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58-704: The uplands include several mountain and hill ranges that are commonly referred to as the Sauerland: In listing these ranges the Bergisches Land with its 519 m high peak of Homert (Oberbergischer Kreis) is often counted. However these are foothills of the Ebbe Mountains, whilst the historic Bergisches Land lies on the slopes of the Süder Uplands as they gradually descend to the Rhine. In

116-401: A railway bridge between Duisburg and Rheinhausen across the Rhine. It was 860 metres (2,820 ft) long, and constructed in six days, fifteen hours and twenty minutes, a record time. It was named the "Victory Bridge". A total of 299 bombing raids had almost completely destroyed the historic cityscape. 80% of all residential buildings had been destroyed or partly damaged. Almost the whole of

174-692: A brand new sports stadium for various kinds of sports such as football and American football. During the summer months of 2005 the World Games took place in Duisburg. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Duisburg was the stage for preparation of the Portuguese team and the residence of the Italian football team , who won the cup in the final match against France. Duisburg is also known for its Rhein-Ruhr-Marathon , its rowing and canoeing regattas and

232-618: A bypass east of the city and mostly serves through traffic. A59 runs parallel to A3 and serves the city from north to south with 14 interchanges, much more than most other cities in the Ruhr area. The A40 and A42 are two east–west routes that serve central and northern Duisburg. Autobahn A40 also serves major through traffic from the Netherlands to Berlin and points east. A short spur, A524 serves southern Duisburg. Most Autobahns have six lanes or are upgraded to six lanes (A59). Apart from

290-843: A large brewery, König . In the early Middle Ages, it was a royal court of the Franks, first mentioned in writing in 883. Duisburg is in the Lowland Rhine area at the confluence of the Rhine and Ruhr and near the outskirts of the Bergisches Land . The city spreads along both sides of these rivers. The following cities border Duisburg (clockwise starting from the north-east): Oberhausen , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Ratingen , Düsseldorf, Meerbusch , Krefeld , Moers , Rheinberg , and Dinslaken . Since 1 January 1975, Duisburg has been divided into seven districts or boroughs ( Stadtbezirke ) from north to south: Duisburg has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). On 25 July 2019 , Duisburg recorded

348-597: A major centre of the iron, steel, and chemicals industries. For this reason, it was heavily bombed in World War II . Today it boasts the world's largest inland port , with 21 docks and 40 kilometres of wharf. Duisburg is a city in Germany's Rhineland , the fifth-largest city (after Cologne , Düsseldorf, Dortmund and Essen ) in the nation's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Its 500,000 inhabitants make it Germany's 15th-largest city . Located at

406-467: A number of municipal parks. On 24 July 2010, 21 people were killed and hundreds injured in the city during the Love Parade disaster . The Love Parade was an electronic dance music festival and technoparade . Duisburg is involved in many kinds of sports. Nevertheless, most important for its inhabitants is the local football club MSV Duisburg . Recently, with the new MSV Arena the city received

464-646: A similar way the highest elevations of the historic Siegerland (such as the 678 m high Riemen ) are not in the natural region of Siegerland (see major landscape units), but in the Rothaar Mountains. And the 633-metre-high Alte Burg lies geographically in the Siegerland, but is not the highest elevation of an independent ridge. Rather, it is part of the Siegerland Rothaar Foothills ( Siegerländer Rothaar-Vorhöhen ), which form

522-487: A temperature of 41.2 °C (106.2 °F), which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Germany. The current mayor of Duisburg is Sören Link of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who was elected in 2012 and re-elected in 2017. The most recent mayoral election was held on 24 September 2017, and the results were as follows: The Duisburg city council ( Duisburger Stadtrat ) governs

580-686: A very strong sense of belonging to the Bergisches Land. Bergisches Land used to be territory of the County of Berg, which later became the Duchy of Berg , who gave the region its name. The Duchy was dissolved in 1815 and in 1822 the region became part of the Prussian Rhine Province . Amongst the population today, a sense of belonging to the region Bergisches Land is notable in the hilly northern part, but not so much anymore in

638-789: Is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lying on the confluence of the Rhine ( Lower Rhine ) and the Ruhr rivers in the center of the Rhine-Ruhr Region , Duisburg is the 5th largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the 15th-largest city in Germany . In the Middle Ages , it was a city-state and a member of the Hanseatic League , and later became

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696-693: Is one of Germany's orchestras with an international reputation. Due to its history as a harbour city and a trade and industrial center, Duisburg offers a variety of architectural places of interest, such as the German Inland Waterways Museum . Buildings vary from old churches such as St. Johann Baptist in Duisburg-Hamborn, which was built in 900, to modern age buildings such as Micro-Electronic-Centrum in Duisburg-Neudorf, built in 1995. Another subject of interest

