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37-695: The FM10 is not manufactured by Nikon, and is not a true member of the Nikon compact F-series SLRs, as the name implies. It is manufactured by Cosina in Japan (as are both the lenses), and is derived from the Cosina CT-1 chassis. Following Nikon's decision in January 2006 to concentrate on digital cameras, the FM10 and the high-end F6 became the sole remaining film SLRs to carry the Nikon name. However, by mid-2022

74-659: A motor drive ; film is only advanced manually via a thumb lever. The aluminum alloy chassis used in the FM10 can be traced back more than twenty-five years to the Cosina CT-1 . Cosina has a long history of producing equipment to specification for other camera companies. Other famous name SLR cameras that were built around the CT-1 chassis include the Canon T60 , Nikon FE10, Olympus OM2000 , Ricoh KR-5 Super II and Yashica FX-3 . They differ primarily in their outer cosmetic plastic body panels, lens mounts and nameplates. This chassis

111-412: A black vignette circle onto the FM10 film plane. Nikon's Vibration Reduction (VR) image stabilization system, available on some newer lenses since 2000, does not function on the FM10. Both IX Nikkor lenses (1996), for Nikon's Advanced Photo System (APS) film SLRs and very old "invasive" Nikkor 35 mm fisheye lenses must not be mounted on the FM10, as their rear elements will intrude far enough into

148-473: A century. In 1929, Mrs. Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte , who herself married into a family that had once been considered parvenu and lacking in pedigree, protested that "the nouveau riche ... is making places like Palm Beach no more exclusive than Coney Island . Newport, the last stronghold of the elite, has the moneyed intruder at the gates.... Undesirables are penetrating everywhere". In 18th-century Europe, old-money families attempted to raise themselves above

185-479: A variety of SLR manufacturers' lens mounts. In 1991, it started to produce glass molded aspheric lenses , and in 1996 plastic molded aspherical lenses. Cosina began producing digital cameras in 1997. At about this time, plans were started to produce a new high-quality rangefinder 35 mm film camera, complete with wide and ultrawide lenses for the Leica screw mount , and also a standard 35 mm film camera for

222-554: A year later started the manufacture of 35mm film SLR cameras ; in 1968 it started a glass melting factory. Nikō changed its name to Cosina in 1973. (The first part of the name is a reference to the Koshi area within Nakano, where the founder came from; while the 'Na' represents Nakano.) The name Cosina has previously appeared on compact and SLR cameras for 135 film . The CS-2 and CS-3 SLRs were introduced in 1978, followed in 1980 by

259-401: Is a social class of the rich whose wealth has been acquired within their own generation, rather than by familial inheritance . These people previously had belonged to a lower social class and economic stratum (rank) within that class and the term implies that the new money, which constitutes their wealth, allowed upward social mobility and provided the means for conspicuous consumption ,

296-562: Is a manufacturer of high-end optical glass, optical precision equipment, cameras , video and electronic related equipment, based in Nakano , Nagano Prefecture , Japan . Cosina is the successor to Nikō (or "Nikoh"), a company set up as a lens processing factory in February 1959, which was a pioneer in optical polishing and lens grinding in Japan. In 1966, it also started to manufacture 35 mm compact cameras and 8 mm cine cameras , and

333-438: Is a mechanically (springs, gears, levers) controlled manual focus SLR with manual exposure control. It is operable without batteries, which are only required (two S76 or A76, or one 1/3N) for the light metering information system. This consists of an internal 60/40 percent centerweighted, silicon photodiode light meter linked to a center-the-LED exposure control system using vertically arranged +/•/– light emitting diodes (LEDs) on

370-668: Is also used, in heavily reworked form, as the basis for the Rollei 35RF , Zeiss Ikon and Cosina's own Voigtländer branded Bessa R series of 35 mm film rangefinder (RF) cameras as well as the unique Epson R-D1 digital rangefinder camera in magnesium alloy. The Nikon FM10 fills the very bottom of the Nikon SLR line, and was introduced to meet the needs of the burgeoning South and East Asian amateur photographic markets. Until then, Nikon cameras were world-renowned for their very high quality and durability, but were also expensive. Despite

