41°31′58″N 81°38′06″W / 41.5328°N 81.6350°W / 41.5328; -81.6350
87-604: SS-100 or SS 100 may refer to: SS-100-X , the United States Secret Service code name for the Presidential limousine used by President John F. Kennedy Brough Superior SS100 , a motorcycle SS Jaguar 100 , an automobile Sukhoi Superjet 100 , a regional jet USS R-23 (SS-100) , a United States Navy submarine which saw service during World War I [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
174-454: A Locomobile steam car and found its boiler unreliable. His son, Rollin , set out to improve its design. Rollin White developed a form of water tube steam generator which consisted of a series of stacked coils with two novel features: the first was the coils were all joined at the top of the unit, which allowed water to flow only when pumped, allowing control of the steam generation; the second
261-557: A Stanley Motor Carriage Company steam car on July 13, 1901. According to the United States Secret Service , it was customary for them to follow the presidential horse-and-buggy on foot, but that with the popularization of the automobile, the Secret Service purchased a 1907 White Motor Company steam car to follow President Theodore Roosevelt 's horse-drawn carriage . Roosevelt eschewed riding in
348-487: A tear gas cannon, onboard oxygen tanks, an armored fuel tank filled with foam to prevent explosion, and pump-action shotguns . Whether it was or was not armed with rocket-propelled grenades , the car featured eight-inch (200 mm) doors. General Motors spokeswoman Joanne K. Krell said of the presidential state car, "The presidential vehicle is built to precise and special specifications, undergoes extreme testing and development, and also incorporates many of
435-406: A wheelbase of 161 inches (4,100 mm). The next presidential state car was a 1983 Cadillac that was delivered on January 30, 1984. This Cadillac Fleetwood is 17 inches (430 mm) longer and 3 inches (76 mm) taller than the stock Fleetwood. It featured armor and bulletproof glass ( 2 + 3 ⁄ 8 inches [60 mm] thick), and was described as "distinctively styled, with
522-440: A "heavy-duty heater and air conditioner, a pair of radiotelephones , a fire extinguisher , a first-aid kit, and a siren." The car was 3.5 feet (1.1 m) longer than Lincoln's because Hess and Eisenhardt had added a "middle row of forward-facing jump seats that folded away when not in use." The exterior featured improved, retractable standing platforms and handles for Secret Service agents, and flashing red lights recessed into
609-554: A 1993 Cadillac Fleetwood as his presidential state car. It is currently on display at the Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock, Arkansas , where it sits with all its doors closed to the public. Museum curator Christine Mouw noted that they can "dust the outside of the car, but if we needed to get inside it, we would have to contact the regional Secret Service office". CNN interviewed Joe Funk,
696-470: A 454-cubic-inch (7.44 L) engine. Confirmed accessories include "an integrated 10-disc CD changer , a foldaway desktop[,] and reclining rear seats with massaging, adaptive cushions." This presidential state car was estimated to weigh approximately 14,000 pounds (6,400 kg). Bush's presidential state car was nicknamed "The Beast", a name that persisted through the first presidency of Donald Trump . When traveling, President Bush took along two of
783-498: A black 1967 Lincoln Continental as his state car. The hardtop cost the Ford Motor Company about $ 500,000 (equivalent to about $ 4,570,000 in 2023). They leased it to the federal government for an annual cost of $ 1 (equivalent to $ 9.14 in 2023). With 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) of armor, "a bubble top thicker than the protective cockpit of an F-16 fighter ", and a 340-horsepower (250 kW) V8 engine ,
870-589: A car suitable for conversion into a presidential limousine. The additional armor and amenities that were added to the state car by the Secret Service taxed previous presidential limousines beyond their limits, resulting in failing transmissions and short-lived brakes. The George W. Bush state car was instead designed from the ground-up by "an R&D arm of General Motors in Detroit " to meet Secret Service specifications. "[I]nformed speculation" had President George W. Bush 's Cadillac Deville actually based on
957-402: A fan of the steam car when he discovered he could conceal himself from press photographers with a "carefully timed burst of steam." President Woodrow Wilson was such a fan of the three Pierce-Arrow cars purchased by his administration that he bought one of them from the government for US$ 3,000 (equivalent to $ 51,246 in 2023) when he left office in 1921. President Warren G. Harding was
