Misplaced Pages

#852147

126-594: Nuclear Strike is a shooter video game developed and published by Electronic Arts for the PlayStation in 1997. The game is the sequel to Soviet Strike and the fifth installment in the Strike series , which began with Desert Strike on the Sega Genesis . The Soviet Strike development team also created Nuclear Strike . EA released a Windows port the same year; THQ developed and in 1999 published

252-403: A 3Dfx Voodoo card , praising the graphics of the terrain, as well as water and helicopter movements. GameFan acclaimed the attention to detail and variety in environment graphics' textures. GamePro opined that "Smooth, polished landscapes and polygon-rich explosions snazz up the graphics, but the backgrounds aren't interactive and actually look fake (especially the frozen whitecap swells in

378-518: A 9K38 Igla (SA-18 Grouse) MANPADS; in the published video, the missile severed the tail section from the rest of the helicopter, causing it to spin, fragment in midair and crash, killing the two pilots on board. The Turkish government initially stated that it had descended due to technical failure, though it later became clear that the helicopter had been shot down. Amid the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt , Turkish Cobras were alleged to have fired upon several police vehicles. During April 2022, all of

504-437: A Nintendo 64 version called Nuclear Strike 64 . Nuclear Strike is a helicopter-based game, with strategy elements added to the action gameplay. The plot concerns an elite special force  – the player's allies – pursuing a nuclear-armed rogue spy through a fictionalised Asian setting. It retains the earlier game's engine but added several modifications to improve graphical performance and make

630-438: A golden age of arcade video games that lasted until around 1983. In contrast to earlier shooting games, Space Invaders has targets that fire back at the player, who in turn has multiple lives . Designed by Tomohiro Nishikado, who combined elements from his earlier Western Gun (such as destructible environmental objects) with elements of Atari 's Breakout (1976) and science fiction media, Space Invaders established

756-589: A third-person camera view that fully displays the player character in their surroundings. Notable examples of the genre include Fortnite , the Tomb Raider series, several entries in the Resident Evil and Metal Gear Solid franchises, Syphon Filter , Max Payne , SOCOM , Star Wars: Battlefront , Gears of War , and Splatoon . Third person shooter mechanics are often incorporated into open-world adventure and sandbox games, including

882-468: A different engine arrangement. However, the Marines won out; thus, during May 1968, Bell received a contract for 49 twin-engine AH-1J SeaCobras. The AH-1J was also equipped with a more powerful gun turret in the form of the three-barrel 20 mm XM197 cannon, which was based on the six-barrel M61 Vulcan cannon. As an interim measure, the U.S. Army transferred 38 AH-1Gs to the Marines in 1969. During

1008-460: A feeling of déja vu." Rick Sanchez reviewed the Nintendo 64 version of the game for Next Generation , rating it four stars out of five, and stated that "Small flaws keep this from being perfect – target colors on the map can be confusing, for example – but overall, Nuclear Strike is a solid action game with a lot of variety and great play mechanics." Shooter game Shooter games test

1134-472: A formula of "shoot or be shot" against numerous enemies. Space shooters subsequently became the dominant genre in arcades from the late 1970s up until the early 1980s. Most of these shooting games were presented from a 2D top-down-style perspective, with either a fixed or scrolling field. Games like Space Wars (1977) by Cinematronics and Tempest (1981) by Atari used vector graphics displays rather than raster graphics , while Sega's Zaxxon (1981)

1260-576: A gun-shaped controller, typically a light gun in arcade games ; similar control methods include a positional gun, motion controller , pointing device or analog stick . The first light guns appeared in the 1930s, following the development of light-sensing vacuum tubes . It was not long before the technology began appearing in mechanical shooting arcade games , dating back to the Seeburg Ray-O-Lite in 1936. These early mechanical gun games evolved into shooting electro-mechanical games around

1386-637: A large map divided into several missions. These missions include seek-and-destroy, search-and-rescue, escorts, the destruction of bridges, supply drops and air support. In some sections the player forms part of a coordinated attack with AI-controlled allies, while in others the player directs ground troops in the style of a real-time strategy game. In addition to engaging in combat, the player must avoid running out of fuel and ammunition. The heads-up display shows this information, along with intelligence on missions objectives and on friendly and enemy units and their locations. The compass indicating mission objectives

SECTION 10

#1732790818853

1512-471: A light gun for a shooting gallery game in 1972. In 1974, Tank by Kee Games adapted the concept of Computer Space into a more grounded tank combat game with simplified physics and maze game elements, becoming a hit in arcades. Spasim and Maze War (1974) were effectively first-person shooter (FPS) games, but had wireframe graphics and lacked the free-roaming character movement of later FPS titles. In 1975, Taito 's Tomohiro Nishikado adapted

1638-568: A little bit more than just holding down the fire button continuously. In Nuclear Strike 64 , that's just about all you do." The website said: "if all you're looking for is a game where you can fly around in a helicopter, drive a tank and manipulate 10 other vehicles in a destructive fest, well, here you go." Kujawa argued that the game challenges the player to know which vehicle to use in each situation and manage their fuel, ammunition, and armor, and co-reviewers Crispin Boyer and Kelly Rickards agreed that

1764-511: A live tiger. Initially only the PlayStation version and a Windows port were planned, but the game appeared on the Nintendo 64 in 1999 as Nuclear Strike 64 . The Windows port was developed by EA Tiburon , with both the original PlayStation and Windows versions published by Electronic Arts in 1997. Nuclear Strike 64 was developed by Pacific Coast Power & Light and published by THQ . Another sequel provisionally titled Future Strike

1890-464: A more intuitive map interface, and more craft to choose from. GameFan called Nuclear Strike "a tangible improvement over its predecessor" and "a more satisfying experience all round." The writer felt the increased number of vehicles set the game apart from Soviet Strike , saying they "make for a far richer, more active playing experience." He recommended it to Soviet Strike devotees, while Power Play recommended it for fans of action games. IGN wrote

