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75-527: The Nikon F-mount successor is the Nikon Z-mount . The Nikon F-mount is one of only two SLR lens mounts (the other being the Pentax K-mount ) which were not abandoned by their associated manufacturer upon the introduction of autofocus , but rather extended to meet new requirements related to metering , autofocus , and aperture control. The large variety of F-mount compatible lenses makes it

150-524: A CPU enabled lens; the aperture of G designated lenses cannot be controlled without an electronic camera body; non-AI lenses (manufactured prior to 1977) can cause mechanical damage to later model bodies unless they are modified to meet the AI specification; and AF-P lenses (introduced in 2016) will not focus, even manually, on cameras introduced before roughly 2013. Many manual focus lenses can be converted to allow metering with consumer Nikon bodies by adding

225-569: A Dandelion chip to the lens. Most Nikon F-mount lenses cover a minimum of the standard 36×24   mm area of 35mm format and the Nikon FX format , while DX designated lenses cover the 24×16   mm area of the Nikon DX format , and industrial F-mount lenses have varying coverage. DX lenses may produce vignetting when used on film and FX cameras. However, Nikon lenses designed for film cameras will work on Nikon digital system cameras with

300-443: A 30 mm (24 mm full format equivalent), and a 110 mm (85 mm full format equivalent). Both lenses allow automatic aperture control, but must be focussed manually. The tilt mechanism (nearer to the front lens) allows up to ±8.5° for the 30 mm lens and up to ±10° for the 110 mm lens; the shift mechanism allows a sideway movement for both of up to ±15 mm. Both lenses allow not only independent rotation of

375-405: A PC-E lens operates like a PC lens. The PC Micro-Nikkor 85   mm f / 2.8D lens offers only preset aperture control, actuated mechanically by pressing a plunger. In July 1962, Nikon released the first interchangeable perspective-control lens available for a single-lens reflex camera , the 35mm f / 3.5 PC-Nikkor. This was followed in 1968 by a redesigned 35mm f / 2.8 PC-Nikkor in which

450-499: A lens that provided both tilt and shift movements in 1973; many other manufacturers soon followed suit. Canon and Nikon currently offer four lenses that provide both movements. Such lenses are frequently used in architectural photography to control perspective, and in landscape photography to get an entire scene sharp. Some photographers have popularized the use of tilt for selective focus in applications such as portrait photography. The selective focus that can be achieved by tilting

525-558: A new (Oct. 2016) PC-E Nikkor 19mm f / 4.0 ED lens, a PC-E Nikkor 24 mm f / 3.5D ED lens, PC-E Micro-Nikkor 45 mm f / 2.8D ED, and PC-E Micro Nikkor 85 mm f / 2.8D ED. The 45 mm and 85 mm "Micro" lenses offer close focus (0.5 magnification) for macrophotography . In 2016, Nikon added the PC NIKKOR 19mm f/4E ED extra wide angle view lens with a magnification factor of 0.18 and 25 cm focus distance. The PC- E lenses offer automatic aperture control with

600-535: A new optical design. This was the last of the completely manual PC-Nikkors to be offered. Nikkor lenses designated AF-S, AF-I and AF-P have integrated autofocus motors, but other manufacturers included in the list do not designate it as clearly. These lenses are needed for autofocus on certain newer low-end Nikon cameras which lack an autofocus motor . Without autofocus motor are the Nikon D40 , D40X , D60 , D3xxx (most recent: D3500 ), D5xxx (most recent: D5600 ),

675-411: A pushbutton that controls the electromagnetic diaphragm; with other earlier cameras, no aperture control is provided, and the lenses are not usable. A camera lens can provide sharp focus on only a single plane. Without tilt, the image plane (containing the film or image sensor ), the lens plane, and the plane of focus are parallel, and are perpendicular to the lens axis; objects in sharp focus are all at