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#17327869745611044-520: A former Secret Service agent and driver of Clinton's presidential state car during part of his tenure. Funk described a dichotomy of the car: while the president is wholly cut off from the outside world by the armor and bulletproof glass of the vehicle, he has at his fingertips communication capabilities including phones, satellite communications , and the Internet . In 2001, for the first inauguration of George W. Bush , Cadillac no longer produced
1131-673: A fuel line sprayed him at the same time a spark ignited. White companies' manufacturing facility expanded. The White steamer used unique technology, and it was vulnerable in a market that was accepting the internal combustion engine as the standard. White canvassed existing gas manufacturers and licensed the rights to the Delahaye design for the "gas car", showing a chassis at an English auto show in December 1908. Rollin became more interested in agricultural tractors, and developed designs for tractors derived from standard White truck parts. When
1218-421: A grudge against General Motors because they would not give him use of their cars during his run for the 1948 presidential election ; and, so, in 1950 he chose Lincoln to make the presidential state car. The White House leased ten Lincoln Cosmopolitans . The cars were modified by coachbuilders Henney Motor Company and Hess and Eisenhardt to provide extra security features and extra headroom to accommodate
1305-605: A hand-built V8 engine that provided a 17% increase in power, to 350 horsepower (260 kW). In 1967, the convertible was modified again with an upgraded air conditioning system, an openable rear-door window, and structural enhancement to the rear deck. Despite successive presidential state cars being built and delivered to the White House , the X-100 continued to be occasionally used by Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson , Richard Nixon , Gerald Ford , and Jimmy Carter until it
1392-618: A hostile takeover. After acquiring IU International, Neoax sold the conglomerate's trucking and food distribution units, only keeping the waste management division. In 1989, Neoax changed its name to EnviroSource, and in 1998, to Envirosource. Volvo produced trucks as White and Autocar through the 1980s, while Western Star continued independently in Canada and the United States, although Volvo-White–produced high cab over engine models were purchased and rebadged Western Star for sale in
1479-628: A private operator uses two of the White 706 buses originally built for Yellowstone for Gettysburg National Battlefield tours. One ex-Mount Rainier White 706 is on display at the Longmire Historic District . The bus driven by Egg Shen in the film Big Trouble in Little China into Chinatown, San Francisco is a White 706 which was later purchased by the Skagway Street Car Company. It was one of
1566-465: A raised roof and a large rear greenhouse ." To deal with the added weight of the armor, the car had oversized wheels and tires, heavy-duty brakes , and an automatic leveling system. The 1989 presidential state car that was delivered to the White House was a modified 1989 Lincoln Town Car that was 22 feet (6.7 m) long and more than 5 feet (1.5 m) tall. President Bill Clinton used
1653-402: A thickness of eight inches (200 mm), the windows are multi-layered and five inches (130 mm) thick, and each door —believed to be one foot (0.30 m) thick and weigh as much as those on a Boeing 757 —can electrify its handles to deter entry. As of May 2019 , the current model was used alongside the previous model . In the late 20th century, it was customary for
1740-411: A trip by President Trump to New York City on September 24, 2018. Road & Track reported that "the design appears to be a simple evolution of the old model with more current Cadillac design cues, like an Escalade sedan." Road & Track described the state car as "massive and tall", and weighing 15,000–20,000 pounds (6,800–9,100 kg). NBC News reported a weight of 20,000 pounds and
1827-470: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages SS-100-X The United States presidential state car ( nicknamed "The Beast", "Cadillac One", "First Car"; code named "Stagecoach" ) is the official state car of the president of the United States . United States presidents embraced automotive technology in the early 20th century with President William Howard Taft 's purchase of four cars and
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#17327869745611914-403: Is equipped with Goodyear Regional RHS tires that are usually reserved for medium- and heavy-duty trucks; speculated weights range from 15,000 to 20,000 pounds (6,800 to 9,100 kg). Due to the weight of the car, it could only reach about 60 mph (97 km/h), and only achieved 3.7 to 8 miles per US gallon (64 to 29 L/100 km; 4.4 to 9.6 mpg ‑imp ). The limousine