754-525: Is part of the German television and radio network ARD . Duisburg hosts a comprehensive range of cultural facilities and events. A highlight is the annual "Duisburger Akzente", a festival focusing on modern social, political and cultural topics. Besides Düsseldorf Duisburg is a residence of the Deutsche Oper am Rhein , one of the major opera houses in Germany. The Duisburg Philharmonic Orchestra

812-432: Is quite large, there are only a few larger contiguous forest areas. Forested mountain ranges in long waves and meadow valleys characterize the landscape. To the east, the proportion of forest landscape increases due to the unfavorable weather conditions for agriculture associated with the altitude. Naturally, mainly beech forests and beech-oak forests would grow on the hillsides. However, since the considerable deforestation in

870-808: Is served by the InterCityExpress and InterCity long-distance network of the Deutsche Bahn , in addition line S1 of the S-Bahn line connects Duisburg with other cities of the Rhine-Ruhr area. The Duisburg Stadtbahn , the Duisburg tramway network , and a bus system, all operated by the Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft, provide local services. Stadtbahn line U79, the so-called "D-Bahn" ("D-Line"), connects to

928-501: Is shaped by forests, meadows, rivers and creeks and contains over twenty artificial lakes. Wuppertal is the biggest town, while the southern part has economic and socio-cultural ties to Cologne . Wuppertal and the neighbouring cities of Remscheid and Solingen form the Bergisches Städtedreieck ( Berg City Triangle ). The Bergisches Land emerged from the historic Duchy of Berg . The region also owes its name to

986-776: Is the Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord an abandoned industrial complex open to the public and an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage . The city center contains the Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum, the municipal theatre and the shopping street known as the "fountain mile". The city also contains two botanical gardens , the Botanischer Garten Duisburg-Hamborn and the Botanischer Garten Kaiserberg , as well as

1044-784: Is the only city of the Rhine-Ruhr region lying on both the Rhine and Ruhr rivers. Duisburg is one of the largest cities in the Meuse-Rhenish (closely related to Dutch ) dialect area and the largest in the Kleverlandish area (north of the Uerdingen Isogloss ). Duisburg has the world's largest inland port , "Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen", in Duisburg- Ruhrort . Germany's third-largest and the Rhine-Ruhr region's main airport, Düsseldorf Airport , lies near

1102-510: The 2022 North Rhine-Westphalia state election , all three constituencies were held by the SPD. Duisburg I was represented by Sarah Philipp, Duisburg II by Rainer Bischoff, and Duisburg III by Frank Börner. In the Bundestag , Duisburg is divided between two constituencies: 115 Duisburg I (Rheinhausen, Süd, and Mitte) and 116 Duisburg II (Walsum, Hamborn, Meidereich/Beeck, Homberg/Ruhrort/Baerl). In

1160-558: The 20th Bundestag , both are held by the SPD. Duisburg I is represented by President of the Bundestag Bärbel Bas , and Duisburg II by Mahmut Özdemir . The first syllable of the name of the city could go back to the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeus- , meaning something like "wet area" or "flood plain". Duisburg therefore could mean "fortified place in the floodplain". Another interpretation assumes that

1218-582: The Allies during World War II , with industrial areas and residential blocks targeted by Allied incendiary bombs . On the night of 12–13 June 1941, British bombers dropped a total of 445 tons of bombs in and around Duisburg. As part of the Battle of the Ruhr , another British raid of 577 bombers destroyed the old city between 12 and 13 May 1943 with 1,599 tons of bombs. During the bombing raids , 96,000 people were made homeless with countless lives lost. In 1944

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1276-416: The Ruhr area . Above the Rhine plain, however, people take their affiliation to the Bergisches Land for granted. In the news of WDR , only the eastern areas are referred to as "Bergisches Land", whereas the western ones are counted as part of the unclearly circumscribed " Rhineland ". The Mettmann district is also included in the cultural region Bergisches Land. The Bergisches Land cultural region includes

1334-645: The 13th century. The seat of the counts and dukes was initially Berge Castle  [ de ] in Altenberg near Odenthal , after the construction of Burg Castle the town of Burg an der Wupper  [ de ] (today a district of Solingen) and then from 1386 to 1822 Düsseldorf , which the dukes became a representative residence - and expanded the capital of the Duchy. The Bergisch lion  [ de ] in Düsseldorf's coat of arms still points to