2016-568: A new experimental composite four-blade main rotor system. The new configuration offered better performance, reduced noise, and improved battle damage tolerance. Lacking a USMC contract, Bell developed this new design into the AH-1Z with its own funds. By 1996, the Marines were again prevented from ordering the AH-64. Developing a marine version of the Apache would have been expensive and it was likely that

2142-413: A result of this, many tactical shooters are commonly played from the first person perspective. Tactical shooters may combine elements from other shooter genres, such as Rainbow Six Siege , Valorant , and Squad , which combine the traditional tactical shooter style with the class-based gameplay of hero shooters. A further variant of the tactical shooter is the extraction shooter, generally defined by

2268-657: A single AH-1T to Iranian anti-aircraft fire. USMC Cobras from Saipan flew "top cover" during an evacuation of U.S. and other foreign citizens from Liberia in 1990. During the Gulf War , 78 Marine SuperCobras were deployed, flying a total of 1,273 sorties in Iraq. While no combat losses were reportedly incurred, three AH-1s were lost to accidents either during and after the combat operations. The AH-1W units were credited with destroying 97 tanks, 104 armored personnel carriers and vehicles, and two anti-aircraft artillery sites during

2394-553: A three-dimensional space, a defining feature of FPS games. The use of texture-mapped 3D polygon graphics in shooter games dates back to Sega AM2 's light gun rail shooter Virtua Cop (1994), followed by Sega's mech simulation shooter Metal Head (1995) and Parallax Software 's FPS game Descent (1995). GoldenEye 007 (1997) for the Nintendo 64 later combined the FPS sub-genre with light gun rail shooter elements from Virtua Cop , popularizing FPS games on consoles. In

2520-674: A total of two AH-1Ts were shot down and three crew members killed. That same year, Marine AH-1s were also deployed off the coast of Beirut , Lebanon , amid the Lebanese civil war in support of the Multinational Peacekeeping Force. In this theatre, the AH-1s were typically armed with Sidewinder missiles and guns, which were intended to be used as an emergency air defense measure to counter the threat of light civil aircraft being piloted by suicide bombers . During

2646-401: A type of strategy game . Battle royale games are a subgenre of action games that combine last-man-standing gameplay with survival game elements, and frequently includes shooter elements. It is almost exclusively multiplayer in nature, and eschews the complex crafting and resource gathering mechanics of survival games for a faster-paced confrontation game more typical of shooters. The genre

SECTION 20

#1732790818853

2772-438: A violent or non-violent game, determined that the students who played the violent game were more susceptible to primed aggressive thoughts. Further studies have shown that there are some limitations with the research. Many research studies have not taken into account that violent video games tend to be more competitive, have a higher playing difficulty, and are more fast paced than non-violent games. Past research also shows that

2898-802: A wingtip station. During October 2020, the last AH-1Ws were phased out of service with the Marine Corps in favor of the AH-1Z. During the closing months of the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War , the Marine Corps embarked the AH-1J SeaCobra assigned to HMA-369 (now HMLA-369) aboard Denver , Cleveland , and later Dubuque , for sea-based interdiction of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in North Vietnam in

3024-519: Is Colonel Beauford LeMonde ( Bo Hopkins ), a spy-turned-warlord who has stolen a nuclear weapon. Allied to STRIKE in Indocine is guerrilla leader Naja Hana ( Moon Bloodgood ), whose forces join the player in attacking LeMonde's forces. Meanwhile, LeMonde bluffs STRIKE by arming a fake nuclear bomb in an old temple compound, which results in Naja attempting to locate the warhead and LeMonde. At the same time,

3150-407: Is a feature new to Nuclear Strike , as is a radar showing the positions of nearby enemies. The game is the second 32-bit Strike game: the sequel to Soviet Strike and the fifth installment in the Strike series , which began with Desert Strike on the Sega Genesis . It was developed at Electronic Arts ' Granite Bay Software, by a 50-member team led by producer Michael Kosaka and including

3276-757: Is a fictional Super Apache, with additional helicopters including the Cobra and other Hueys . Playable jets include the Harrier jump jet and a fictional V/STOL version of the A-10 Thunderbolt II . The player can use surface vehicles including the M1 Abrams tank, Bradley armoured vehicle, the Multiple Launch Rocket System and a PACV hovercraft . The game features five different terrain settings, with each level played on

3402-449: Is considered to be the codifier of the hero shooter genre. Popular hero shooters include Overwatch , Paladins , Apex Legends , and Valorant . Hero shooters have been considered to have strong potential as esports games as a large degree of skill and coordination arises from the importance of teamwork. Tactical shooters are shooters that generally simulate realistic squad -based or man-to-man skirmishes. Notable examples of

3528-450: Is eventually destroyed, LeMonde himself is killed, and Naja and Cash fall in love, while STRIKE prepares for its next conflict. Nuclear Strike is a helicopter-based shooter game with a blend of both strategy and action, which the player views from outside the helicopter from an overhead perspective. It is similar to previous games in the series, but has 15 playable vehicles, a larger number than any of its predecessors. The main helicopter

3654-642: Is named after the Japanese film Battle Royale (2000) which itself was based on the 1999 novel of the same name , and was popularized in video games with PUBG Battlegrounds and Fortnite Battle Royale . The concept of shooting games existed before video games , dating back to shooting gallery carnival games in the late 19th century, as well as target sports such as shooting sports , bowling , cue sports , archery and darts . Mechanical gun games first appeared in England 's amusement arcades around

3780-532: The Elder Scrolls series and the Grand Theft Auto franchise. Arena shooters are multiplayer games that feature fast paced gameplay that emphasize quick speed and agile movement, and played out on levels or maps of limited size (the "arena"). Many of these are presented as first-person shooters, and thus "arena FPS" may also be used to describe a subset of these games. Examples of these include

3906-637: The Marathon series. Looter shooters are shooter games where the player's overarching goal is the accumulation of loot : weapons, equipment, armor, accessories and resources. To achieve this players complete tasks framed as quests, missions or campaigns and are rewarded with better weapons, gear and accessories as a result, with the qualities, attributes and perks of such gear generated randomly following certain rarity scales (also known as loot tables). The better gear allows players to take on more difficult missions with potentially more powerful rewards, forming