2001-434: The Ford Motor Company for $ 500 (equivalent to $ 5,098 in 2023) annually, and then commissioned Hess and Eisenhardt to modify it for presidential use—with a pricetag of $ 200,000 (equivalent to $ 2,039,198 in 2023). The convertible was painted "Presidential Blue Metallic", with silver metal flakes embedded within it; it was given the Secret Service code names of SS-100-X and X-100. The dark-blue car included
2088-563: The Lincoln K series , the Sunshine Special has a 160-inch (4,100 mm) wheelbase , room for 10 passengers, rear suicide doors , heavy-duty suspension, two side-mounted spare tires, and standing platforms attached to the exterior to accommodate Secret Service agents. The Sunshine Special underwent two sets of modifications. In 1941 the car's top was lowered three inches (76 mm) out of aesthetic concerns. In 1942, after
2175-677: The M3 Scout Car , the standard United States Army reconnaissance vehicle at the start of World War II. White also built the later M2 , M3 , M13 and M16 half-tracks . In 1967, White started the Western Star division to sell trucks on the west coast. The White Model 706 chassis emerged as the winner of a four-way competition with Ford , REO and GMC , held by the National Park Service in 1935 at Yosemite National Park . Starting in 1936, White produced 500 of
2262-622: The Secret Service to use the car behind his horse-drawn carriage. In 1909, president William Howard Taft converted the White House stables into a garage and purchased four automobiles: two Pierce-Arrows , a Baker Electric , and a 1911 White. This $ 4,000 car was one of the last steam cars produced and proved a favorite of the President who used bursts of steam against "pesky" press photographers . The 40 hp (30 kW) White Model M 7-seat tourer generated favorable press for
2349-431: The United States Secret Service to participate in the destruction of the presidential state car after it had run its course. The federal agents use bullets and explosive rounds for two purposes. The first is to demonstrate the automobile's effectiveness against such weaponry, while the second is to shred the vehicle and destroy the secrets of its manufacture, armoring, and defensive abilities. Motorcades involving
2436-539: The White Sewing Machine Company , to allow the use of a corner in one of his buildings to build an automobile. White's brother, Windsor, who was a management talent , joined the business venture, followed by their brother, Walter, who became instrumental in the sales, promotion and distribution of the product. The first group of fifty cars were completed in October 1900, but none were offered to
2523-415: The attack on Pearl Harbor , the car underwent the addition of armor, one-inch (25 mm) bulletproof glass , "metal-clad flat-proof inner tubes , a radio transceiver , a siren , red warning lights, and a compartment for submachine guns ." After the second set of modifications, the car weighed 9,300 pounds (4,200 kg) and was six feet (1.8 m) longer. Legend has it that Harry S. Truman held
2610-419: The bumper . Unique to the X-100 were three sets of removable roofs (a standard soft top, a lightweight metal one, and a transparent plastic one) and a hydraulic lift that raised the rear cushion 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (270 mm) off the floor. Both of these feature sets were designed to make the president more visible to the public, but they also increased the president's vulnerability—a factor in
2697-480: The district's lack of representation in the United States Congress . The switch came after the D.C. city council petitioned President Obama to use the plates on his motorcade, which would be seen by millions of people as he headed down Pennsylvania Avenue for his second inauguration . When first commissioned by the Secret Service in 2014, General Motors (GM) was awarded three contracts for
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2784-588: The "dual-textured grille and the dinner plate-sized Cadillac coat-of-arms badge" emblematic of the Cadillac CTS and the Cadillac Escalade . The headlights and taillights were identical to those used on other Cadillac production models. Anton Goodwin of CNET 's Road/Show blog noted that speculation was that the presidential state car was based on the GMC Topkick platform. If that is to be
2871-411: The 11,000-pound (5,000 kg) car could still reach speeds of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) — or 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) with four flat tires . According to White House spokespeople, President Johnson's car was not equipped with a television, though several of his cabinet members ' were. This car also served Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter, and traveled to 32 nations before it