1392-474: The Bergisches Land corresponds to the "Bergisches Land low mountain range region". In the formerly Bergisch Rhine and Ruhr cities (Düsseldorf, southern districts of Oberhausen, Duisburg-South  [ de ; it ] and Mülheim an der Ruhr), the population's historical affiliation with the Bergisch region is hardly still present. In these places, people mostly see themselves as Rhinelanders or belonging to

1450-462: The Bergisches Land is characterized by a varied low mountain range landscape with forests, meadows and hills as well as narrow notch valley  [ de ; fr ; ja ; nl ; pt ] s also called Siepen with small streams. Except for the areas that transition into the Sauerland, the Bergisches Land is referred to as peneplain due to the advanced erosion of the mountains. Westwards from

1508-582: The Bergisches Land, and that the inhabitants of these districts almost exclusively see themselves as Rhinelanders. An exception is the Rath/Heumar district of Cologne, which arose in the course of the Regional Reform in North Rhine-Westphalia  [ de ] and borders on Bergisch Gladbach and Rösrath , which according to the prevailing regional awareness is part of the Bergisches Land region. The long-established population in particular has

1566-519: The Logport Logistic Center Duisburg stretches across an area of 2.65 km (1.02 sq mi). With 2.5 million TEU it is also the largest inland container port, based on 2011 figures. A number of companies run their own private docks and 114 million tonnes of goods yearly (2010) are handled in Duisburg in total. Duisburg is served by several autobahns , with 3 east–west routes and 2 north–south routes. A3 forms

1624-505: The Middle East. Numerous docks are mostly located at the mouth of the Ruhr where it joins the Rhine. Each year more than 40 million tonnes of various goods are handled with more than 20,000 ships calling at the port. The public harbour facilities stretch across an area of 7.4 square kilometres (2.9 sq mi). There are 21 docks covering an area of 1.8 km (0.7 sq mi) and 40 kilometres (25 miles) of wharf. The area of

1682-468: The Netherlands, all on the Rhine's right bank) was built by the namesake Tuisto , mythical progenitor of Germans, about 2395  BCE . There is nothing to establish any historical basis for such an early founding of Duisburg, which would have made it among the earliest cities in Europe. Latest archaeological studies show that the present-day market-place was already in use in the first century. It has been

1740-527: The areas near the Cologne Lowland , the Ruhr area or the city of Düsseldorf . The region became famous during the period of its early industrialisation in the 19th century. At that time Wupper Valley was a historical Silicon Valley . Its twin cities Barmen and Elberfeld were the trading- and industrial capitals of Prussia at that time. This economic upswing caused the expansion of the Ruhr as coal-mining area and gave birth to research on, and

1798-591: The autobahns, no Bundesstraßen serve the city directly. B8 runs through the city, but uses A59's alignment. B288 runs in the extreme south of the city, and serves traffic to and from Krefeld . Several bridges span the Rhine, most prominently the A40 and A42 bridges, but also the L287 suspension bridge and the L237 arch bridge , a three-lane bridge with 2 lanes per peak direction with dynamic lane usage. Duisburg Hauptbahnhof

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1856-540: The cities of Wuppertal , Remscheid, Solingen and the districts of Mettmann, Oberberg and Rhein-Berg. In addition to the cities of Wuppertal, Remscheid and Solingen, as well as the Rheinisch-Bergisch and Oberbergisch districts, the Mettmann district belongs to the Bergisches Land cultural region. The capital of the Bergisches Land is usually no longer seen as the historic capital Düsseldorf , but rather as

1914-421: The city Wuppertal , which was created in 1929 and forms the economic, cultural and industrial center of the eastern Bergisches Land. However, the south of the region has now developed a stronger connection to Cologne . Even in those districts of Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine that are historically and geographically part of the Bergisches Land, it can be seen that there is hardly any sense of belonging to

1972-513: The city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: In the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , Duisburg is divided between three constituencies: 61 Duisburg I (containing Süd district and most of Mitte), 62 Duisburg II (Walsum, Rheinhausen, and most of Homberg/Ruhrort/Baerl), and 63 Duisburg III (Hamborn, Meiderich/Beeck, and parts of Mitte and Homberg/Ruhrort/Baerl). After

2030-400: The city had to be rebuilt, and most historic landmarks had been lost. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the decline of Duisburg's steel and mining industry caused a significant loss of residents. While in 1975 approximately 590,000 people were living in Duisburg, the number had shrunk to 518,000 in 1985. Duisburg celebrated its 1100th anniversary in 1983. The city's population recovered a little in