Nuclear Strike - Misplaced Pages Continue

4032-520: The Quake and Unreal series, more specifically Quake III Arena and Unreal Tournament which first pioneered the genre. Arena shooters can also be played from other perspectives, such as via a top-down view in games like Robotron 2084 and Geometry Wars . Arena shooters frequently emphasize multiplayer modes with few or no single-player modes outside of practice matches with computer-controlled opponents. The genre hit its peak in popularity in

4158-703: The Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter over a two-week period in September 1981, which included shipboard operation tests. Furthermore, various concepts were studied at this time. However, the service's request for funding to purchase the AH-64 was denied by Congress that same year. As an alternative option, the Marines procured a more powerful version of the AH-1T. Other changes included modified fire control systems to carry and fire AIM-9 Sidewinder and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles. The new version, which

4284-577: The Department of Defense , who were keen to promote commonality across the services, in May 1968, an order for an initial 49 twin-engine AH-1J SeaCobras was issued to Bell. The type entered service during the final months of the US's involvement in the Vietnam War , seeing limited action in the theatre as a result. The USMC promptly sought greater payload capacity than that provided by the original Sea Cobra; thus

4410-606: The Iran–Iraq War —which saw the most intensive use of helicopters in any conventional war. Iranian AH-1Js (particularly the TOW-capable ones) were "exceptionally effective" in anti-armor warfare, inflicting heavy losses on Iraqi armored and vehicle formations. In operations over the barren terrain in Khuzestan and later in southern Iraq, beside the standard tactics, Iranian pilots developed special, effective tactics, often in

4536-563: The MBB Bo 105 and MD 500 helicopters. The requirement resulted in an order for 42 AH-1W SuperCobras being placed during 1992. Deliveries of this batch ran from 1993 to 1997. During 1997, it was announced that an additional 21 AH-1Ws had been ordered. The Ministry of National Defense assigned the helicopters to the ROC Army Aviation Training Centre and a pair of Army Aviation attack helicopter brigades. During

4662-567: The NES , Operation Wolf , Lethal Enforcers , the Virtua Cop series, Time Crisis series, The House of the Dead series, and Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles & Darkside Chronicles . First-person shooters are characterized by an on-screen representation of the player character 's perspective within a three-dimensional space , with the player having control and agency over

4788-546: The South China Sea , where LeMonde is discovered dealing with Napoleon Hwong (Philip Tan), head of a fictional Triad -like criminal organization known as the Octad. The player recruits mercenary Harding Cash (Jamie Donovan) to battle the pirate warlord in an attempt to recover the missing nuclear weapon. After defeating Hwong's forces, the player and Harding manage to capture and interrogate Hwong for information concerning

4914-569: The Vietnam War . The Cobra shared the proven transmission, rotor system, and the Lycoming T53 turboshaft engine of the prolific UH-1 "Huey" utility helicopter. By June 1967, the first AH-1G HueyCobras had been delivered. Between 1967 and 1973, Bell manufactured 1,116 AH-1Gs for the U.S. Army; these Cobras chalked up in excess of one million operational hours in the Vietnam theatre. The U.S. Marine Corps became particularly interested in

5040-415: The immersive sim genre. Boomer shooter is a term used to describe newer FPS games (2010s and later) that are purposely designed to emulate the style and design principles of 1990s FPS games like Doom and Quake . The name "boomer shooter" is derived from the baby boomer generation, where "boomer" has since become slang for anything old or antiquated. According to New Blood Interactive CEO Dave Oshry,

5166-446: The player characters move and jump around shooting with various guns and other long-range weapons. These games emphasize greater maneuvering or even jumping , such as Green Beret , Thexder , Contra and Metal Slug . Shooting gallery games (also known as "target shooting" games) are a sub-genre of shooters where the player aims at moving targets on a stationary screen. They are distinguished from rail shooters, which move

Nuclear Strike - Misplaced Pages Continue

5292-519: The "Killerspiele" (killing games) in Germany and the European Union. Shooter games were further criticized when Anders Behring Breivik , perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks , claimed that he developed target acquisition skills by playing Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 . This has led to a plethora of experimental research to determine the true effects. Experimental Research, focusing on

5418-413: The "perfect" difficulty level. GameFan took issue with enemies shooting the player's vehicle while not visible on-screen. GameSpot's minor complaints were infrequent game saves, a "too easy" structure allowing supply lines to be destroyed before the main forces, a short game despite large missions and a lack of multiplayer. Allgame felt Nuclear Strike "is really nothing more than a repackaged version of

5544-489: The 100-hour ground campaign. USMC Cobras were also used in various other operations throughout the 1990s. The type provided support for the U.S. humanitarian intervention in Somalia, Operation Restore Hope , during 1992–1993. They were also employed during the U.S. invasion of Haiti during 1994. USMC Cobras were used in U.S. military interventions in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s; specifically, two AH-1Ws assisted in

5670-507: The 1970s, the Marine Corps requested greater load carrying capability in high temperatures for the Cobra. Bell used systems from its Model 309 to develop a new model, the AH-1T, that was provisioned with a lengthened tailboom and fuselage as well as the upgraded transmission and engines from the Model 309. Bell designed the AH-1T to be more reliable and easier to maintain in the field. The version

5796-504: The 1980s, Iranian Sea Cobras were intensely used, proving itself to be capable in both anti-armor and anti-aircraft warfare. Turkey , who operated numerous Cobras and Super Cobras, used the type on multiple occasions against Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) insurgents. On numerous occasions in the 1990s, USMC AH-1s were deployed during the Gulf War of the early 1990s, as well as for the United States invasion of Haiti in 1994, and

5922-597: The 2000s. Due to its violent nature, some consider the shooter game genre to be a representation of real world violence. Debates regarding video games causing violence were exacerbated by the 1999 Columbine High School massacre , whose perpetrators, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold , were fans of the game Doom. Similarly, in Germany, school shootings such as those at Erfurt , Emsdetten and Winnenden , resulted in conservative politicians accusing violent shooter games, most notably Counter Strike , of inciting young gamers to run amok. Several attempts were made to ban