2958-834: The 1960s, many buses were sold to private collectors and tour operators. The Skagway Street Car Company assembled a fleet of eight buses starting in 1987, naming each bus for the location from which they were acquired. Today, Glacier National Park operates 33 of its original 35 buses, where they are referred to as " Red Jammers ", and eight (of an original 98) have been restored for renewed service in Yellowstone National Park . Glacier's 33 buses were refurbished by Ford and TransGlobal in 2000–2002, while Yellowstone's eight buses were refurbished by TransGlobal in 2007. Glacier has kept one bus in original condition. Yellowstone has five White buses in original condition, two model 706s and three older units as well. In addition,
3045-599: The 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy . After the assassination, the "Death Car" (as named by the Associated Press ), was redesigned in an operation named "The Quick Fix". Hess and Eisenhardt, the Secret Service, the United States Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center , PPG Industries , and Ford engineers all collaborated to strip the limousine and improve everything. In an effort to prevent "ghoulish collectors" from obtaining
3132-568: The Autocar nameplate following its acquisition. Diamond T and REO Motor Car Company became the Diamond REO division, which was discontinued in the 1970s. A White Semi performed a role in the 1949 James Cagney film White Heat . This era was probably the peak of White Motor market penetration, with the substantial gasoline engined tractors moving a large part of the tractor trailer fleet. White designed and (with other companies) produced
3219-827: The Canadian assets, including the Kelowna , British Columbia, plant, and the Western Star nameplate and product range. In 1983, White emerged from bankruptcy reorganization under the name Northeast Ohio Axle Inc. (which would later be changed to Neoax in May 1986). In March 1987, Neoax bought the Fairfield Manufacturing Company (a maker of custom gears), and in March 1988, it acquired IU International Corporation (a Philadelphia-based conglomerate) through
3306-469: The Canadian market through the early 1990s. In 1988, Volvo and General Motors merged their heavy truck divisions in North America, creating Volvo GM Heavy Truck Corporation and a new brand of trucks, White-GMC. Western Star was sold to Australian entrepreneur Terry Peabody in 1990. In 1997, Volvo purchased the stake of General Motors in their joint venture and rebadged White-GMC vehicles under
3393-551: The Cosmopolitan convertible fitted with a Plexiglas roof that became known as the "Bubble-top"; it remained in presidential service until 1965, and has approximately 105,942 miles (170,497 km) on the odometer . President John F. Kennedy 's 1961 Lincoln Continental was originally a stock car, built in Wixom, Michigan , and retailing for $ 7,347 (equivalent to $ 74,910 in 2023). The federal government leased it from
3480-707: The Model 706, specifically designed to carry passengers through seven of the major National Parks of the western US; bus tours were offered as most tourists arrived from trains before World War II. The distinctive vehicles, with roll-back canvas convertible tops, were the product of noted industrial designer Alexis de Sakhnoffsky and used bodies from the Bender Body Company of Cleveland. They originally operated in seven National Parks: Glacier , Grand Canyon , Mount Rainier , Rocky Mountain , Yellowstone , Yosemite , and Zion . After being retired from service in
3567-1101: The U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers . During the Vietnam Era , the company retained its position within the Top 100 Defense Contractors list (it ranked 87th in the Fiscal Year 1965, 77th in 1967, 73rd in 1968, 89th in 1969 ). Its production facilities, such as the Lansing Truck Plant in Lansing, Michigan , and the main plant in Cleveland were engaged in production, inspection, engineering services and maintenance of thousands of military/utility cargo trucks M39 , M44 , M600, and M602 series trucks, as well as spare parts , such as cylinder heads , diesel and gasoline engines with accessories . Around 1898, Thomas H. White purchased
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3654-540: The Volvo and Autocar nameplates. Subsequently, Western Star was resold by Peabody to DaimlerChrysler and merged with its Freightliner subsidiary. Volvo dropped any reference to White or General Motors and adopted the Volvo Trucks North America name. Autocar remained a part of Volvo until 2000, when the brand was withdrawn from the market, and was subsequently sold to Grand Vehicle Works together with
3741-612: The White Company was not interested in producing tractors, Rollin set out to develop his own designs and, with brother Clarence, eventually founded Cleveland Motor Plow , which later became Cletrac tractor . Cletrac was later purchased by Oliver Tractor Co , which in of itself was bought by White in 1960. the early 1920s, Rollin briefly produced the Rollin car to diversify the tractor company, but found it could not compete in cost versus price against much larger manufacturers. White
