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39-506: STATPHYS or IUPAP International Conference on Statistical Physics is a series of conferences organized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics . The conferences take place every three years in a different continent to give the maximum international relevance and visibility to the event. It is the world event for the broad field of statistical physics and all its interdisciplinary developments. The first meeting

78-588: A Preparatory Committee, with Prof. Pierre Fleury as Secretary, to consider forming an International Commission for Optics. The preparatory committee met in Prague, Czechoslovakia, 2–7 June 1947, with Prof Josef Hrdlicka as host. Fifteen delegates attended, representing eight countries, (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden). Replies were received from five other countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Switzerland, and

117-672: A Reunions d'Opticiens in Paris 14–19 October 1946. Scientists from 16 different countries participated in this first post-war European optics conference. The invited papers were by Frank Twyman (of Hilger and Watts) on the production of aspherical surfaces; Louis de Broglie on image formation, Jean Cabannes on the development of optics in France, and Pierre Fleury reviewed the history of the Institut d'Optique and research pursued since 1940. Then followed several days of contributed papers from most of

156-406: A broad overview of an entire field (typically the field of interest to a Commission), and normally occur at two- or three-year intervals, as advances in the field warrant. Attendance in the range of 750–1000 would be anticipated. Topical Conferences - Type B These concentrate on broad sub-fields (e.g. nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear reaction mechanisms, heavy ion physics, are possible sub-fields in

195-607: A commission for optics? He also determined that UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, with headquarters in Paris) would also be able to provide -through IUPAP - some funds for travel to a Preparatory Meeting in Prague to discuss the formation of an International Commission for Optics. In January 1947 the General Assembly of IUPAP approved the appointment of

234-678: A number of Working Groups, among others the International Committee for Future Accelerators (WG1) and Women in Physics (WG5), to provide an overview of important areas of international collaboration in physics. Each year, IUPAP endorses approximately 30 international conferences and awards grants to the majority of them. Applications for sponsorship can be made via the IUPAP website. Sponsored conferences fall into four categories: General Conferences - Type A These provide

273-499: A request that each committee report on its problem at the 1948 meeting in the Netherlands. Most of the problem areas represented the special interests of the delegates present at the preparatory session, and this would provide a quick mechanism to ensure some technical content at the first formal meeting of ICO. Italy ( Giuliano Toraldo di Francia ) would survey diffraction theory; Great Britain (T. Smith) would survey aberration studies (without diffraction); and France ( André Maréchal ) and

312-545: A vehicle for publishing original research papers. Full use should be made of existing scientific journals..The delegates agreed that one of the roles of ICO should be to sponsor conferences at which sets of invited papers are given on some specialized field or fields of optics. At the final session President Thomas Smith announced that he had been authorized to invite the ICO to hold the next meeting in 1950 in London. This announcement

351-486: Is a Scientific Associate of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and Affiliated Commission of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). Among the activities of ICO are the organization and sponsorship of congresses, meetings and schools, and the awarding of prizes to distinguished scientists in optics and photonics. It has a Traveling Lecturer Program , and publishes quarterly

390-785: Is a member of the International Science Council . IUPAP is the lead organization promoting the adoption of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development , a proposal to be considered by the 76th session of the UN General Assembly . In 1919 was formed the International Research Council “largely through the representatives of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington , and of

429-616: The ICO Newsletter , the triennial book series International trends in optics and a Triennial Report . The mission of the International Commission for Optics is to contribute, on an international basis, to the progress and diffusion of knowledge in the fields of optics and photonics . In 1946 Europe was at last beginning to recover from the ordeal of World War II. The oldest and largest optics group in Europe

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468-762: The Royal Society , London , to coordinate international efforts in the different branches of sciences, under whose aegis international associations or unions in different branches of science could be formed". In accordance with this principle, the 1922 General Assembly of the IRC convened at Brussels and a number of physicists present decided that the formation of a Physics Union was imperative. Thirteen countries ( Belgium , Canada , Denmark , France , Netherlands , Empire of Japan , Norway , Poland , Spain , Switzerland , United Kingdom , United States and Union of South Africa ) immediately announced their adherence to

507-568: The Commission on Physics for Development (C13). IUPAP commissions sponsor various awards for scientists. These include: IUPAP was founded in 1922 by 13 states: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Empire of Japan, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and South Africa. Since, then many new members have joined the union. Today, the IUPAP consists of 56 member states. International Commission for Optics The International Commission for Optics ( ICO )

546-499: The Council and Commissions are elected by the General Assembly, based on nominations received from Liaison Committees and existing Council and Commission members. The IUPAP specialised Commissions are: C1. Commission on Policy and Finance C2. Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses & Fundamental Constants C3. Commission on Statistical Physics C4. Commission on Astroparticle Physics . The commission