6048-519: The 2010s, Taiwan began supplementing its SuperCobras with 30 newly purchased AH-64Es. Into the 2020s, Taiwan continues to operate its SuperCobras; during January 2021, a NT$ 339.24 million (US$ 11.91 million) contract with the US was signed for the provision of technical support and spare parts the AH-1W fleet through to September 2027. During the early 1990s, Turkey bought ten AH-1W SuperCobras; these were supplemented by 32 ex-US Army AH-1 Cobras. The sale

6174-523: The AH-1G Cobra, but expressed its preference for a twin-engined configuration that would provide improved safety in over-water operations. Furthermore, the service also sought a more potent turret-mounted weapon. Initially, the Department of Defense had balked at providing the Marines with a twin-engine version of the Cobra in the belief that commonality with the Army's AH-1Gs outweighed the advantages of

6300-532: The AH-1Js were lost during the conflict to combat, accidents, and simple wear and tear. Ali Akbar Shiroodi and Ahmad Keshvari were two distinguished Iranian Cobra pilots during Iran-Iraq War and are considered wartime heroes in Iran. During 1988, two Soviet MiG-23s shot down a pair of Iranian AH-1Js that had strayed into western Afghan airspace. Into the twenty-first century, Iranian AH-1Js remain in service with

6426-602: The AH-1T, equipped with the dynamic systems of the Model 309 and a lengthened fuselage, was produced by Bell during the 1970s. In the following decade, in response to the denial of funding to procure the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, the USMC opted to procure a more capable variant of the AH-1T; equipped with revised fire control systems compatible with new munitions, such as the AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missile,

SECTION 50

#1732790818853

6552-699: The AH-1W for multiple export customers. In May 1997, the company signed an agreement with the Romanian State Ownership Fund to buy the government's 70 percent stake in IAR Brașov. However, during November 1999, following protracted negotiations, Bell announced that it had abandoned its acquisition efforts, and thus the overseas production initiative, after the Romanian government had allegedly ceased responding to its proposals. The AH-1T+ demonstrator and AH-1W prototype were later tested with

6678-595: The DMZ and assists US Forces Korea and the South Korean Army in repelling the assault. Having prevented another Korean War, STRIKE, together with Naja and Cash, attacks an old Mongol-era fortress in Siberia, where LeMonde has brought in mercenaries to fortify it as he prepares the launch of a "proto-nuclear" missile designed to rupture the ozone layer. LeMonde's forces are eventually routed, the proto-nuclear missile

6804-651: The Iran–Iraq War. The results of these engagements are disputed. One document cited that Iranian AH-1Js took on Iraqi Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters. Sources report that the Iranian AH-1 pilots achieved a 10:1 kill ratio over the Iraqi helicopter pilots during these engagements (1:5). Additionally, one source states that ten Iranian AH-1Js were lost in the war, compared to six Iraqi Mi-24s lost. The skirmishes are described as fairly evenly matched in another source. The Mi-24

6930-550: The Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation and have undergone indigenous upgrade programs . By the 2020s, there was an increasing expectation that, amid a combination of factors such as accumulated fatigue , increasingly outdated capabilities, and a shortage of spare components, Iran will probably seek to replace its AH-1Js before too long, possibly with Russian-sourced Mi-24s. During 1984, Taiwan announced its requirement for attack helicopters; it subsequently evaluated

7056-592: The Marine Corps would be its only customer. Instead, the service signed a contract for the upgrading of AH-1Ws into AH-1Zs. The Bell AH-1Z Viper retained much of the AH-1W's design, but also features several major changes. The AH-1Z's two redesigned wing stubs are longer with each adding a wingtip station for a missile such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder . Each wing has two other stations for 70 mm (2.75 in) Hydra rocket pods, or AGM-114 Hellfire quad missile launcher. The Longbow radar can be mounted on

7182-515: The PlayStation version, Super GamePower predicted the improved explosion effects, missions and wider range of vehicles would make it the best in the series. In its review, the magazine said the game contained nothing new for fans of the previous games, but felt the control system, explosions, helicopter sound effects to be excellent. Next Generation said: "Those who enjoyed Soviet Strike are certain to like Nuclear Strike even more", but said

7308-524: The US intervention in the Yugoslav Wars in the late 1990s. In the twenty-first century, the type also saw action in the multi-decade War in Afghanistan , and the 2003 invasion of Iraq . During October 2020, the USMC withdrew the last of its AH-1Ws in favor of exclusively operating the AH-1Z. The AH-1 Cobra was developed in the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army for use during

7434-572: The United States. This model featured improvements such as the uprated P&WC T400-WV-402 engine and a strengthened drivetrain. Furthermore, recoil damping gear was fitted to the 20 mm M197 gun turret, while the gunner was provided with a stabilized sight along with a stabilized seat. Of the AH-1Js operated by the Imperial Iranian Army Aviation , 62 were capable of using the TOW missile . Iranian AH-1Js participated in

7560-450: The air upon destruction. Edge called said the terrain graphics were "some of the best yet on the PlayStation", but there were otherwise no ground-breaking visuals. GameFan praised the "super stylish" full motion video. Kraig Kujawa of Electronic Gaming Monthly described it as "snazzy, MTV -style", while his co-reviewer Shawn Smith said it was impressive enough for him to yearn for a Nuclear Strike feature-length film. Allgame felt

7686-648: The background or from the sides. One of the earliest examples is the 1985 arcade game Shootout produced by Data East. As light gun games and rail shooters became more prevalent and started to make use of scrolling backgrounds, such as Operation Wolf , or fully 3D backgrounds, such as the Time Crisis or House of the Dead series, these sorts of games fell out of popular production, but many like Blood Bros. still have their fanbase today. Other notable games of this category include Cabal and Wild Guns . Light gun shooters are shooters designed for use with

SECTION 60

#1732790818853

7812-678: The character's movement and action within that space. While many rail shooters and light-gun shooters also use a first-person perspective , they are generally not included in this category, as the player generally lacks agency to move their character within the game world. Notable examples of the genre include Doom , Quake , Counter-Strike , GoldenEye 007 , Battlefield , Medal of Honor , Unreal , Call of Duty , Killzone , TimeSplitters , Team Fortress 2 and Halo , while games such as Half-Life and System Shock would combine shooter gameplay with narrative-focused or role-playing game elements to instead branch off into