3828-455: The White House in 1974. The six-passenger limousine was leased from the Ford Motor Company for US$ 5,000 (equivalent to $ 30,891 in 2023) per year and featured a 460-cubic-inch (7.5 L), 214-horsepower (160 kW) V8 engine . The fully loaded automobile also had external microphones to allow occupants to hear outside noises, full armor plate, bulletproof glass , and racks for the Secret Service to store submachine guns . The car
3915-504: The armored limousines (flown by either C-5 or C-17 ), one for use and one for backup. This proved fortuitous during a 2007 trip to Rome where one of the presidential state cars stalled for five minutes on a street; the car was restarted, but was replaced with the backup limousine after President Bush reached his destination. Sometimes, President Bush would instead use vehicles already present at his destination such as embassy motor pool cars or military assets, rather than transporting
4002-423: The assistance of the Secret Service to prevent their secrets from being known to outside parties. Late 20th-century and 21st-century presidential motorcades have consisted of 24–45 vehicles other than the presidential state car, including vehicles for security, healthcare, the press, and route-clearing, among others. The first serving president to ride in a car was President William McKinley , who briefly rode in
4089-681: The better known Stanley . In 2019 Mitch Gross and Chris Rolph drove a 1910 model MM 40 hp White steam car from Beijing to Paris, likely the only time such a feat has been done by a steam car. The journey of over 8000 miles crossed 12 countries, 7 time zones and included the first crossing of a major desert (the Gobi) by a steam car. The White steam car reentered popular culture in 2023 when comedian and classic car collector Jay Leno , while repairing his 1907 White steam car in his garage in Burbank , suffered third-degree burns on his face and hands when
4176-480: The business and to physically separate them, as a fire in one could ruin both operations. On 4 July 1905, a racing steam car named "Whistling Billy" and driven by Webb Jay set a record of 73.75 mph (118.69 km/h) on the Morris Park Racecourse . A 1907 White Steamer was one of the early vehicles in the White House when Theodore Roosevelt , the 26th President of the United States, allowed
4263-646: The capacity to seat seven, and speculated that the limousine was intended to evoke the aesthetic of the Cadillac XT6 . Car and Driver said that the car was built on the GMC TopKick platform, weighs as much as 15,000 pounds, has the headlamps from the Cadillac Escalade , and the grille emblematic of the Cadillac Escala concept car . The car is approximately six feet (1.8 m) tall. In addition to defensive measures designed to protect
4350-402: The case, then Goodwin assumed the car would feature either a gasoline -powered 8.1-liter (490 cu in) V8 General Motors Vortec engine or a diesel -powered Duramax 6.6-liter (400 cu in) turbo V8 engine. Autoweek magazine asserted that the car ran on a gasoline-fueled engine. This presidential state car was speculated to be much heavier than its predecessor as it
4437-406: The chassis of General Motors' line of full-size sport utility vehicles such as the " Chevrolet Suburban , GMC Yukon [,] and Cadillac Escalade ." This "Deville" featured five-inch (130 mm) armored doors, and "bulletproof glass so thick it blocks out parts of the light spectrum ." Rumored components of the car were sealed passenger compartments with their own air supply, run-flat tires , and
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#17327869745614524-478: The company becoming known as the "Big Four" through to the mid-1970s. The Sterling nameplate, unused by White as long as the company owned it, went to Freightliner after the companies' split. It was then used by Daimler Trucks, who manufactured the former Ford heavy truck line under the Sterling name, from 1997 to 2008. Sales dropped during the 1960s, and White tried merging with White Consolidated Industries ,
4611-546: The company was based in Cleveland, Ohio . White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio , manufactured diesel engine generators , which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes , and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, Combat Direction Centers and other ground facilities of
4698-481: The conversion of the White House stables into a garage. Presidents rode in stock, unmodified cars until President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's administration bought the Sunshine Special , the first presidential state car to be built to United States Secret Service standards. Until the assassination of John F. Kennedy , presidential state cars frequently allowed the president to ride uncovered and exposed to