750-429: A scene at greatly different distances from the camera can be rendered sharp, and selective focus can be given to different parts of a scene at the same distance from the camera. With tilt, the depth of field is wedge shaped . As noted above , using a large amount of tilt and a small f -number gives a small angular DoF. This can be useful if the objective is to provide selective focus to different objects at essentially

825-547: A small aperture setting to prevent vignetting when significant shifts are employed. PC lenses for 35 mm cameras typically offer a maximum shift of 11 mm; some newer models offer a maximum shift of 12 mm. The mathematics involved in tilt lenses are described as the Scheimpflug principle , after an Austrian military officer who developed the technique for correcting distortion in aerial photographs. The first PC lens manufactured for an SLR camera in any format

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900-427: A tilt-shift lens, but has not yet released such a lens as of 2022. The 17 mm and the 24 mm version II lenses allow independent rotation of the tilt and shift movements. The 50 mm, the 90 mm and the 135 mm providing macro capability of 0.5×, some with extension tube up to 1.0×. All five lenses provide automatic aperture control. Fujifilm provides two medium format tilt/shift lenses :

975-499: Is a low-cost alternative for providing tilt and swing for many SLR cameras, although the effect is somewhat different from that of the lenses just described. Because of the simple optical design, there is significant curvature of field , and sharp focus is limited to a region near the lens axis. Consequently, the Lensbaby's primary application is selective focus and toy camera–style photography. Selective focus can be used to direct

1050-451: Is adjusted with a tilted lens, the PoF rotates about an axis at the intersection of the lens's front focal plane and a plane through the center of the lens parallel to the image plane; the tilt determines the distance from the axis of rotation to the center of the lens, and the focus determines the angle of the PoF with the image plane. In combination, the tilt and focus determine the position of

1125-553: Is an interchangeable lens mount developed by Nikon for its mirrorless digital cameras . In late 2018, Nikon released two cameras that use this mount, the full-frame Nikon Z7 and Nikon Z6 . In late 2019 Nikon announced their first Z-mount camera with an APS-C sensor, the Nikon Z50 . In July 2020 the entry-level full-frame Z5 was introduced. In October 2020, Nikon announced the Nikon Z6II and Nikon Z7II , which succeed

1200-734: Is developing a video-centric, standard zoom lens with power zoom, the NIKKOR Z 28-135mm f /4 PZ. Nikon uses a new designation system for their Z-mount lenses. The older F-mount Nikkor designations are no longer used, though they overlap in some areas (e.g. the VR and DX labels). Nikon also introduced the S-Line branding for especially high-performance ("superior") lenses, which is akin to Canon's L designation or Sony's "G-Master" branding. The Nikon teleconverters are only compatible with select Nikon Z lenses. They cannot be used in conjunction with

1275-504: Is now considered too long for many architectural photography applications. With advances in optical design, lenses of 28 mm and then 24 mm became available and were quickly adopted by photographers working in close proximity to their subjects, such as in urban settings. The Arri motion-picture camera company offers a shift and tilt bellows system that provides movements for PL-mount lenses on motion-picture cameras. Canon currently offers five lenses with tilt and shift functions:

1350-430: Is often helpful in avoiding the convergence of parallel lines, as when photographing tall buildings. Movements have been available on view cameras since the early days of photography; they have been available on smaller-format cameras since the early 1960s, usually by means of special lenses or adapters. Nikon introduced a lens providing shift movements for their 35 mm SLR cameras in 1962, and Canon introduced

1425-522: Is opposite of the direction normally used by Canon . F-mount lenses also typically have aperture rings that turn clockwise to close. The aperture rings have two sets of f-stop numbers. On cameras equipped with Nikon's Aperture Direct Readout (ADR) system, a small window under the pentaprism reads the smaller scale and displays the selected f-stop in the viewfinder . Nikon has introduced many proprietary designations for F-mount Nikkor lenses, reflecting design variations and developments both in lenses and