7938-488: The concept of Sega's EM game Gun Fight into a video game, Western Gun (1975), with the cowboys represented as character sprites and both players able to maneuver across a landscape while shooting each other, making it a milestone for depicting human shooting targets. Western Gun became an arcade hit, which, along with Tank , popularized a subgenre of one-on-one dueling video games. Midway's North American localization of Western Gun , called Gun Fight , also introduced

8064-561: The earlier game". The reviewer felt there to be limited motivation for owners of Soviet Strike to buy the new sequel other than the FMV. GamePro similarly said it "is simply more of the same. Even with the enhancements, the game plays exactly like the previous strikes ..." Boyer likewise said it "looks and plays just like Soviet Strike ", but his three EGM co-reviewers all contended that it fixed all of its predecessor's problems with sharper graphics, smoother scrolling, clearer mission objectives,

8190-609: The early 1980s, such as Sega's isometric shooter Zaxxon and pseudo-3D rail shooter Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom (1982) demonstrating the potential of 3D shoot 'em up gameplay. Shooter games diversified by the mid-1980s, with first-person light gun shooting gallery games such as Nintendo 's Duck Hunt (1984), pseudo-3D third-person rail shooters such as Sega's Space Harrier (1985) and After Burner (1987), and military-themed scrolling run and gun video games such as Capcom 's Commando (1985), Konami 's Green Beret (1985) and SNK 's Ikari Warriors (1986). In

8316-466: The enjoyment "isn't bad", but limited: "You can only blow up so much stuff with a helicopter." Glenn Rubenstein of GameSpot in his PlayStation review called the game tired and mediocre, but reviewing the Windows version, Shane Mooney wrote: "I'm happy to say that the much-maligned action-heavy, plot-light genre has received a solid kick in the pants from the wonderfully fun Nuclear Strike." Mooney praised

8442-401: The environment from its CD, resulting in no perceptible loading time, while the terrain itself is persistent: damage such as cratering remains for the duration of play. The team improved the artificial intelligence and added more camera angles, though the game like its predecessors still eschews any in-cockpit perspective. Soviet Strike received criticism regarding the player's limited view of

8568-640: The final game. Heat-seeking missiles were among the new additions, as was a proprietary technology termed the Interactive Music System. This generates more intense music depending on the level of action occurring in-game. Palomar Studios created the full motion video, for which some footage was shot in both Thailand and the Bronson Cave , used as the Batcave in the 1960s television incarnation of Batman . This latter shoot also employed

8694-475: The first video games, was also the first shooter video game; it featured two players controlling spacecraft trying to fire onto the other player. Spacewar! was the basis for the first arcade video games , Computer Space and Galaxy Game , in 1971. In the 1970s, EM gun games evolved into light gun shooter video games. The first home video game console , the Magnavox Odyssey , shipped with

8820-434: The game is extremely challenging. Allgame summarised: "When all is said and done, Nuclear Strike 64 is a fine example of an excellent shooting game." The reviewer believed that gamers would appreciate the game's longevity and variety. Game Revolution praised the helpful interface and responsive controls and said the mechanics were generally good, but complained of an occasionally inaccurate targeting system. The website acclaimed

8946-411: The game more accessible. The game features 15 playable vehicles, a large increase from previous games. In addition to the main fictionalised Apache , there are secondary helicopters, jets, armor and a hovercraft. The player also commands ground troops in occasional real-time strategy sections. The game received mixed reviews. Critics noted a weak storyline, but praised the full-motion video, as well as

9072-456: The game to be worth playing for the FMV alone, calling it the "best aspect of the game" and "an awesome video presentation that, combined with a number of high quality voice-acting jobs, does a great job of conferring the intensity and danger of the nuclear dilemma at hand." Game Revolution noted the strong production values of most of the FMV and while a minority had "back yard" production, they nevertheless used quality actors and "fairly impressed"

9198-465: The game was a "fine example" of the series, also citing a broader range of vehicles over Soviet Strike . Nonetheless, it gave Nuclear Strike a lower score than the game's predecessor, saying "at its heart Nuclear Strike is the same game as Soviet Strike [...] It's not a bad game, it's just more of the same." GameFan's reviewers called Nuclear Strike "the definitive strike game" and said it "trounces all other Strikes that have come before." Previewing

9324-460: The game's compulsion loop . Loot shooters are inspired by similar loot-based action role-playing games like Diablo . Examples of loot shooters include the Borderlands franchise, Warframe , Destiny and its sequel , and Tom Clancy's The Division and its sequel . Artillery games have been described as a type of "shooting game", though they are more frequently classified as

9450-426: The gameplay style of Escape from Tarkov . These games are often "player versus player versus environment" (PvPvE), where players are grouped into teams and placed on a map with the goal to reach an extraction point elsewhere on the map while avoiding the opposing team and non-player character enemies. During their attempt to reach the extraction point, the players may try to loot the opposing team or other features on

9576-544: The games are almost indistinguishable. Game Revolution acknowledged the game is "basically the same rehash of its predecessors, but it stands as a great game on its own. Nuclear Strike is a definite buy for fans who haven't tired of the series, and at least a 'rent me' for those who have been locked in the closet and haven't played any 'Strike' games." Edge said: "Fans of the series lusting after more above-viewed shooting action will naturally welcome this latest regurgitation. The seasoned gamer, however, will no doubt walk away with

9702-539: The genre in a different direction from the "more deterministic, scripted, pattern-type" gameplay of Japanese games, towards a more "programmer-centric design culture, emphasizing algorithmic generation of backgrounds and enemy dispatch" and "an emphasis on random-event generation, particle-effect explosions and physics" as seen in arcade games such as his own Defender (1981) and Robotron: 2084 (1982) as well as Atari 's Asteroids (1979). Nevertheless, Japanese developers occasionally released defining space shooters in

