council and made decisions culminating in
2240-605: The northern section was originally the residence of Emperor Showa and Empress Kōjun and was called the Fukiage Palace . After the Emperor's death in 1989, the palace was renamed the Fukiage Ōmiya Palace and was the residence of the Empress Dowager until her death in 2000. It is currently not in use. The palace precincts include the Three Palace Sanctuaries ( 宮中三殿 , Kyūchū-sanden ) . Parts of
2296-552: The others from them. The law codified the values of the traditional and metric units in terms of one another, but retained the traditional units as the formal standard and metric values as secondary. In 1909, English units were also made legal within the Empire of Japan . Following World War I , the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce established a Committee for Weights and Measures and Industrial Standards, part of whose remit
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2352-582: The public, except for reserved guided tours from Tuesdays to Saturdays (which access only the Kyūden Totei Plaza in front of the Chowaden). Each New Year (January 2) and Emperor's Birthday (February 23), the public is permitted to enter through the Nakamon (inner gate) where they gather in the Kyūden Totei Plaza. The Imperial Family appears on the balcony before the crowd and the Emperor normally gives
2408-419: The residential spaces used traditional tatami mats. The main audience hall was the central part of the palace. It was the largest building in the compound. Guests were received there for public events. The floor space was more than 223 tsubo or approximately 737.25 m (7,935.7 sq ft). In the interior, the coffered ceiling was traditional Japanese-style, while the floor was parquetry. The roof
2464-551: The rest of the Sinosphere in antiquity. It has remained mostly unaltered since the adoption of the measures of the Tang dynasty in 701. Following the 1868 Meiji Restoration , Imperial Japan adopted the metric system and defined the traditional units in metric terms on the basis of a prototype metre and kilogram . The present values of most Korean and Taiwanese units of measurement derive from these values as well. For
2520-428: The sizes of fields. The base unit of Japanese volume is the shō , although the gō now sees more use since it is reckoned as the appropriate size of a serving of rice or sake . Sake and shochu are both commonly sold in large 1800 mL bottles known as isshōbin ( 一升瓶 ) , literally "one shō bottle". The koku is historically important: since it was reckoned as the amount of rice necessary to feed
2576-591: The system have varied over time and location in Japan's history. Japan signed the Treaty of the Metre in 1885, with its terms taking effect in 1886. It received its prototype metre and kilogram from the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in 1890. The next year, a weights and measurements law codified the Japanese system, taking its fundamental units to be the shaku and kan and deriving
2632-487: The time compulsory through primary school—began to teach the metric system. Governmental agencies and the Japanese Weights and Measures Association undertook a gradual course of education and conversion but opposition became vehemently outspoken in the early 1930s. Nationalists decried the "foreign" system as harmful to Japanese pride, language, and culture, as well as restrictive to international trade. In 1933,
2688-471: The time had not indicated whether it would support the project. In the Meiji period , most structures from the Edo Castle disappeared. Some were cleared to make way for other buildings, while others were destroyed by earthquakes and fire. For example, the wooden double bridges ( 二重橋 , Nijūbashi ) over the moat were replaced with stone and iron bridges. The buildings of the Imperial Palace constructed in
2744-468: The transition to the metric system was formally revised, indefinitely exempting real estate and historical objects and treasures from any need for metric conversion. The deadline for compulsory conversion in all other fields was moved back to 31 December 1958. Following its defeat in World War II , Japan was occupied by America and saw an expanded use of US customary units . Gasoline was sold by
2800-451: Was 1 ⁄ 4 longer and used in measuring cloth. (A longer unit of about 25 cloth shaku was the tan .) Traditional Japanese clothing was reckoned using the "traditional clothing" shaku ( 呉服尺 , gofukujaku ), about 1 ⁄ 5 longer than the carpentry shaku . The Shōsōin in Nara has ivory 1- shaku rulers, the kōgebachiru-no-shaku ( 紅牙撥鏤尺 ) . The Japanese ri
2856-472: Was estimated at only 85%. Since research showed that individual Japanese did not intend to actually use the metric units when given other options, however, sale and verification of devices marked with non-metric units (such as rulers and tape measures noting shaku and sun ) were criminalised after 1961. Some use of the traditional units continues. Some Japanese describe their weight in terms of kan . Homes continue to be reckoned in terms of tsubo , even on
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#17327653103602912-421: Was founded in 2004 with the aim of a historically correct reconstruction of at least the main donjon. In March 2013, Naotaka Kotake, head of the group, said that "the capital city needs a symbolic building", and that the group planned to collect donations and signatures on a petition in support of rebuilding the tower. A reconstruction blueprint had been made based on old documents. The Imperial Household Agency at
2968-401: Was no longer reckoned by volume but computed by weight (40 kan ). The shakujime of timber was about 12 cu ft (340 L) and the taba about 108 ft³ (3,100 L or 3.1 m ). The base unit of Japanese mass is the kan , although the momme is more common. It is a recognised unit in the international pearl industry. In English-speaking countries, momme
3024-538: Was renamed to Imperial Castle ( 皇城 , Kōjō ) . Previous fires had destroyed the Honmaru area containing the old donjon (which itself burned in the 1657 Meireki fire ). On the night of 5 May 1873, a fire consumed the Nishinomaru Palace (formerly the shōgun's residence), and the new imperial Palace Castle ( 宮城 , Kyūjō ) was constructed on the site in 1888. The castle has many gardens. A non-profit "Rebuilding Edo-jo Association" ( NPO法人 江戸城再建 )
3080-662: Was styled similarly to the Kyoto Imperial Palace, but was covered with (fireproof) copper plates rather than Japanese cypress shingles. In the late Taishō and early Shōwa period, more concrete buildings were added, such as the headquarters of the Imperial Household Ministry and the Privy Council . These structures exhibited only token Japanese elements. From 1888 to 1948, the compound was called Palace Castle ( 宮城 , Kyūjō ) . On
3136-473: Was to investigate which of Japan's three legal systems should be adopted. Upon its advice, the Imperial Diet established the metric system as Japan's legal standard, effective 1 July 1924, with use of the other systems permitted as a transitional measure. The government and "leading industries" were to convert within the next decade, with others following in the decade after that. Public education —at
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