4785-447: The discarded car parts, they were destroyed. For an estimated cost of $ 500,000, the car was painted black and featured "improved telecommunications gear, a more powerful engine and flat-proof tires made of rubber-coated aluminum ." The fuel tank was protected against explosion by a "porous foam matrix" that minimized spillage in the event of a puncture. The passenger compartment was protected by 1,600 pounds (730 kg) of armor, and
4872-661: The eight sold to Xanterra in 2001; they were subsequently restored by TransGlobal for tours in Yellowstone. The character "Ol Jammer" from the Disney animated film Planes: Fire and Rescue is based on the White 706. In addition to the National Parks touring buses, White built similar buses with fixed roofs for intercity service. White entered the transit bus market in 1937 with the 700 series, available in 30-and-35-foot (9.1 and 10.7 m) lengths. The longer model
4959-405: The first president to use a car to drive to his inauguration , and was the first qualified driver to be elected president. President Herbert Hoover had a Cadillac V-16 . In 1936, President Franklin D. Roosevelt bought a Ford V8 Phaeton coupe and had it equipped with hand controls in direct contravention of a Secret Service directive prohibiting sitting presidents from getting behind
5046-405: The government for its use during political campaigns. It was the vehicle in which Ford was shot at by Sara Jane Moore in 1975. During the March 1981 attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan , the car was hit by the last two of six gunshots: the penultimate damaged the bulletproof window of the right rear passenger's door, while the last ricocheted off the back-right quarter panel and struck
5133-738: The military with much of its equipment. White ranked 54th among US corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. When husbands went to serve, wives took their jobs, and the work force totaled over 4000. Black provided the services the company had at one time, and helped employees get to work with carpools . Black retired in 1956, still beloved by employees. In 1953, White purchased Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania -based Autocar Company . From 1951 until 1977, White Motors also distributed Freightliner Trucks . This took place under an agreement with Freightliner's parent, Consolidated Freightways . White manufactured trucks under its own brands—White, Autocar, and Western Star—as well, leading to
5220-450: The motorcade and clear the streets; sport utility vehicles to carry the United States Secret Service detail, electronic countermeasures, key staff, a Secret Service Counter Assault Team , "hazardous-materials-mitigation" personnel and equipment, and White House Communications Agency personnel; press vans; an ambulance ; and more. The presidential state car is maintained by the United States Secret Service . Other support vehicles in
5307-407: The new limousine. Each state car was expected to cost US$ 1–1.5 million , and by January 2016, GM had been paid $ 15,800,765 (equivalent to $ 20,059,873 in 2023) for its work on the new model. After prototypes of the new model were seen driven on public roads wrapped in monochromatic multi-scale camouflage , Cadillac confirmed to Fox News that "We've completed our task and we've handed over
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#17327869745615394-586: The newly formed White Motor Company. Taft's White Model M is currently housed in the collection at the Heritage Museums and Gardens in Sandwich, Massachusetts. The last steam car was built in January 1911 as the company made a transition to gasoline-powered vehicles. The company continued to show them in their catalogues as late as 1912. About 10,000 White steam-powered cars were built, more than
5481-571: The original company that once made sewing machines, however the federal government blocked this deal. The company opened plants in Virginia and Utah , since they did not have unions, but this did not help. Semon Knudsen , former president of Ford , made the company successful for a time, but the decline continued. Later, the federal government approved a merger with White Consolidated, which feared being hurt by White Motor's troubles. Mergers with Daimler and Renault were also considered. Production
5568-530: The president's motorcade are maintained by the White House Military Office . Due to difficulty in organizing motorcades, helicopters ( Marine One ) are preferred. White Motor Company The White Motor Company was an American automobile , truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates , automatic lathes , and sewing machines . Before World War II ,
5655-400: The president, this state car has stores of blood in the president's type for medical emergencies. The car is hermetically sealed against chemical attacks, and features run-flat tires , night-vision devices , smoke screens , and oil slicks as defensive measures against attackers. NBC reported that the car features armor made of aluminum , ceramic , and steel ; the exterior walls have