9828-550: The genre include Ubisoft's Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six and Ghost Recon series and Bohemia Software's Operation Flashpoint . A common feature of tactical shooters that is not present in many other shooters is the ability for the player character to lean out of cover, increasing the granularity of a player's movement and stance options to enhance the realism of the game. Tactical shooters also commonly feature more extensive equipment management, more complex healing systems, and greater depth of simulation compared to other shooters. As

9954-667: The larger Huey family , includes the AH-1J SeaCobra , the AH-1T Improved SeaCobra , and the AH-1W SuperCobra . The Super Cobra was derived from the single-engined AH-1 Cobra , which had been developed during the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army. The USMC had quickly taken an interest in the type, but sought a twin-engined arrangement for greater operational safety at sea, along with more capable armaments. While initially opposed by

10080-475: The late 1980s, Taito's Operation Wolf (1987) popularized military-themed first-person light gun rail shooters. Doom (1993) by id Software is considered the first major popular first-person shooter (FPS), and it was a major leap forward for three-dimensional environments in shooter games as well as action games in general. While first-person perspectives had been used by rail shooter and shooting gallery games, they lacked player-guided navigation through

10206-445: The late 1990s, FPS games became increasingly popular while rail shooters declined in popularity, as FPS games were generally able to offer more variety, depth and sophistication than rail shooters. One of the last mainstream light gun rail shooter franchises was The House of the Dead horror game series in the late 1990s, which along with Resident Evil had a significant cultural impact on zombie media including zombie films by

10332-436: The late 90s and early 2000s. Hero shooters are a variation of multiplayer first- or third-person shooters, where players form into two or more teams and select from pre-designed "hero" characters, with each possessing distinctive abilities and/or weapons that are specific to them. Hero shooters strongly encourage teamwork between players on a team, guiding players to select effective combinations of hero characters and coordinate

10458-431: The levels are controlled from an overhead viewpoint, such as Bosconian and Time Pilot ; rail shooters where player movement is automatically guided down a fixed forward-scrolling "rail", such as Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom and Space Harrier ; and isometric shooters which use an isometric perspective, such as Zaxxon and Viewpoint . Run and gun video games are 2D scrolling action games in which

10584-414: The map for gear, which if they successfully reach the extraction point, they can keep and use to improve their character. Alternatively, they may have other assigned objectives to complete before extraction for better rewards. Gameplay is more slow and tactical for survival rather than straightforward run-and-gun. Other examples of extraction shooters include The Cycle: Frontier and the upcoming revival of

10710-552: The mid-1980s, the AH-1W variant entered service with the USMC. Between, 1986 to 1999, the service took delivery of 179 Super Cobras. In the late 1980s, in response to the Tanker War of the wider Iran–Iraq War , USMC Cobras were dispatched for Operation Earnest Will in the Persian Gulf to escort shipping and deter attacks upon them. It was during these missions that Cobras sank three Iranian patrol boats while losing

10836-405: The mid-20th century, and in turn evolved into light gun shooter video games in the 1970s. Early mechanical light gun games used small targets (usually moving) onto which a light-sensing tube was mounted; the player used a gun (usually a rifle) that emitted a beam of light when the trigger was pulled. If the beam struck the target, a "hit" was scored. Modern screen-based video game light guns work on

10962-594: The music and sound effects. Reviewers enjoyed the straightforward gameplay, but several complained of a close similarity to its predecessor Soviet Strike and questioned the game's value as a result. The game begins in Indocine, a fictional Southeast Asian country. The player controls a Super Apache helicopter as part of the STRIKE covert operations force, led by General Earle (John Marzilli) and assisted by technician Hack ( Antwon Tanner ) and propagandist and covert operative Andrea Gray (Susan Turner-Cray). The antagonist

11088-409: The new model, designated AH-1W, commenced delivery in 1986. Seeking to further develop the type, Bell opted to develop the extensively redesigned and modernised Bell AH-1Z Viper during the 1990s and 2000s. The Sea Cobra was involved in multiple major operations during the latter half of the twentieth century, such as during the United States invasion of Grenada in 1983. During the Iran–Iraq War of

11214-488: The new radar, a new compass indicating the direction of the next objective and more visual and audio clues. Producer Kosaka explained: "A lot of the stuff we couldn't fit in [ Soviet Strike ] is going in this one". The team added several new vehicles, as well as continuing the occasional real time strategy sections found in Soviet Strike . The jets proved problematic in early testing due to their speed, but appeared in

11340-467: The nuclear weapon (stashed inside Kim Il Sung 's statue on Mansudae Hill). Using a small helicopter and nonlethal weapons, the player is able to spirit the delegates to a French frigate somewhere in the Taedong River and get them out of the country; other delegates left behind are sent to bomb shelters or are evacuated by STRIKE Chinook transports. Also, between escorting the delegates to safety,

11466-416: The ocean)." Reviewing the Windows version, Allgame called the graphics "decent", but criticised the minimal progress from Soviet Strike which resulted in "a slightly archaic look" and lack of "a feel of individuality". Reviewing Nuclear Strike 64 , the website noted that the graphics ably handled numerous explosions and enemies. The reviewer praised the detail, colours and fluid motion. He also acknowledged

11592-602: The operation, AH-1Ws flew combat missions from the deck of USS  San Antonio after that ship replaced Wasp in October 2016. In October 2020, the U.S. Marine Corps retired the last of its AH-1Ws after 34 years of service, having replacing the type with the Bell AH-1Z Viper . By the time of their retirement, the model had collectively accumulated 933,614 flight hours. In 1971, Iran purchased 202 examples of an improved AH-1J, named "AH-1J International", from

11718-470: The opposite principle—the sensor is built into the gun itself, and the on-screen target(s) emit light rather than the gun. The first light gun of this type was used on the MIT Whirlwind computer, which used a similar light pen . Like rail shooters, movement is typically limited in light-gun games. Notable games of this category include the 1974 and 1984 versions of Wild Gunman , Duck Hunt for