407-668: The CT-1 , CT-7 (the world's first all—push-button SLR), CT-10 and CT-20 , the CT-1G in 1982 and the CT-9 in 1986. Cosina SLR cameras used either the M42 (Praktica/Pentax) lens mount or the Pentax K (bayonet) lens mount. However, Cosina is probably better known as a manufacturer of cameras and camera components for other brands, including the popular Yashica FX-3, FX-3 Super, and Super 2000. During

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444-917: The Canon T60 , the Nikon FM10 and FE10 , the Olympus OM2000 , Konica TC-X , Yashica FX-3 and FX-3 Super, and various Vivitar models. For this models the CT-1 was used. A Cosina design, the 1982 Cosina CX-2 , was copied by the Russian optical firm LOMO as the popular Lomo LC-A . Cosina manufactures manual focus SLR lenses for Carl Zeiss AG with: Leica (ZM), Nikon (ZF), Pentax (ZK), Canon EOS (ZE), and M42 (ZS) lens screw mounts. Cosina products are distributed in Japan by Kenko . Nouveau riche Nouveau riche ( French for 'new rich'; French: [nuvo ʁiʃ] ), new rich , or new money (in contrast to old money ; French: vieux riche [vjø ʁiʃ] )

481-576: The Epson digital rangefinder camera R-D1 as well. Its manufacture of a new Zeiss Ikon rangefinder camera with Leica M-mount , and Zeiss lenses in Leica bayonet mount, was announced in October 2004, and had begun producing these by April 2006. All these cameras use film. Cosina is also well known for manufacturing 35 mm SLR cameras to the specifications of other manufacturers and distributors, such as

518-516: The nouveau riche are often discriminated against by the old-money sects of society since they "lack the proper pedigree". These newcomers to economic power are subject to even greater scrutiny from their lack of historical prestige as seen through Dye's comments which reference the new rich as "uncouth" and "uncultured". The behavior of the nouveau riche is often satirized by American society by "implying that stereotyped, rather than real, behavior patterns are copied". Many people have made claims to

555-645: The nouveau riches by sensitively renovating their ancestral residences to allude to their antiquity. Their evident ties to the families' history could not be rivaled by the new, self-made, class. In the Dutch Republic , the nobility sought this as an advantage over the merchant burghers of Amsterdam and a similar trend arose in the French court. The same is true of the fashionable lairds of 17th-century Scotland who re-worked buildings like Thirlestane Castle , Glamis Castle and Drumlanrig Castle to celebrate

592-471: The patriciate , the nobility , and the gentry . The idea of nouveau riche dates at least as far back as ancient Greece ( c.  8th century BCE ). In the 6th century BCE, the poet and aristocrat Theognis of Megara wrote how "in former days, there was a tribe who knew no laws nor manners ... These men are nobles , now, the gentlemen of old are now the trash". In the Roman Republic ,

629-489: The FM10 had been marked as "discontinued" across multiple Nikon sites. The FM10 has a shutter speed range of 1 to 1/2000th second plus bulb and flash X-sync of 1/125th second. Its dimensions are 139 x 86 x 53 mm, and it weighs 420g. The camera is finished in black with champagne chrome trim. The FM10 was originally intended for sale in developing Asian markets, but was later sold in Western countries too. The FM10

666-624: The FM10 was one of only two to remain in production, lasting until October 2020. However, by November 2020, Nikon USA had marked the FM10 as "archived" and by mid-2022 it had been marked "discontinued" across multiple Nikon sites. [REDACTED] Media related to Nikon FM10 at Wikimedia Commons Nikkorex F / Nikkor J Autofocus Camera | APS-format | Nikkorex with Leaf Shutter | Nikomat/Nikkormat | All Other Cameras | Manual Focus with electronic features (A mode) See also: Nikon DSLR cameras Cosina Cosina Co., Ltd. ( 株式会社コシナ , Kabushiki-gaisha Koshina )