1500-416: Is parallel to the image plane, parallel lines in the subject remain parallel in the image. If the image plane is not parallel to the subject, as when pointing a camera up to photograph a tall building, parallel lines converge, and the result sometimes appears unnatural, such as a building that appears to be leaning backwards. Shift is a displacement of the lens parallel to the image plane that allows adjusting

1575-431: Is the sole camera to not use USB-C). It connects through a USB-C cable to the camera and replicates the right-hand controls of the camera body. It is designed for film applications and uses an ARRI rosette-type mount. This table contains the specifications for all Nikon Z lenses, as well as third-party autofocus lenses. Collecting all specifications for third-party lenses, including manual focus ones, isn't feasible due to

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1650-450: Is the use of camera movements that change the orientation or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras . Sometimes the term is used when a shallow depth of field is simulated with digital post-processing; the name may derive from a perspective control lens (or tilt–shift lens) normally required when the effect is produced optically. "Tilt–shift" encompasses two different types of movements: rotation of

1725-445: Is to be sharp; for example, if it is desired to emphasize one building in a row of buildings, the tilt and f -number can be used to control the width of the sharp area, and the focus used to determine which building is sharp. But if it is desired to have two or more points sharp (for example, two people at different distances from the camera), the PoF must include both points, and it usually is not possible to achieve this while also using

1800-500: The Canon EF and RF mounts. It is also slightly larger than the 51.6 mm diameter full-frame mirrorless Leica L-Mount . The Z-mount has also a very short flange distance of 16 mm, which is shorter than all mentioned lens mounts. This flange distance allows for numerous lenses of nearly all other current and previous mounts to be mounted to Z-mount with an adapter. The Z-mount 58 mm f /0.95 S Noct lens reintroduced

1875-547: The Nikon 1 series with FT1 adapter and the Nikon Z-mount cameras with FTZ adapter. Zeiss ZF series lenses are manual-focus designs Nikon AI-S type aperture indexing. They are manufactured by Cosina to Zeiss specifications. Four design variations are designated ZF, ZF.2, ZF-I, and ZF-IR. ZF is the original product line. ZF.2 lenses are CPU-enabled (similar to Nikon AI-P lenses) offering full metering compatibility with

1950-539: The Nikon D3 , D300 , and D700 cameras. With some earlier camera models, a PC-E lens operates like a regular Nikon PC (non-E) lens, with preset aperture control by means of a pushbutton; with other earlier models, no aperture control is provided, and the lens is not usable. The mechanisms providing the tilt and shift functions can be rotated 90° to the left or right so that they operate horizontally, vertically, or at intermediate orientations. The lenses are supplied with

2025-559: The Noct brand historically used by Nikon for lenses with ultra-fast maximum apertures. Nikon published a roadmap outlining which lenses are forthcoming when the Z-mount system was initially announced. The roadmap has been updated multiple times. As of October 2024 the current version of the roadmap indicates a 35 mm S-line lens left to be released (besides the 35/1.4 lens released in 2024). On October 30, 2024, Nikon announced that it

2100-461: The TS-E 17 mm f / 4 , the TS-E 24 mm f / 3.5L II , the TS-E 50mm f/2.8L MACRO , the TS-E 90 mm f / 2.8L MACRO , and the TS-E 135 mm f/4L MACRO . The lenses are supplied with the tilt and shift movements at right angles to each other; they can be modified so that the movements operate in the same direction. Canon filed a patent in 2016 for an autofocus system for use in

2175-686: The Z50II , the first APS-C camera to use the Expeed 7 processor introduced with the Z9. Nikon SLR cameras , both film and digital , have used the Nikon F-mount with its 44 mm diameter since 1959. The Z-mount has a 55 mm diameter. The FTZ lens adapter allows many F-mount lenses to be used on Z-mount cameras. The FTZ allows AF-S, AF-P and AF-I lenses to autofocus on Z-mount cameras. The older screw-drive AF and AF-D lenses will not autofocus with