585-537: The European optics groups. Many of the participants urged Fleury to seek some mechanism for continued cooperation in the optics community. Pierre Fleury was already a French representative to IUPAP (the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics), with headquarters in Paris, and he was aware that the statutes of IUPAP provided for the creation of commissions in specific areas of physics; why not

624-409: The Netherlands would report on the combined effect of aberrations and diffraction. Sweden ( E. Ingelstam ) would survey gratings; Great Britain, photographic objectives; and other groups were assigned other tasks. Finally, there would be reports on sign conventions, notation, tolerances and the specification of optical drawings. In drawing up these assigned tasks the preparatory commission was following

663-571: The Technische Hogeschool, Delft, Netherlands. Forty-four delegates from eleven countries attended the meetings. At the first session Prof Fleury announced that IUPAP had cordially accepted the affiliation of ICO and had approved the Statutes provisionally adopted at Prague. The appointment of officers elected in 1947 was confirmed, and two additional vice-presidents were elected: S.S. Ballard (USA) and A.C.S. van Heel (Netherlands). Thus

702-400: The Technische Hogeschool, Delft. This sort of mixing of technical reports and social activities is important in building a sense of community among the attendees. The principal work at the meeting was the presentation of detailed reports on the topics that had been assigned at Prague. These reports occupied most of the six technical sessions. The delegates also agreed that ICO should not act as

741-571: The USA) that their representatives would be unable to attend, and Argentina and the USSR did not respond. The attendees agreed that an International Commission for Optics should be formed as a self-governing affiliated commission of IUPAP . Each member country would form a national committee for ICO, which would select that country's representative to the ICO Bureau meetings. A set of provisional Statutes

780-433: The education and training in optics and photonics internationally. It undertakes special actions for the development of optics and photonics in regions where particular support is needed. It strives to improve the recognition of optics and photonics as fields of science with a significant impact on economy. It works also for the promotion of international agreements on nomenclature, units, symbols and standards. It

819-535: The eleven countries represented at Delft became the founding member countries of the ICO; Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. In addition to the sessions devoted to reports on the problem areas that had been assigned at Prague, the participants heard four invited lectures: by M. Françon (France); T. Smith (Great Britain); D.B. Judd (USA); and A.C.S. van Heel (Netherlands). On

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858-608: The field of Nuclear Physics). Attendance in the range of 50-200 would be anticipated. Workshops in Developing Countries - Type D These concentrate on meeting the needs of a developing region. Unlike the Type A, B and C conferences, they do not need to be truly international, but should involve neighbouring countries, and they should address the needs of the region. One Type D conference will be approved each year. All applications for Type-D Conferences must be submitted to

897-403: The field of Nuclear Physics). They would normally be scheduled in the years between the corresponding Type A General conferences. Attendance in the range of 300-600 individuals would be anticipated. Special Conferences - Type C These concentrate on much more specialised topics than in the case of Type B Conferences (e.g. angular correlations, lifetime measurements, neutron resonance studies in

936-634: The first day of the meeting Prof van Heel hosted a reception at his home, and on the last evening the group held a formal dinner. During the week there were several local visits to research laboratories: de Oude Delft; the Kammerlingh-Onnes Laboratory in Leiden; the Philips Research Labs at Eindhoven; van Cittert's collection of historical optical instruments at Utrecht; and the optics and electron optics laboratories of

975-579: The first official meeting. The delegates decided to hold their first plenary session of ICO in conjunction with the next General Assembly of IUPAP in July 1948 in Amsterdam. (The Dutch delegate, Prof van Heel , invited the ICO to meet at his laboratory in Delft.) The organizers also formulated the objectives of ICO: the study of optical theory, the theoretical study and construction of optical instruments, and

1014-447: The generation, transmission, manipulation, detection, and utilisation of light. It extends on both sides of the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum as far as the same concepts apply. In particular, the ICO promotes international cooperation and facilitates the rapid exchange of information, by encouraging and furthering the organisation, on an international basis, of scientific meetings and summer schools. It emphasises actions for

1053-504: The history of IUPAP since its foundation. The Union is governed by its General Assembly, which meets every three years. The Council is its top executive body, supervising the activities of the nineteen specialized International Commissions and the four Affiliated Commissions – it typically meets once or twice per year. The Union is composed of Members representing identified physics communities. At present 60 Members adhere to IUPAP. The Members are represented by Liaison Committees. Members of

1092-517: The main event, adding to the scientific value of the meeting. International Union of Pure and Applied Physics IUPAP carries out this mission by: sponsoring international meetings; fostering communications and publications; encouraging research and education; fostering the free circulation of scientists; promoting international agreements on the use of symbols, units, nomenclature and standards; and cooperating with other organizations on disciplinary and interdisciplinary problems. IUPAP