703-466: The FM10, but will not function properly. Nikon’s most recent 35 mm film/full-frame FX digital SLR lenses, the AF Nikkor G type (introduced in 2000) lack an aperture control ring, without which there is no way to set aperture using the FM10. AF Nikkor DX type (2003) lack an aperture ring as well, and have a smaller image circles sized for the smaller sensors on Nikon's DX digital SLRs, thus projecting

740-548: The President of Cosina since the death in 1988 of his father Kobayashi Bunjirō ( 小林文治郎 ) , the founder. The name Cosina now appears (conspicuously) on lenses for various SLR mounts, and less conspicuously on a widening range of cameras and lenses with the Voigtländer brand. Cosina manufactured the rangefinder camera Rollei 35 RF for Rollei Fototechnic , and is acknowledged to have manufactured (and to have helped design)

777-650: The Voigtländer 15 mm f/4.5 and 25 mm f/4 lens (neither of them rangefinder-coupled) and the Voigtländer Bessa-L standard camera body. It quickly followed with a wider range of Voigtländer cameras (starting with the Bessa-R , with viewfinder and rangefinder, and the Bessa-T , with rangefinder, but no viewfinder), and a set of lenses, including the Heliar 12 mm f/5.6 lens, which on its introduction

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814-711: The amateur film photography sector — similar to a rangefinder camera, but without a rangefinder or viewfinder — for mounting these lenses. In 1999, Cosina secured partial rights to the German, once Austrian, classic camera brand " Voigtländer ", acquired from RINGFOTO GmbH & Co. ALFO Marketing KG in Germany , to produce the Classic Collection (high-quality lenses with both M39 screw thread and Leica M bayonet, 35mm film cameras Bessa R, Bessa L, Bessa T, and medium format cameras Bessa III). Cosina first introduced

851-644: The brand-conscious nouveau riche in developing countries. It is claimed that the FM10 was intended for those who desired affordable ownership of a famous brand name, regardless of the actual quality of the camera itself. Nevertheless, when news of the FM10 reached Western photographers, a clamor arose and Nikon decided to offer it worldwide. While there have been mixed opinions, with some expressing reservations about its durability, it has proved popular as an entry level beginner's camera, and for photography students needing or wanting to use film and fully manual, mechanical SLR cameras. The Nikon FM10 sells steadily because of

888-421: The buying of goods and services that signal membership in an upper class . As a pejorative term, nouveau riche affects distinctions of type, the given stratum within a social class; hence, among the rich people of a social class, nouveau riche describes the vulgarity and ostentation of the newly rich person who lacks the worldly experience and the system of values of old money , of inherited wealth, such as

925-433: The concept of proper breeding ". The nouveau riche are juxtaposed against the old-money social class of those with trans-generational, inherited wealth in order to highlight the cultural, value system and societal differences between the two social groups. Old Family ties, as traditional claims of status, are not found in the nouveaux riches , which challenges and ultimately redefines social traditions and values such as

962-591: The debut. Social integration of these elite sects is extremely slow and sluggish, which prolongs and strengthens stereotypes. This rate of integration makes it more likely that the nouveaux riches will "retain identification with the traditional ... group of origin; this is the basis for division between the groups. Furthermore, the isolation that minority nouveaux riches experience within their own class leads them "to prioritize issues of radical justice, civil liberties, and religious tolerance over pure economic self-interest". Often referred to as parvenu , members of

999-477: The emergence of an increasingly prosperous middle-class in these countries, their income had not yet reached Western standards, so even the cheapest Nikons were generally beyond their means. The FM10's deliberately limited features and use of relatively dated technology were intended to keep production costs- and therefore price- as low as possible for these markets. However, the FM10 has been criticised by some for perceived low quality, attributed to its targeting of