2250-884: The film or sensor , providing the equivalent of corresponding view camera movements. This movement of the lens allows adjusting the position of the subject in the image area without moving the camera back; it is often used to avoid convergence of parallel lines, such as when photographing a tall building. A lens that provides only shift is called a shift lens , while those that can also tilt are called tilt–shift lenses . The terms PC and TS are also used by some manufacturers to refer to this type of lens. Short-focus perspective-control (PC) lenses (i.e., 17 mm through 35 mm) are used mostly in architectural photography; longer focal lengths may also be used in other applications such as landscape, product, and closeup photography. PC lenses are generally designed for single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras, as rangefinder cameras do not allow

2325-406: The lens plane relative to the image plane , called tilt , and movement of the lens parallel to the image plane, called shift . Tilt is used to control the orientation of the plane of focus (PoF), and hence the part of an image that appears sharp; it makes use of the Scheimpflug principle . Shift is used to adjust the position of the subject in the image area without moving the camera back; this

Nikon F-mount - Misplaced Pages Continue

2400-478: The 35mm f / 2.8 Shift CA lens for its manual focus SR-mount cameras in the 1970s and 1980s. The lens was unique among perspective-control lenses in that, rather than offering a combination of tilt-and-shift, Minolta designed the lens with variable field curvature, which could make the field of focus either convex or concave (essentially a three-dimensional, spherical form of tilt). Nikon offers several PC lenses, all of which feature tilt and shift functions:

2475-1020: The 36×24 mm area of the 35mm format or Nikon FX format , and lenses 28 mm and longer share a common T-stop (T/) of 2.1. Nikkorex F / Nikkor J Autofocus Camera | APS-format | Nikkorex with Leaf Shutter | Nikomat/Nikkormat | All Other Cameras | Manual Focus with electronic features (A mode) See also: Nikon DSLR cameras Nikon Z cameras >> PROCESSOR : Pre-EXPEED | EXPEED | EXPEED 2 | EXPEED 3 | EXPEED 4 | EXPEED 5 | EXPEED 6 VIDEO: HD video / Video AF / Uncompressed / 4k video   ⋅   SCREEN: Articulating , Touchscreen   ⋅   BODY FEATURE: Weather Sealed Without full AF-P lens support   ⋅   Without AF-P and without E-type lens support   ⋅   Without an AF motor (needs lenses with integrated motor , except D50 ) Nikon Z-mount Nikon Z-mount (stylised as Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } )

2550-643: The F-mount in non-photographic imaging applications. The F-mount has a significant degree of both backward and forward compatibility . Many current autofocus F-mount lenses can be used on the original Nikon F , and the earliest manual-focus F-mount lenses of the 1960s and early 1970s can, with some modification, still be used to their fullest on all professional-class Nikon cameras. Incompatibilities do exist, however, and adventurous F-mount users should consult product documentation in order to avoid problems. For example, many electronic camera bodies cannot meter without

2625-484: The F-mount itself. There are also "unofficial" designations used by collectors and dealers to differentiate similar lenses. Nikon PC lenses, like other perspective control lenses , offer adjustments that duplicate certain view camera movements . The 28mm and 35mm PC lenses support shifting the lens in relation to the film or sensor plane, while Nikon's 19mm, 24mm, 45mm, and 85mm PC-E lenses also support tilting . Nikon currently offers four different PC lenses for sale:

2700-510: The FTZ adapter, but they do retain metering and Exif data. Z-mount cameras support metering as well as in-body image stabilization (IBIS) with manual focus lenses. The 55 mm throat diameter of the Nikon Z-mount makes it the largest full-frame lens mount. It is much larger than the F-mount and the E-mount used by Sony mirrorless cameras but only slightly larger than the 54 mm of both

2775-539: The FTZ adapter. Z-mount teleconverters cannot be mounted on top of each other. The following lenses are compatible with the Nikon teleconverters: Nikon specifies lens compatibility as in the following table. F-mount teleconverters can be used on compatible lenses, but the Z-mount teleconverters may not be used in conjunction with the FTZ. For details on the lens types, refer to Nikon F-mount . Numerous manufacturers offer purely manual lenses and lens mount adapters for

