28-619: The Scott Polar Research Institute ( SPRI ) is a centre for research into the polar regions and glaciology worldwide. It is a sub-department of the Department of Geography in the University of Cambridge , located on Lensfield Road in the south of Cambridge . SPRI was founded by Frank Debenham in 1920 as the national memorial to Captain Robert Falcon Scott and his companions, who died on their return journey from
56-637: A collection developed since the 1920s covering all subjects relating to the Arctic, the Antarctic, and to ice and snow wherever found. For industry, it is a prime information source on such subjects as exploration and exploitation of natural resources and on the environmental implications of such activities in the polar regions; on the design of ice-strengthened shipping and selection of sea routes; and on problems of construction and transportation in cold environments. The library also offers an unrivalled resource for
84-465: A larger area, being less concentrated, and also travels a longer distance through the Earth's atmosphere in which it may be absorbed, scattered or reflected, which is the same thing that causes winters to be colder than the rest of the year except in tropical regions. The axial tilt of the Earth has the most effect on climate of the polar regions due to its latitude. However, since the polar regions are
112-464: A type of marine Crustacea , which in turn feed a complex of living creatures from penguins to blue whales . Emma Stibbon Emma Stibbon RA (born 1 March 1962) is a Bristol -based British artist and Royal Academician . Emma Stibbon was born on 1 March 1962 in Münster , Germany. Her father was General Sir John James Stibbon , KCB , OBE (5 January 1935 – 9 February 2014) one of
140-604: Is an active member of the Polar Libraries Colloquy , an international organization of Librarians and others concerned with the collection, preservation, and dissemination of information dealing with the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The library is open to anyone with a polar interest for reference work and research. While climbing Mount Erebus in November 1912 as part of Robert Falcon Scott 's ill-fated Terra Nova expedition , Frank Debenham came up with
168-605: Is the largest research station in Antarctica , run by the United States. Other notable stations include Palmer Station and Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station (United States), Esperanza Base and Marambio Base ( Argentina ), Scott Base ( New Zealand ), and Vostok Station (Russia). While there are no indigenous human cultures, there is a complex ecosystem, especially along Antarctica's coastal zones. Coastal upwelling provides abundant nutrients that feed krill ,
196-657: The Antarctic ice sheet on the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the south. The Arctic has various definitions, including the region north of the Arctic Circle (currently Epoch 2010 at 66°33'44" N), or just the region north of 60° north latitude, or the region from the North Pole south to the timberline . The Antarctic is usually defined simply as south of 60° south latitude, or
224-758: The South Pole in 1912. It investigates issues relevant to the Arctic and Antarctic in the environmental sciences , social sciences and humanities . The institute is home to the Polar Museum and has some 60 personnel, consisting of academic, library and support staff plus postgraduate students, associates and fellows attached to research programmes. The institute also hosts the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research . SPRI has several research groups. Notable researchers that have been based at
252-632: The United States ( Alaska ), Canada ( Yukon , the Northwest Territories and Nunavut ), Denmark ( Greenland ), Norway , Finland , Sweden , Iceland , and Russia . Arctic circumpolar populations, though small, often share more in common with each other than with other populations within their national boundaries. As such, the northern polar region is diverse in human settlements and cultures. The southern polar region has no permanent human habitation as of now. McMurdo Station
280-414: The Arctic each year. Artists include Emma Stibbon , Lucy Carty, Kat Austen and Shelly Perkins. The Scott Polar Research Institute houses the world's most comprehensive polar library and archives. The institute's Thomas H. Manning Archive contains an unparalleled collection of manuscript material relating to research in and exploration of the polar regions, For scientists and scholars, the library offers
308-548: The Scott Polar Research Institute and on display in the Polar Museum includes: The wide-ranging collections include art and photographic works by several notable artists and photographers, including: The institute is actively adding to its collection of contemporary polar art through its artist in residence scheme, managed by the Friends of SPRI, which enables an artist to travel to the Antarctic and
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#1732765554768336-507: The continent of Antarctica. The 1959 Antarctic Treaty uses the former definition. The two polar regions are distinguished from the other two climatic and biometric belts of Earth, a tropics belt near the equator, and two middle latitude regions located between the tropics and polar regions . Polar regions receive less intense solar radiation than the other parts of Earth because the Sun's energy arrives at an oblique angle , spreading over
364-736: The effects of human intervention and natural phenomenon on monumental structures. Her work has been exhibited globally and she currently Senior Lecturer in Fine Art Printmaking at the University of Brighton. Stibbon was chosen as the Antarctic Artist in Residence of the Scott Polar Research Institute for 2012–13. She is an Academician of the Royal West of England Academy and
392-462: The farthest from the equator , they receive the weakest solar radiation and are therefore generally frigid year round due to the earth's axial tilt of 23.5° not being enough to create a high maximum midday declination to sufficiently compensate the Sun's rays for the high latitude even in summer, except for relatively brief periods in peripheral areas near the polar circles. The large amount of ice and snow also reflects and weakens of what weak sunlight