1036-424: The inferiority of those with new money as compared to those with old money. Many have made claims that nouveaux riches "lack political and cultural sophistication" and others make comparisons saying that the old rich are "more sophisticated than the less cosmopolitan nouveau riche". These assumptions further perpetuate the differences between the two and lead to even further stereotypes and have lasted for well over

1073-410: The institution of debutantes and their debut to society. As seen through the rise in the number of debutantes, the social value of the debut has since shifted from the "family's elite social standing and long family traditions" to "a symbolic value as an element of upper-class life style". This transition allows for high social standing to be established by the nouveau riche through the institution of

1110-482: The late 1970s, Cosina made a name for itself in 35 mm rangefinder cameras with a well-built, high quality fixed-lens camera using an aluminum body and a simple shutter-priority autoexposure system. This rangefinder camera was adopted as the basic chassis for several excellent camera models, including the Minolta 7SII , Revue 400 SE , Prinz 35 ER , and Vivitar 35 ES . In 1982, Cosina began to manufacture lenses in

1147-539: The left side of the viewfinder to indicate the readings of the meter versus the actual camera settings. The focusing screen also has 3 mm split image rangefinder and 1 mm microprism collar focusing aids. Overall, the FM10 has the features of a typical late 1970s SLR. The FM10 accepts any lens with the Nikon F bayonet mount supporting the Aperture Indexing (AI) feature (introduced in 1977), and thus

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1184-555: The lineage of their families. The term nouveau pauvre ( French for 'new poor') was coined to refer to a person who had once owned wealth but has now lost all or most of it. This term is generally used to emphasize that the individual was previously part of a higher socioeconomic rank and that such wealth that provided the means for the acquisition of goods or luxuries is currently unobtainable. These people may or may not actually be poor, but compared to their previous rank, it seems as if they are. Nicholas Monson (grandson of

1221-478: The majority of Nikon lenses manufactured in recent decades. The modern Nikon-made AI lenses are the AF-S Nikkor, AF-I Nikkor, AF Nikkor D and Nikkor AI-S types. The discontinued Nikkor AI and Nikon Series E lenses are also AI types. Many third-party Nikon-mount lenses will also mount and function correctly on the FM10. Many of the newest Nikon and third-party F-mount lenses, and some older designs, will mount on

1258-428: The mirror box to cause damage. The Nikon SB-M dedicated flash is designed specifically for the FM10, but it will also accept any other nondedicated hot shoe mounted flash for guide number manual or flash mounted sensor automatic exposure control – the venerable Vivitar 283 (guide number 120, ASA 100/feet; 37, DIN 21/meters) was still available new a quarter century after its introduction in 1975. The FM10 does not accept

1295-454: The prominent Nikon brand on its pentaprism, and for its compatibility with a wide range of new and used Nikon and third-party lenses. It is also a fairly popular backup camera among traditionalist photographers using more sophisticated Nikon bodies. In January 2006, Nikon announced that they were discontinuing the majority of their film-based camera bodies. Along with Nikon's flagship model, the F6 ,

1332-423: The term novus homo ('new man') carried similar connotations. One can define social status in relation to wealth and to the power granted by the wealth. It has been argued that the upper , ruling classes have legitimized "... their rule with claims of status and honor and moral superiority". Ruling classes make claims in defense of the ascribed superiority of wealth inherited through "blood ... and

1369-600: Was the widest rectilinear lens ever marketed for still photography. On April 26, 2010, Cosina joined the Micro Four Thirds System Standard Group. In 2016, Cosina manufactured a Nokton 1,4/ 58 mm after 2003 a second time. For this lenses a Topcon -construction was used. Cosina's "Voigtländer" products are sometimes referred to as Cosina Voigtländer . The Cosina Voigtländer cameras and lenses have been of great personal interest to Kobayashi Hirofumi ( 小林博文 ) ( b. 1953),

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