11844-569: The player and Andrea manage to take over an AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from a museum while fending off Kym's security forces in the process. The missing nuclear weapon explodes as the player sits out the blast in the Rungnado May Day Stadium . North Korea blames the nuclear explosion on the South and sends its forces across the DMZ in an attempt to start a second Korean War while LeMonde heads to Russia . STRIKE heads down to

11970-501: The player is sent on a wild goose chase attacking a decoy convoy thought to have the nuclear bomb being transported away from Indocine. In actuality, LeMonde escapes capture long before STRIKE can catch up to him and he manages to smuggle the real nuclear bomb away from Indocine off-screen. This prompts the player to extract Naja from the now booby-trapped compound before the whole compound blows up. Nonetheless, his forces are eventually defeated in Indocine and STRIKE moves their operations to

12096-447: The player may move, up, down, left or right around the screen, typically firing straight forward. Shoot 'em ups share common gameplay, but are often categorized by viewpoint. This includes fixed shooters on fixed screens, such as Space Invaders and Galaxian ; scrolling shooters that mainly scroll in a single direction, such as Xevious and Darius ; top-down shooters (sometimes referred to as twin-stick shooters ) where

12222-463: The player through levels on a fixed path, and first-person shooters, which allow player-guided navigation through a three-dimensional space. Shooting gallery games can be light gun games and rail-shooters, although many can also be played using a regular joypad and an on-screen cursor to signify where the bullets are being aimed. When these debuted, they were typically played from a first-person perspective , with enemy fire that occurred anywhere on

12348-422: The player's spatial awareness, reflexes, and speed in both isolated single player or networked multiplayer environments. Shooter games encompass many subgenres that have the commonality of focusing on the actions of the avatar engaging in combat with a weapon against both code-driven NPC enemies or other avatars controlled by other players. Shoot 'em ups (also known as shmups) are a subgenre of shooters wherein

12474-545: The protagonists fight on foot, often with the ability to jump . Run and gun games may use side-scrolling , vertical scrolling or isometric viewpoints and may feature multidirectional movement. Top-down run and gun games use an overhead camera angle that shows players and the areas around them from above. Notable games in this category include Commando , Ikari Warriors , Shock Troopers and Shock Troopers: 2nd Squad . Side-scrolling run and gun games combine elements of both shoot 'em up and platform games , while

12600-719: The rescue of USAF Captain Scott O'Grady , after his F-16 was shot down by a SAM in June 1995. During the twenty-first century, USMC Cobras participated in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and in Operation Iraqi Freedom in the conflict in Iraq . While new replacement aircraft were considered as an alternative to major upgrades of the AH-1 fleet, Marine Corps studies showed that an upgrade

12726-423: The reviewer, though he criticised the " MTV -like editing". Edge also noted the "MTV-style presentation" and called it "stylish" and atmospheric. Reviewing Nuclear Strike 64 , Allgame praised the atmospheric music as "reminiscent of a large budget political spy thriller". The reviewer said: "what really cranks up the adrenaline and ramps up the immersion factor in the game is the great sound effects." Allgame said

12852-414: The same core group of designers, programmers, artists and composers that developed Soviet Strike . Series creator Mike Posehn received royalties for Nuclear Strike but did not work on programming the game. The game retained Soviet Strike's engine, with several modifications. The development team increased the frame rate by 25% over its predecessor, resulting in a faster and smoother feel. The game streams

12978-465: The same manner as the Soviets did with their Mi-24s . Due to the post-Revolution weapons sanctions, Iranians had to make do with what was at hand: they equipped the AH-1Js with AGM-65 Maverick missiles and used them with some success in several operations. Starting from October 1980, the AH-1Js engaged in air-to-air combat with Iraqi Mil Mi-24 helicopters on several, separate occasions during

13104-428: The screen damaging or killing the player. As they evolved away from the use of light guns, the player came to be represented by an on-screen avatar, usually someone on the bottom of the screen, who could move and avoid enemy attacks while returning fire. These sorts of shooters almost always utilize horizontal scrolling to the right to indicate level progression, with enemies appearing in waves from predestined locations in

13230-407: The short term effects, found that playing violent games can increase the player's aggression. In a 2011 Supreme Court case involving a California law, Justice Antonio Scalia stated that there was some correlation between violent video games and increased aggression, but very little real-world effects. An experiment by C.A. Anderson and K.E. Dill, in which they had undergraduates randomly play either

13356-464: The story was written by Steinbeck or Stymy the Hack, as long as they get to see THX -rattling fireballs and bad guys bleeding from every orifice." IGN noted improved graphics, which it favourably compared to those of a John Woo film. GameSpot called the graphics as "about as good as it gets", particularly with a 3D video card . The New Straits Times also appreciated the game's performance with

13482-487: The successful port from the console version and believed players would "find plenty to slobber over in this extremely entertaining title." GamePro assessed that "newcomers [to the Strike series] may find the action too involved, while Command & Conquer cadets may find the blast-and-fly-past strategy too simple." Daily Radar said: "When it comes to creating an action game, it would be nice to play something that requires

13608-561: The surroundings and attacks from the enemies found there. To offset this potential problem, the developers added a radar to the HUD, which displayed surrounding enemies to the player. Gamers also criticized the difficulty of Soviet Strike . A high difficulty level being traditional to the Strike series, the team did not wish to alienate long-term fans by making Nuclear Strike directly easier, but instead made it more accessible, using such devices as

13734-428: The term originated following the release of Dusk (2018), with fans of that game quickly coining the term. Newer triple-A games like Wolfenstein: The New Order (2014) and Doom (2016) helped to repopularize these styles of shooters in the mid-2010s, and indie developers further contributed to the field with games like Amid Evil , Ion Fury , and Ultrakill . Third-person shooters are characterized by

13860-451: The terrain graphics but called the vehicles "horrible". Power Play praised the impressive graphics and destructible scenery. Game Revolution also praised the persistent battlefields: "What really stands out is the ability to interact with everything. When you shoot water, you see and hear the splashes. You can blow up almost anything that they've put on the map" but noted the sometimes unrealistic results, such as ships being launched high into