2850-585: The HCD 28 mm f / 4, HC 35 mm f / 3.5, HC 50 mm f / 3.5, HC 80 mm f / 2.8 and HC 100 mm f / 2.2 lenses on H-System cameras. To allow infinity focus, the adapter includes optics that multiply the lens focal lengths by 1.5. Autofocus and focus confirmation are disabled when using the adapter. Leica is currently providing the TS-APO-ELMAR-S 1:5,6/120 mm ASPH lens for its new S-System of digital SLRs. Minolta offered

2925-468: The PoF. The PoF can also be oriented so that only a small part of it passes through the subject, producing a very shallow region of sharpness, and the effect is quite different from that obtained simply by using a large aperture with a regular camera. Using tilt changes the shape of the depth of field (DoF). When the lens and image planes are parallel, the DoF extends between parallel planes on either side of

3000-513: The PoF. With tilt or swing, the DoF is wedge shaped, with the apex of the wedge near the camera, as shown in Figure 5 in the Scheimpflug principle article. The DoF is zero at the apex, remains shallow at the edge of the lens's field of view, and increases with distance from the camera. For a given position of the PoF, the angle between the planes that define the near and far limits of DoF (i.e.,

3075-525: The Samyang T-S 24mm f/3.5 ED AS UMC, which can tilt up to 8.5 degrees and shift up to 12mm of axis. ARAX introduced a 35 mm f/2.8 and an 80 mm f/2.8 tilt–shift lens, which are available for several camera mounts. Both lenses retail for less than the Samyang T-S 24mm. ARAX also produces a 50 mm f/2.8 tilt–shift lens for Micro 4/3 and Sony NEX mounts. Most SLR cameras provide automatic aperture control , which allows viewing and metering at

Nikon F-mount - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-535: The TS-PC Hartblei 35 mm f / 2.8, the TS-PC Hartblei 65 mm f / 3.5, the TS-PC Hartblei 80 mm f / 2.8, and the TS-PC Hartblei 120 mm f / 2.8. It also offers the TS-PC Hartblei 45 mm f / 3.5 to fit several medium-format camera bodies. The tilt and shift movements can be independently rotated in any direction. Hasselblad offers a tilt-and-shift adapter, the HTS 1.5, for use with

3225-506: The Z-mount. These do not interface electronically to the camera and do not support autofocus or automatic control of the aperture. Some manufacturers offer lenses and adapters with full electronic functionality (autofocus, automatic aperture control, Exif metadata etc.). Third-party lenses and adapters often rely on reverse engineering the electronic protocol of a lens mount and might not work properly on new cameras or firmware versions. However, Cosina Voigtländer , Sigma and Tamron licensed

3300-590: The Z5/6/7 use the rectangular 8-pin accessory port introduced with the D90 and used on most other Nikon DSLRs since. The Z30/50/fc do not have an accessory port. Most Z cameras use the same batteries of their "peer" DSLRs: Battery grips are available for several models: Nikon does not offer grips for the Z50II, Z50, Z30, Zfc and Zf. The MC-N10 is a remote-control grip for all Z cameras with USB-C (the first-generation Z50

3375-734: The Z6 and Z7, respectively. The APS-C lineup was expanded in July 2021, with the introduction of the retro styled Nikon Zfc , and in October 2021, Nikon unveiled the Nikon Z9 , which effectively succeeds the brand's flagship D6 DSLR . The APS-C lineup was further expanded with the Nikon Z30 , announced at the end of June 2022. The Nikon Z6III was announced in June 2024. In November 2024, Nikon announced