2088-430: The city was again badly damaged as a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped on 22 May. On 14 October, the tonnage was repeated with 2,018 tons when Halifax , Lancaster , and Mosquito bombers appeared over Duisburg as part of Operation Hurricane . This daylight raid was followed by a night attack; over 24 hours about 9,000 tons of HE and incendiaries had been dropped on Duisburg. Numerous similar attacks followed until

2146-687: The city, in Düsseldorf-Lohausen . With 42,747 students, the University of Duisburg-Essen is Germany's ninth-largest university. It has campuses in Essen and Duisburg, and a university hospital in Essen. Duisburg is a result of numerous incorporations of surrounding towns and smaller cities. The city is renowned for its steel industry . All blast furnaces in the Ruhr are now located in Duisburg. In 2000, 49% of all hot metal and 34.4% of all pig iron in Germany were produced here. It also has

2204-425: The confluence of the Rhine river and its tributary the Ruhr river , it lies in the west of the Ruhr urban area, Germany's largest, of which it is the third-largest city after Dortmund and Essen. The Ruhr itself lies within the larger Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region , one of Europe's largest conurbations. The city lies on both sides of the Rhine, with the city centre and most boroughs on the river's right bank, and

2262-484: The development of the city within the Prussian Rhine Province . Large housing areas near production sites were being built as workers and their families moved in. A major logistical center in the Ruhr and location of chemical, steel and iron industries, Duisburg was a primary target of Allied bombers . As such, it is considered by some historians to be the single most heavily bombed German city by

2320-525: The early modern period, large areas have been reforested with spruce, which was not native to the region. The Nutscheid  [ arz ; de ] on the southern edge of the Bergisches Land is one of the largest forest areas and largely uninhabited. Another large forest area is the Heckenberg Forrest  [ de ] between Engelskirchen , Drabenderhöhe  [ de ; ro ] and Overath - Federath  [ de ] . Today,

2378-548: The end of 1944. The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Duisburg in April 1945. The US 17th Airborne Division , acting as regular infantry and not in a parachute role, met only scattered resistance in the vicinity and captured the city on 12 April 1945. On 8 May 1945 the ADSEC Engineer Group A, led by Col. Helmer Swenholt , commanding officer of the 332nd Engineer General Service Regiment , constructed

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2436-432: The following years, up to 537,000 in 1992. It declined to 488,000 in 2011. On 19 July 2004, it was hit by a tornado . The municipal theater and parts of the city center were damaged. The city hosted the 7th World Games in 2005. In 2010, 21 people died because of a mass panic at the Love Parade ; over 500 people were injured. In 2010, Duisburg had a population of 489,600, a slight decrease since 2006. Duisburg has one of

2494-688: The former sovereigns, the Counts (and later Dukes) of the House of Berg  [ bg ; de ; ru ; uk ] . The adjectival Latin term terre Montensis, i.e. of the Bergisches Land, was first recorded in writing in a Bergisch office constitution in 1363  [ de ] , although terra de Monte or Land von Berg appeared in earlier documents. Important places in the duchy were Gerresheim , Elberfeld , Solingen , Lennep , Radevormwald , Wipperfürth , Bensberg , Siegburg and Blankenberg  [ de ; nl ] , most of which received city rights from

2552-721: The highest proportions of Muslims in Germany, with the city's Muslim population at approximately 15%, or 71,000 residents, as of 2011. Population structure of non-German residents: Duisburg is home to 85,000 people of Turkish origin. Other estimates suggest that the Turkish population is as large as 100,000. The neighborhood of Marxloh is a majority Muslim neighborhood, with over 54% of residents not having German citizenship as of 2018. Marxloh has experienced significant unemployment, poverty and high crime rates. The Wall Street Journal has referred to Marxloh as "Germany's quintessential Muslim ghetto." The new Merkez Mosque, one of

2610-416: The historical affiliation of Düsseldorf to the Bergisches Land. The northern parts of the Bergisches Land included the cities of Mülheim an der Ruhr , parts of Duisburg , Essen and Oberhausen ( Alstaden  [ de ; nl ] and Dümpten  [ de ; pl ] ), and the areas on the western border also included the area on the right bank of the Rhine, Cologne near Mülheim . Smaller areas on

2668-544: The largest Muslim places of worship in Western Europe, was built with help by the way of contribution of 3.2 million euro from the EU and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Asiye Nur Fettahoğlu , a Turkish-German actress, was born in Duisburg on 12 November 1980. Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen is the city's inland port. It is officially regarded as a seaport because seagoing river vessels go to ports in Europe, Africa and