420-729: The highest-ranking officers in the British Army , who served as Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff and then as Master-General of the Ordnance from 1987–91. Her mother is Lady Jean Stibbon (née Skeggs). Stibbon studied at the Portsmouth College of Art (Foundation 1980–81), Goldsmiths College and the University of the West of England . Stibbon is known for her large, monochrome drawings and prints which explore
448-444: The idea of a polar research institute. After the end of World War I , he co-founded the institute with Raymond Priestley and was its first director. The Grade II listed main building (1933–1934) is by Sir Herbert Baker . The small halls have shallow domed ceilings painted with the aspect of the globe from north and south poles, by MacDonald Gill . The small gardens are home to a range of sculptures and historic artefacts relating to
476-475: The institute include Julian Dowdeswell , British diplomat Bryan Roberts , and glaciologist Elizabeth Morris . This group's work involves quantifying the state of the cryosphere using remote sensing by satellites, plus accurate field measurements and computer simulations, to understand the processes in detail. In particular, the group has been able to observe the melting of the Larsen Ice Shelf ,
504-575: The needs of international relations and strategic defence. The Picture Library contains a photograph collection from both the Arctic and Antarctic, mainly depicting the history of exploration in the polar regions, including much material from the expeditions of Scott and Shackleton. The Thomas H. Manning Polar Archives are named in honour of the British-Canadian Arctic researcher, a university alumnus. Its work includes an oral history programme which interviews people who have worked in
532-644: The polar regions over the years. Due to high demand, the Polar Archives runs a booking scheme for anyone wishing to consult material. The most recent addition to the library is the Shackleton Memorial Library, which in 1999 won a regional award from the Royal Institute of British Architects . This part of the building holds much of the library's Antarctic collection, as well as some of its subject-based material. The library
560-479: The polar regions receive further, contributing to the cold. Polar regions are characterized by extremely cold temperatures, heavy glaciation wherever there is sufficient precipitation to form permanent ice , short and still cold summers, and extreme variations in daylight hours, with twenty-four hours of daylight in summer, and complete darkness at mid-winter . There are many settlements in Earth's north polar region. Countries with claims to Arctic regions are:
588-517: The polar regions. Polar region The polar regions , also called the frigid zones or polar zones , of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps , the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles ), lying within the polar circles . These high latitudes are dominated by floating sea ice covering much of the Arctic Ocean in the north, and by
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#1732765554768616-408: The polar regions. As well as permanent exhibits, the museum regularly hosts special exhibitions. The museum is open Tuesdays to Saturdays, 10:00 – 16:00. Admission is free. The museum is one of the eight museums and botanic garden which make up the University of Cambridge Museums consortium. Important material representing a wide of range of people concerned with the polar regions is cared for by
644-428: The processes which modify the polar and sub-polar environments, such as Arctic vegetation, and snow and ice cover. Improving techniques for measuring vegetation from satellite data is an important part of the work. This is an interdisciplinary group covering the anthropology, history and art of the Arctic. Its work includes looking at politics and environmental management in the polar regions, with particular expertise in
672-402: The rapid retreat of ice in western Antarctica, and increased summer melting in northern Canada. This work has contributed greatly to understanding climate change . This group's work focuses on the dynamics of ice-sheets and delivery of sediment to the marine environment. The group uses geophysical and geological evidence gathered by icebreakers in the polar seas. This group's work focuses on
700-526: The religion, culture and politics of the Russian North. SPRI operates the Polar Museum , which presents a range of objects, artworks, documents and photographs from the institute's extensive polar collections. The collections include material related to polar history, exploration, science, art and Arctic cultures. In 2010 the renovated Polar Museum opened its doors to the public; the reopening
728-627: Was a solo retrospective exhibition of Stibbon's work titled held at the Rabley Drawing Centre Gallery near Marlborough in Wiltshire and accompanied by a book with the same title. Fire and Ice , 2019, Royal Academy of Arts, hardcover, 108 pages, ISBN 978-1-912520-25-1 Territories of Print 1994-2019 , Edited by Meryl Ainslie with an Essay by Gill Saunders , 2019, Rabley Drawing Centre, hardcover, 104 pages, ISBN 978-0-9926817-8-4 This article about an artist from
756-744: Was elected as a Royal Academician in 2013. Stibbon has a studio at Spike Island in Bristol . Ruskin, Turner & the Storm Cloud. Stibbon was commissioned to create the works for a touring exhibition to mark Ruskin's 200th birthday in 2019. Her contribution to the exhibition commented on damage to the French Alps by global warming , by creating a contemporary response to the works of John Ruskin and J. M. W. Turner . The exhibition visited York Art Gallery and Abbott Hall Art Gallery , Kendal , Cumbria . Territories of Print 1994-2019
784-616: Was met with widespread acclaim and the museum was shortlisted for the Art Fund 's Museum of the Year prize in 2011. It contains displays of Arctic art and artefacts, material from the nineteenth-century search for the elusive Northwest Passage , relics from the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration (including the last letters of Captain Scott), and contemporary research and policy relating to
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