3450-417: The angular DoF) increases with lens f -number ; for a given f -number and angle of the PoF, the angular DoF decreases with increasing tilt. When it is desired to have an entire scene sharp, as in landscape photography, the best results are often achieved with a relatively small amount of tilt. When the objective is selective focus , a large amount of tilt can be used to give a very small angular DoF; however,

3525-534: The camera and the diaphragm. Because of this, the Canon TS-E tilt–shift lenses include automatic aperture control. In 2008, Nikon introduced its PC-E perspective-control lenses with electromagnetic diaphragms. Automatic aperture control is provided with the D300 , D500 , D600/610 , D700 , D750 , D800/810 , D3 , D4 and D5 cameras. With some earlier cameras, the lenses offer preset aperture control by means of

3600-400: The camera back is not parallel to a planar subject, it is not possible to have the entire subject in focus without the use of tilt or swing; consequently, the image must rely on the depth of field to have the entire subject rendered acceptably sharp. With a PC lens, the camera back can be kept parallel to the subject while the lens is moved to achieve the desired positioning of the subject in

3675-495: The camera body, this adjustment can not fully replace regular shift lenses as those may provide a larger shift movement. Schneider-Kreuznach offers the PC-Super Angulon 28 mm f / 2.8 lens that provides shift movements, with preset aperture control. The lens is available with mounts to fit cameras by various manufacturers, and also with 42 mm screw mount. The Sinar arTec camera offers tilt and shift with

3750-425: The convergence for artistic effect. Shifting a lens allows different portions of the image circle to be cast onto the image plane, similar to cropping an area along the edge of an image. Again, view camera users usually distinguish between vertical movements ( rise and fall ) and lateral movements (shift or cross ), while small- and medium-format users often refer to both types of movements as "shift". Whereas

3825-457: The four PC-E Nikkors (2008 and 2016), and the 85mm PC-Nikkor (1999). The 45   mm and 85   mm "Micro" lenses offer close focus (0.5 magnification) for macrophotography . The PC- E lenses (the "E" designates an electromagnetic diaphragm) offer automatic aperture control with all DSLRs with CMOS image sensor except the Nikon D90 . With earlier DSLRs and all "analog" film camera models,

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3900-449: The full range of AF Nikon SLR cameras. ZF-I lenses add mechanical locks for focus and aperture, and additional environmental sealing, for industrial applications. ZF-IR lenses are adapted to infrared imaging, with coatings that transmit wavelengths up to 1100 nm, and focus scales marked for infrared. CP.2 lenses are a series of Zeiss "CompactPrime" cinema lenses which present F-mount as one of three mounting options. The lenses cover

3975-422: The full range of Sinaron digital lenses. All perspective-control and tilt–shift lenses are manual-focus prime lenses , but are quite expensive compared to regular prime lenses. Some medium format camera makers, such as Mamiya , have addressed this problem by offering shift adapters that work with the maker's other prime lenses. In 2013, Samyang Optics introduced one of the cheapest today tilt–shift lenses,

4050-482: The image area. All points in the subject remain at the same distance from the camera, and the subject shape is preserved. If desired, the camera back can be rotated away from parallel to the subject, to allow some convergence of parallel lines or even to increase the convergence. Again, the position of the subject in the image area is adjusted by moving the lens. The earliest perspective control and tilt–shift lenses for 35 mm format were 35 mm focal length, which

4125-431: The image circle of a standard lens usually just covers the image frame, a lens that provides tilt or shift must allow for displacement of the lens axis from the center of the image frame, and consequently requires a larger image circle than a standard lens of the same focal length. On a view camera, the tilt and shift movements are inherent in the camera, and many view cameras allow a considerable range of adjustment of both

4200-442: The large number of brands producing a great variety of such lenses. << Nikon DSLR cameras << Nikon 1 cameras PROCESSOR : EXPEED 6 | Dual EXPEED 6 | EXPEED 7 VIDEO: Slow-motion video , 4K video , 6K video , 8K video SCREEN: Articulating , Touchscreen BODY FEATURE: In-Body Image Stabilization , Weather Sealed Perspective control lens Tilt–shift photography