2726-521: The left bank of the Rhine belonging to the duchy were also Wesseling , Rodenkirchen , Orr  [ de ; ksh ; nl ] and Langel  [ de ] The former lordships of Gimborn  [ de ] and Homburg  [ de ] in today's Oberberg district , on the other hand, were only added to the Grand Duchy of Berg during Napoleon 's time. This originally non-Bergisch area includes Marienheide , Wiehl , Nümbrecht ,

2784-517: The low mountain range, across various Bergische Heideterrasses  [ de ] , a plain without significant elevations, which is highly sprawled by the urban agglomerations of Cologne and Düsseldorf and - compared to the low mountain range landscape - is very little structured. Here, with a few heath relics, such as the Wahn Heath  [ de ] , Hilden Heath  [ de ; ru ] and Ohligs Heath  [ de ] ,

2842-431: The major central trading place of the city since the 5th century. The city itself was located at the " Hellweg ", an important medieval trade route , and at a ford across the Rhine. The Romans already guarded the ford. Due to the town's favorable geographic position a palatinate was built and the town was soon granted the royal charter of a free city . Duisburg became a member of the Hanseatic League . Around 1000

2900-645: The name is derived from the Old German "duis" which means "hill". Duisburg could mean something like "castle on the hill". Thus, a place on a hill overlooking the Rhine, that could refer to the area of the present Town Hall. Duisburggau (Diuspurgau) was also the name of the medieval Gau (country subdivision) on the Lower Rhine. A legend recorded by Johannes Aventinus (fl. 1525) holds that Duisburg (along with Deutz, Cologne , Duisdorf in Bonn , and Doesburg in

2958-764: The neighbouring city of Düsseldorf and is operated jointly with the Rheinbahn of Düsseldorf. All S-Bahn, Stadtbahn, and bus lines operate under the umbrella of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr . There are several newspapers reporting on local events and politics, including the Westdeutsche Allgemeine (WAZ), the Neue Ruhr Zeitung (NRZ) and the Rheinische Post (RP). The local radio station "Radio Duisburg"

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3016-499: The north, the Rhine in the west and the Sieg in the south. To the east it merges into the Sauerland without a recognizable scenic border. Political and cultural differences alone determine the course of the border between the two historical landscapes, which, however, roughly corresponds to the eastern watersheds of Wupper and Agger , while the (western) Sauerland is mainly drained by the Ruhr and its tributaries. The largest part of

3074-520: The river Rhine moved westward from the city. This put an end to the city's development as a trading town and it soon grew into a quiet rural city. The productions of cartographer Gerardus Mercator and the foundation of a university in 1655 established the city's renown as "Educated Duisburg" ("Duisburgum Doctum"). The rise of tobacco and textile industries in the 18th century made Duisburg an industrial center. Big industrial companies such as iron and steel producing firms ( Thyssen and Krupp ) influenced

3132-457: The spacious forest area Königsforst  [ ceb ; de ] and individual quarry lakes , such as Lake Unterbach or the Elbsee  [ de ; zh ] , valuable nature reserves and recreation areas for the inhabitants of the surrounding cities. The Nature Park Bergisches Land  [ de ] also defines the area as a recreational area. Although the proportion of forest

3190-667: The theoretical underlining of social entrepreneurship and socialism: Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen to a textile mill owner. After the industrial downturn from the 1960s on, the region lost importance but cooperations by Bergisches Land entrepreneurs, active citizens and politicians are bringing back some regional awareness and economic power. 51°03′00″N 7°18′25″E  /  51.05000°N 7.30694°E  / 51.05000; 7.30694 Duisburg Duisburg ( German: [ˈdyːsbʊʁk] ; Low German : Duisborg , pronounced [ˈdʏsbɔɐ̯χ] )

3248-534: The town of Bergneustadt and today's district seat of the Oberbergischer district: Gummersbach . The natural region Bergisches Land lies almost entirely in the main unit group Süder Uplands , which also includes almost the entire Sauerland . The Süder Uplands represent the north-eastern part of the Rhenish Massif on the right bank of the Rhine. Natural orographic borders form the Ruhr in

3306-399: The western slopes of the Rothaar Mountains. The Hessian Upland in turn is part of the Rothaar Mountains forming the eastern edge of the range. Bergisches Land The Bergisches Land ( German: [ˈbɛʁɡɪʃəs ˈlant] , Berg Country ) is a low mountain range in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , east of the Rhine and south of the Ruhr . The landscape

3364-419: Was the first local radio broadcaster in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It started broadcasting in 1990. There is a local television station ("STUDIO 47"), which was the first local station to broadcast in North Rhine-Westphalia . It started broadcasting in 2006. In its Duisburg studios the WDR produces a local programme for the city of Duisburg and the Lower Rhine region north of Düsseldorf. WDR

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