5742-527: The president. The car then transported Reagan to George Washington University Hospital . After the 1981 shooting, the car was returned to Ford to receive a new interior, front sheet metal , and 1979 Lincoln grille . The 1972 car left service in 1992 with 40,617 miles (65,367 km) on its odometer. After maintenance and care in 2008, The Henry Ford measured the car at 259 inches (6,600 mm) long, 79.6 inches (2,020 mm) wide, 61.1 inches (1,550 mm) tall, at 10,440 pounds (4,740 kg), with
5829-401: The presidential state car are detailed, involved operations. Upon the assassination of John F. Kennedy , the motorcade consisted of four motorcycle escorts, three buses, and over 17 cars (including the presidential state car). Motorcades under President George W. Bush involved up to two dozen cars. Under President Obama they constituted 30 other vehicles, including police cars to lead
5916-421: The presidential state car. The president never used non-American-governmental vehicles when overseas. The 2009–2018 presidential state car went into service on January 20, 2009, and drove President Obama the two miles (3.2 km) down Pennsylvania Avenue from his first inauguration to the inaugural parade . A Cadillac , the presidential state car was not based on any single model of car, though it had
6003-403: The public until April 1901 so the design could be thoroughly tested. Since the cars were being offered by the automobile department of the sewing machine company, White could not afford to diminish the reputation of the parent company by the introduction of an untested product. In 1905, it became necessary to separate the automobile department from its parent company to accommodate the growth of
6090-476: The public. President Kennedy's assassination began a progression of increasingly armored and sealed cars; the 2009–2018 state car had five-inch (130 mm) bulletproof glass and was hermetically sealed with its own environmental system. The current model of presidential state car is a unique Cadillac that debuted in September 2018. Decommissioned presidential state cars are dismantled and destroyed with
6177-451: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SS-100&oldid=1115168074 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
6264-546: The tall silk hats popular at the time, and were painted black. Nine of the automobiles had enclosed bodies, while the tenth was an armored convertible especially for President Truman. The tenth Cosmopolitan was 20 feet (6.1 m) long, 6.5 feet (2.0 m) wide, and weighed 6,500 pounds (2,900 kg), 1,700 pounds (770 kg) heavier than a stock Cosmopolitan. All ten cars were outfitted with 152-horsepower (113 kW) V8 engines "with heavy-duty Hydra-Matic transmissions ." In 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower had
6351-648: The three removable roofs were replaced by a fixed glass enclosure that cost more than $ 125,000. The glass enclosure was made of 13 different pieces of bulletproof glass ranging in thickness from 1 to 1 + 13 ⁄ 16 inches (25 to 46 mm), and was then the largest piece of curved bulletproof glass ever made. Titanium armor was added to the body of the car, the standard windows were made bullet-resistant with sandwiched layers of glass and polycarbonate vinyl, and prototype aluminum run-flat tires were added. Due to an increase of 25 percent more weight—to 9,800 pounds (4,400 kg)—the upgraded car received
6438-404: The top aspects of Cadillac's 'regular' cars—such as signature design, hand-cut-and-sewn interiors, etc." The curator of The Henry Ford told The Dallas Morning News that President Obama's state car was "a tank with a Cadillac badge." In 2013, the presidential state car was outfitted with standard Washington, D.C. license plates that read "TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION" in reference to
6525-474: The vehicle due to his "image as a rough-riding horseman". President William Howard Taft changed things at the White House , converting the stables there to a garage and purchasing a four-car fleet on a budget of $ 12,000 (equivalent to about $ 407,000 in 2023): two "luxurious" Pierce-Arrow cars, a Baker Motor Vehicle electric car , and a $ 4,000 (equivalent to about $ 136,000 in 2023) 1911 White Motor Company steam car. President Taft became
6612-513: The vehicle to the customer". The Secret Service confirmed that the program to replace the presidential car was "on track and on schedule" and should be in service by late summer 2018. Fox News' Gary Gastelu opined that the camouflaged prototype looked similar to the Cadillac CT6 . Still nicknamed "the Beast", as established with the 2001–2009 model , the current model debuted with
6699-403: The wheel of a car. In December 1939, President Roosevelt received a 1939 Lincoln Motor Company V12 convertible —the Sunshine Special . The Sunshine Special (so named because the top was frequently open) became the president's best-known automobile, the very first to be built to Secret Service specifications, and the first to be leased rather than bought. Built on the chassis of