4275-737: The largest system of interchangeable flange-mount photographic lenses in history. Over 400 different Nikkor lenses are compatible with the system. The F-mount is also popular in scientific and industrial applications, most notably machine vision . The F-mount has been in production for over 60 years, the only SLR lens mount with such longevity. In addition to Nikon's own range of " Nikkor " lenses, brands of F-mount photographic lenses include Zeiss , Voigtländer , Schneider , Angénieux , Samyang , Sigma , Tokina , Tamron , Hartblei , Kiev-Arsenal , Lensbaby , and Vivitar . F-mount cameras include current models from Nikon , Fujifilm , Sinar , JVC , Kenko and Horseman. Numerous other manufacturers employ

4350-509: The lens and the camera back. Applying movements on a small- or medium-format camera usually requires a tilt–shift lens or perspective control lens . The former allows tilt, shift, or both; the latter allows only shift. With a tilt–shift lens, adjustments are available only for the lens, and the range is usually more limited. Tilt–shift and perspective-control lenses are available for many SLR cameras, but most are far more expensive than comparable lenses without movements. The Lensbaby SLR lens

4425-460: The lens to working aperture, and then quickly switch between working aperture and full aperture without looking at the aperture control. Though slightly easier than stopped-down metering, operation is less convenient than automatic operation. When Canon introduced its EOS line of cameras in 1987, the EF lenses incorporated electromagnetic diaphragms, eliminating the need for a mechanical linkage between

4500-412: The lens's maximum aperture, stops the lens down to the working aperture during exposure, and returns the lens to maximum aperture after exposure. For perspective-control and tilt–shift lenses, the mechanical linkage is impractical, and automatic aperture control was not offered on the first such lenses. Many PC and TS lenses incorporated a feature known as a "preset" aperture, which lets the photographer set

4575-403: The limitations noted above. F-mount lenses lock by turning counter-clockwise (when looking at the front of lens) and unlock clockwise. Nearly all F-mount lenses have zoom and focus controls that rotate in the clockwise direction (as viewed from behind the camera) to increase focal length and focus distance respectively. This convention is also used in Pentax K-mount and Sony A-mount lenses but

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4650-431: The mount from Nikon, enabling full compatibility. List by official designation and sources for the table below: Nikon Z cameras use the same iTTL flash system as Nikon DSLRs, which remains fully backward compatible and with third-party flashes and flash transmitters. The Z9 and Z8 use the same circular 10-pin accessory port (for a remote shutter release, external GPS receiver etc.) as previous "pro-grade" Nikons, while

4725-432: The photographer to directly view the effect of the lens, and view cameras allow for perspective control using camera movements . A PC lens has a larger image circle than is required to cover the image area (film or sensor size). Typically, the image circle is large enough, and the mechanics of the lens sufficiently limited, that the image area cannot be shifted outside of the image circle. However, many PC lenses require

4800-423: The plane of focus is often compelling because the effect is different from that to which many viewers have become accustomed. Ben Thomas , Walter Iooss Jr. of Sports Illustrated , Vincent Laforet and many other photographers have used this technique. In photography , a perspective-control lens allows the photographer to control the appearance of perspective in the image; the lens can be moved parallel to

4875-413: The position of the subject in the image area without changing the camera angle; in effect the camera can be aimed with the shift movement. Shift can be used to keep the image plane (and thus focus) parallel to the subject; it can be used to photograph a tall building while keeping the sides of the building parallel. The lens can also be shifted in the opposite direction and the camera tilted up to accentuate

4950-399: The same distance from the camera. But in many cases, effective use of tilt for selective focus requires a careful choice of what is sharp as well as what is unsharp, as Vincent Laforet has noted. Because the tilt also affects the position of the PoF, it may not be possible to use a large amount of tilt and have the PoF pass through all desired points. This may not be a problem if only one point