13986-777: The turn of the 20th century, before appearing in America by the 1920s. The British cinematic shooting gallery game Life Targets (1912) was a mechanical interactive film game where players shot at a cinema screen displaying film footage of targets. The first light guns appeared in the 1930s, with the Seeburg Ray-O-Lite. Games using this toy rifle were mechanical and the rifle fired beams of light at targets wired with sensors. Shooting gallery games eventually evolved into more sophisticated shooting electro-mechanical games (EM games) such as Sega 's influential Periscope (1965). Contemporary shooting video games have roots in older EM shooting games. Another influential Sega EM shooting game

14112-399: The use of a microprocessor . In 1976, Midway had another hit shooting video game, Sea Wolf (1976), which was adapted from another Sega EM game, Periscope . The genre gained major attraction in popular culture with the release of Taito 's Space Invaders arcade video game in 1978. It established the basis of the shoot 'em up subgenre, and became a cultural phenomenon that led into

14238-425: The use of hero abilities during a match. Outside of a match, players have the ability to customize the appearance of these characters, but these changes are usually cosmetic only and do not alter the game's balance or the behavior of the "hero". Hero shooters take many of their design elements from older class-based shooter, multiplayer online battle arena and fighting games . The class-based shooter Team Fortress 2

14364-473: The use of the N64's Expansion Pak , but said "the game still moves and looks very nice" without it. Game Revolution felt: "This is definitely the best-looking 'Strike' game yet." It praised the "gorgeously rendered" maps and the detail on structures and units, while Next Generation complained of "water that doesn't ripple and a few other missing touches" resulting in a somewhat haphazard feel. Daily Radar praised

14490-637: The vicinity of Hon La (Tiger) Island. These were termed Marine Hunter-Killer (MARHUK) Operations and lasted from June to December 1972. As such, the type participated in the final American combat operations in Vietnam. Several AH-1Js were present to cover the evacuation of the US Embassy in Saigon in April 1975. During 1983, Marine Cobras took part in the invasion of Grenada . They were typically used to perform close air support and helicopter escort missions;

14616-546: The way aggression was measured in the studies could be compared to the way competitiveness is measured, leaving open the question of whether or not the effects of violent video games are forms of aggression or competitiveness. Bell AH-1 SuperCobra The Bell AH-1 SuperCobra is a twin-engined attack helicopter that was developed on behalf of, and primarily operated by, the United States Marine Corps (USMC). The twin Cobra family, itself part of

14742-462: The whereabouts of the nuke long enough before Hwong commits suicide. The player eventually heads to Pyongyang , North Korea , where the stolen nuke is located. LeMonde resurfaces in Pyongyang, where North Korean ruler Kym Zung-Lee invites several world leaders to a peace conference. The two plan to kidnap the world leaders, especially since Kim financed LeMonde's operations in Indocine and getting

14868-410: Was Gun Fight (1969), where two players control cowboy figurines on opposing sides of a playfield full of obstacles, with each player attempting to shoot the opponent's cowboy. It had a Western theme and was one of the first games to feature competitive head-to-head shooting between two players, inspiring several early Western-themed shooter video games. Spacewar! (1962), recognized as one of

14994-554: Was faster and more powerful, but the AH-1J was more agile. There were even engagements between Iranian AH-1Js and Iraqi fixed-wing aircraft. The AH-1Js scored three confirmed kills against MiG-21s , claimed a Su-20 , and shared in the destruction of a MiG-23 —all using their 20 mm M197 cannon . During early 1984, an Iranian AH-1J Sea Cobra was shot down by an Iraqi Pilatus PC-7 during Operation Kheibar (Iranian pilots Reza Moghadam and Mohammad Yazdi were rescued). About half of

15120-529: Was funded by Congress, received the AH-1W designation. During March 1986, deliveries of the AH-1W SuperCobra commenced, eventually totaling 179 new-built helicopters along with the upgrading of 43 existing AH-1Ts. During the late 1990s, Bell was negotiating to acquire the Romanian state-managed helicopter manufacturer IAR Brașov with the intention of establishing an overseas production line for

15246-543: Was given full TOW missile capability with targeting system and other sensors. An advanced version, known as the AH-1T+, that was equipped with more powerful T700-GE-700 engines and advanced avionics, was proposed to Iran in the late 1970s, but the overthrow of the Shah of Iran in the late 1970s resulted in the sale being canceled. In the early 1980s, the Marine Corps sought a new navalized helicopter; accordingly, it evaluated

15372-404: Was later planned, but the game was eventually released as Future Cop: LAPD , a mech -based shooter game. Daily Radar found the story lacking, while GameSpot ' s Shane Mooney defended it thus: "people moan about a lack of a compelling story in action titles, which makes about as much sense as complaining about the lack of a nailgun in a football sim [...] People couldn't care less if

15498-581: Was mostly from infantry-type weapons. AH-1Ws were involved in the rescue of Private First Class Jessica Lynch from an Iraqi hospital. In late August 2016, Marine AH-1W Cobras flying from USS  Wasp started flying combat missions over Sirte, Libya against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya , providing close air support for friendly militias on the ground. In the later stages of

15624-488: Was politically controversial in the United States; in April 1996, the purchase of ten additional AH-1Ws by Turkey was blocked by the Clinton administration . During late 2011, Turkey requested the purchase of three AH-1Ws from the USMC inventory. The AH-1s have been repeatedly used in combat against Kurdistan Workers' Party ( PKK ) insurgents. On 13 May 2016, PKK militants shot down a Turkish Army AH-1W SuperCobra using

15750-403: Was the first video game to use an isometric playfield . In the early 1980s, Japanese arcade developers began moving away from space shooters towards character action games . On the other hand, American arcade developers continued to focus on space shooters during the early 1980s. According to Eugene Jarvis , American arcade developers were greatly influenced by Japanese space shooters but took

15876-418: Was the most affordable, most supportable and most effective solution for the Marine Corps light attack helicopter mission. During the opening phase of the 2003 invasion of Iraq , SuperCobras were deployed on the front lines, often flying in hunter-killer teams with Bell UH-1 Iroquois utility helicopters and other coalition aircraft. Reportedly, 46 of the 58 USMC AH-1s deployed sustained battle damage, which

#852147