6786-415: The workers who were striking, and he even got baseball equipment for them and let them play while on strike, so they would have something to do. Black learned people's names, visited the plant frequently, and asked customers if they were happy with what they purchased. Anyone could visit his office. Black brought the company back to where it had once been by World War II , during which the company supplied
6873-422: Was fatally injured in a traffic accident, management changed and so did the firm's culture. Employees started one of the country's first automobile unions . The Great Depression caused a drop in sales, forcing White to merge with Studebaker . However, White soon became independent again. In 1935, Robert Fager Black became president, but workers were still unhappy, and they went on strike . Black negotiated with
6960-454: Was produced through 1953, with an update in 1948 as the 1100 series. During the time brothers Walter and Windsor White ran the company, it offered a library branch, a store which sold necessities at low cost, sports teams, and concerts by orchestras and jazz bands, as well as musical performances by the workers, many of whom were immigrants from Slovenia and Poland . The company also had picnics at Euclid Beach Park . After Walter White
7047-464: Was pulling steam from the lowest coil, closest to the fire, which allowed control of steam temperature. This second point was critical because the White steamer operated with superheated steam to take advantage of steam's properties at higher temperatures. Rollin White patented his steam generator, US patent 659,837 of 1900. Rollin H. White patented his new design and offered it to, among others, Locomobile. Finally, he persuaded his father, founder of
7134-482: Was reported to cost between $ 300,000 and $ 1,500,000 (equivalent to about $ 400,000–2,000,000 in 2023). The presidential state car was maintained by the United States Secret Service . The car had more five-inch (130 mm) bulletproof glass than the previous model. It also had run-flat tires and an interior that was completely sealed to protect the occupants in the event of a chemical attack . The 2009 presidential state car model had night vision optics,
7221-591: Was retired from service in early 1977. As of March 2021 , it was publicly exhibited at The Henry Ford museum in Dearborn, Michigan . The license plates ( DC plates , "GG-300") were removed from the X-100 when the vehicle was upgraded after the Kennedy shooting; when they were auctioned in 2015, they sold for $ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 128,541 in 2023). President Johnson preferred white convertibles, but "concerns for protocol and safety" had him receiving
7308-569: Was retired in the mid-to-late 1970s. In 1996, the Ford Motor Company restored the car to its original state and donated it to the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum ; the manufacturer chose Nixon's library because he took the car on several of his most-significant presidential trips. A modified, 22-foot (6.7 m), 13,000-pound (5,900 kg) 1972 Lincoln Continental was delivered to
7395-686: Was somewhat limited as White did not have a lighter range (13,330 units built in 1978), leading to several attempts at linking up with various European manufacturers. By 1980, White was insolvent, filing Chapter 11 bankruptcy case 80-13361 in the Northern District of Ohio on September 4 of that year. Volvo acquired most of the US assets of the company in 1981, while two energy-related companies based in Calgary , Alberta, Bow Valley Resource Services , and NovaCorp , an Alberta corporation, purchased
7482-736: Was successful with their heavy machines, which saw service around the world during World War I . White remained in the truck industry for decades. White Motor Company ended car production after World War I to focus exclusively on trucks. The company soon sold 10 percent of all trucks made in the US. Although White produced all sizes of trucks from light delivery to semi , the decision was made after WWII to produce only large trucks. White acquired several truck manufacturing companies during this time: Sterling (in 1951), Autocar (in 1953), REO (in 1957) and Diamond T (in 1958). White also agreed to sell Consolidated Freightways , Freightliner Trucks through its own dealers. White produced trucks under
7569-492: Was used by Presidents Nixon, Ford, Carter, Ronald Reagan , and George H. W. Bush . By 1974, the car was typically transported by the United States Air Force in a Lockheed C-141 Starlifter cargo plane at an hourly jet fuel cost of 1,800 US gallons (6,800 L; 1,500 imp gal). Because security concerns legally-mandated its use by the president, political parties were not required to reimburse
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