5025-425: The same distance from the camera. When the lens plane is tilted relative to the image plane, the plane of focus (PoF) is at an angle to the image plane, and objects at different distances from the camera can all be sharply focused if they lie in the same plane. With the lens tilted, the image plane, lens plane, and PoF intersect at a common line; this behavior has become known as the Scheimpflug principle . When focus

5100-425: The shifting portion of the lens was further from the camera's body, in order to clear the new "Photomic" meters. The last optical redesign of this 35mm lens was released in 1980. The 35mm PC-Nikkor did not meet the need of photographers for a wider-angle lens, so in July 1975 Nikon released the 28mm f / 4 PC-Nikkor. In February 1981 Nikon released an improved version of this lens, the 28mm f / 3.5 PC-Nikkor, with

5175-400: The subject is recorded without distortion. When the image plane is not parallel to the subject, as when pointing the camera up at a tall building, parts of the subject are at varying distances from the camera; the more distant parts are recorded at lesser magnification, causing the convergence of parallel lines. Because the subject is at an angle to the camera, it is also foreshortened . When

5250-555: The tilt and shift movements at right angles to each other; they can be modified by Nikon so that the movements operate in the same direction. In Pentax high-end DSLRs ( K-7 , K-5 , K-5 II , K-5 IIs and K-30 ) the shake reduction hardware unit can be manually adjusted in the X/Y direction to achieve a shift effect with any lens using the Composition Adjust function in the menu system. Although available for any lens that fits

5325-617: The tilt component by up to 90° in relation to the shift component, but also enable rotating the whole lens by up to ±90° versus the default landscape position. The 110 mm lens sports a macro capability of max. 0.5× magnification. Laowa released the 15mm f/4.5 Shift-only lens in 2020. With the +/-11mm shift movement, it is currently the widest shift lens ever made for full frame cameras and mounts for all major camera brands are available. Hartblei makes tilt-and-shift lenses to fit various manufacturers’ camera bodies. It currently offers four Super-Rotator Tilt/Shift lenses for 35 mm bodies:

5400-414: The tilt fixes the position of the PoF rotation axis, so if tilt is used to control the DoF, it may not be possible to also have the PoF pass through all desired points. View camera users usually distinguish between rotating the lens about a horizontal axis (tilt), and rotation about a vertical axis ( swing ); small- and medium-format camera users often refer to either rotation as "tilt". If a subject plane

5475-399: The viewer's attention to a small part of the image while de-emphasizing other parts. With tilt, the effect is different from that obtained by using a large f -number without tilt. With a regular camera, the PoF and the DoF are perpendicular to the line of sight; with tilt, the PoF can be almost parallel to the line of sight, and the DoF can be very narrow but extend to infinity. Thus parts of

5550-406: The world's widest 15mm shift lens with an extremely good optical distortion control. Fujifilm announced the 30 mm and 110 mm medium format tilt/shift lenses on Sept. 12 2023. When the camera back is parallel to a planar subject (such as the front of a building), all points in the subject are at the same distance from the camera, and are recorded at the same magnification. The shape of

5625-853: Was Nikon's 1961 f / 3.5 35 mm PC-Nikkor ; it was followed by an f / 2.8 35 mm PC-Nikkor (1968), an f / 4 28 mm PC-Nikkor (1975), and an f / 3.5 28 mm PC-Nikkor (1981). In 1973, Canon introduced a lens, the TS 35 mm f / 2.8 SSC, with tilt as well as shift functions. Other manufacturers, including Venus Optics Laowa , Olympus , Pentax , Schneider Kreuznach (produced as well for Leica ), and Minolta , made their own versions of PC lenses. Olympus produced 35 mm and 24 mm shift lenses. Canon currently offers 17 mm, 24 mm, 50 mm, 90 mm and 135 mm tilt/shift lenses. Nikon currently offers 19 mm, 24 mm, 45 mm, and 85 mm PC lenses with tilt and shift capability. Venus Optics Laowa offers

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