1131-500: The near term by ICO, each national committee was asked to establish if possible a list of the names and addresses of its optics researchers and also a list of the manufacturers of optical instruments. Each country was also asked to supply a list of their optics publications for the war years 1939–1945. As a further challenge to the new organization the delegates compiled a list of about 20 technical problem areas in optics. These subjects were assigned to various ICO national committees, with

1170-419: The new Union. An Executive committee was formed which undertook to prepare rules, regulations, and activities of the organization. The committee consisted of ten distinguished physicists: W.H. Bragg , M. Brillouin , O.M. Corbino , M. Knudsen, M. Leblanc, R.A. Millikan , H. Nagaoka, E. Van Aubel, and H. Abraham . The committee had Bragg as President, Van Aubel as Vice-President, and Abraham as Secretary. This

1209-580: The physiological optics of the eye. The organizers were grateful to both UNESCO and IUPAP for travel, secretarial and publication support during the initial organizational stage, but in order to ensure smooth functioning of ICO in 1948 and beyond it was decided to assess each member country for an annual contribution based on the same population scale used by IUPAP: countries with less than 5 million inhabitants, 1 unit; 5 to 10 million, 2 units; 10 to 15 million, 3 units; 15 to 20 million, 5 units; and greater than 20 million, 8 units. As tasks to be accomplished in

STATPHYS - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-491: The usual format of a commission of a scientific union: stating specific problems to be reported on by the commission. In Prague the founding group had recognized the need for improved international cooperation in optics, had sketched a charter for ICO, and had planned a comprehensive program for the ICO initial meeting in 1948. The first official meeting of ICO took place 12–17 July 1948 at the Physics Laboratory of

1287-530: Was accepted by acclamation. The ICO Congresses are held every three years; they include a General Business Meeting as requested by the statutes and a Scientific Meeting that covers most of research topics in optics and photonics. Dates and locations of ICO Congresses: (preliminary meetings had been held in Czechoslovakia and France). The provenience of ICO financial resources are the contributions from its members. (A) Associate member The ICO Prize

1326-415: Was adopted (patterned after the Statutes of IUPAP ), and a provisional bureau was elected, (subject to approval by IUPAP and re-confirmation by the national committees at the first official meeting.) Thomas Smith of London was elected president; Pierre Fleury of Paris, secretary; Albert Arnulf of Paris, treasurer; and Josef Hrdlicka of Prague a vice-president, with two other vice-presidents to be selected at

1365-399: Was created in 1947 with the objective to contribute, on an international basis, to the progress and dissemination of the science of optics and photonics and their applications. It emphasises the unity of the crossdisciplinary field of optics . Optics and photonics are defined as the fields of science and engineering encompassing the physical phenomena and technologies associated with

1404-471: Was in Florence (Italy) from 17 to 20 May 1949. After a pioneering period the periodicity of three years was established and the conference has acquired more and more importance. The participation has reached peaks up to 1500 participants in the recent years. Also on the occasion of this conference the prestigious Boltzmann medal is awarded. In addition several satellite meetings are usually held along with

1443-1172: Was previously known as the Commission on Cosmic Rays. C5. Commission on Low Temperature Physics C6. Commission on Biological Physics C8. Commission on Semiconductors C9. Commission on Magnetism C10. Commission on the Structure and Dynamics of Condensed Matter C11. Commission on Particles and Fields C12. Commission on Nuclear Physics C13. Commission on Physics for Development C14. Commission on Physics Education C15. Commission on Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics C16. Commission on Plasma Physics C17. Commission on Laser Physics and Photonics C18. Commission on Mathematical Physics C19. Commission on Astrophysics C20. Commission on Computational Physics The Affiliated Commissions are: AC1. International Commission for Optics AC2. International Commission on General Relativity and Gravitation AC3. International Commission for Acoustics AC4. International Commission on Medical Physics AC5. International Association of Physics Students AC6. History and Philosophy of Physics In addition IUPAP has established

1482-454: Was the Institut d'Optique in Paris, which had been founded in 1921 by the distinguished optical physicist Charles Fabry (1867-1945), and the director of the Institut d'Optique , Prof. Pierre Fleury , who had succeeded Fabry in 1945, was eager to resume an active role in European optics. He wrote to his optics colleagues and former students throughout Europe and invited them to participate in

1521-423: Was the birth of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. The year 2022 marked the centenary of the IUPAP, organized and run by the physics communities of the world. In this context, the IUPAP sponsored the publication of Globalizing Physics: One Hundred Years of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics , edited by Roberto Lalli and Jaume Navarro. This anthology brings together contributions on

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