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61-607: The Smart Fortwo (stylized as "smart fortwo") is a two-seater city car manufactured and marketed by the Smart division of the Mercedes-Benz Group for model years 1998-2024, across three generations — each using a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout and a one-box design . The first generation was internally designated as the W450 , launched at the 1998 Paris Motor Show . The second generation W451 -build series

122-456: A facelift in 2002. The engines are turbocharged with three cylinders . Originally the basic petrol engine was 599 cc, and came in three versions—33, 38 and 45 kW (45, 51 and 61 hp) (45 kW). The engine displacement was increased to 698 cc with the facelift in 2002, in 37 and 45 kW (50 and 61 hp) variants. The turbo-diesel engine had 799 cc displacement giving 30 kW (41 hp). The Fortwo

183-540: A lithium-ion battery provided by Tesla Motors with capacity of 14 kilowatt-hours (50 MJ) initially, 17.6 kilowatt-hours (63 MJ) later. The range of a fully charged battery is up to 135 kilometres (84 miles) under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) cycle. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's official all-electric range is 63 miles (101 km) and rated the Smart ED with

244-554: A 3-spoke steering wheel, bespoke floor mats, air conditioning, CD player, Brabus clock and rev counter, Brabus speedo displaying 120 mph and all of the removable interior plastics (including door handles and steering wheel trim) repainted in Intense Red to match the exterior. Designed on the base of the Fortwo Brabus, this limited edition example is powered by a 55 kW 3-cylinder turbo charged engine although all of

305-454: A 6.5" display, and optional surround-sound audio system. For the 2013 model year, all Fortwos received a minor exterior facelift with revised lower facias, front and rear, and a relocated brand emblem located inside rather than above the front grille. The second generation Fortwo remained the lightest production car on sale in Europe. The 999 cc I3 Mitsubishi 3B2 engine (2007 onwards)

366-421: A combined fuel economy of 87 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpg-e) (2.7 L gasoline equivalent/100 km; 104 mpg-imp gasoline equivalent). The third-generation Smart electric drive was scheduled to be launched in the U.S. and Europe by the second quarter of 2013 and Daimler AG plans to mass-produce the electric car with availability in 30 markets worldwide. The third-generation Smart electric drive

427-505: A conspiracy to overthrow the German government. The magazine was renamed several times. The first edition, entitled Das Auto , appeared in time for Christmas in 1946 with a cover price of 1.50  ℛ︁ℳ︁ . It was edited and in large part written by F.A.L. Martin contributed his report of automotive developments in the US. A two-page feature highlighted the virtues of the " Jeep ",

488-579: A cooperative venture between Swatch and Mercedes : S watch M ercedes ART . The Fortwo nameplate derives from its two-person seating capacity. Until 2002, the Fortwo had been marketed as the smart City-Coupé. Development of what ultimately became the Smart Fortwo started before 1993, originally as the Swatch car, developed by Nicolas Hayek in co-operation with Volkswagen . With a design focused on

549-399: A manual five-speed gearbox or "twinamic" dual-clutch automatic transmission instead of the previous 'Softouch' system. During development, Daimler had consulted with Ford to learn about their Ecoboost 1.0-litre turbo-charged inline 3-cylinder engine , in turn sharing information about its own Euro6 stratified lean-burn gasoline engines. Prior to its debut, Smart CEO Annette Winkler reported

610-505: A modern microcar with an electric or hybrid drive, VW vacillated, disputes with Hayek ensued, and Hayek turned to Mercedes. The company MCC ( M icro C ompact C ar AG) was founded in 1994 by Hayek in Biel as a joint subsidiary of Daimler-Benz and SMH SA (Société Suisse de Microélectronique et d'Horlogerie). When MCC abandoned the original concept and the planned electric or hybrid drive, both Hayek and senior development team members left

671-579: A new battery as required. Third-generation models receive a five-speed manual transmission or dual-clutch automatic transmission. With an overall length (first generation: 2.5 m (98.4 in)) approximately equal to the width of regular parking space, a Smart Fortwo can park perpendicularly in spaces typically designed for parallel parking , allowing two Smarts to park in one space—a manner of parking not permissible in many jurisdictions worldwide (e.g. Austria, New Zealand and California). The first-generation, build series MC01 debuted in 1998 and received

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732-453: A rating for the diesel engine). At the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show , Smart debuted the "micro hybrid drive" (MHD) version of the Fortwo, which was subsequently launched in the UK in 2008. The technology features an automated start-stop system , and a belt-driven starter-generator, which replaces both the starter and alternator . The system generates electricity to charge the battery when the driver

793-594: A result of increasing costs to comply with stricter safety and especially emissions standards, which makes minicars nearly unprofitable, especially considering that for most models from European brands this is the only market. In the United States, minicar segment cars represented 0.5% of the market share. In 2020 the highest selling minicar segment cars in the U.S. were the Chevrolet Spark , Mitsubishi Mirage and Mini Cooper . In India, historically

854-471: A special edition named "Brazilian Edition" which was offered only in yellow (in reference to the Brazilian Flag) with a Brazilian flag sticker on both sides, and turbocharged versions named "standard" (no name), Tritop, and Passion. The mhd were offered only in "coupé" configuration with no sunroof, and turbocharged versions were offered in both coupé (with sunroof) and cabrio variants. A few units of

915-447: A sport exhaust with dual center tips, sport suspension, 16- front and 17-inch rear wheels, power steering and various Brabus visual cues. An originally planned turbocharged engine was not included. The Brabus package is available in cabriolet or coupe body styles, the latter equipped with a panoramic roof (made of glass for the first generation and polycarbonate for the second), and available in metallic silver or deep black. Designed under

976-605: A standard Smart Fortwo). Overall, due to poor sales, Daimler lost an estimated €4,470 per first-generation Fortwo produced. In 2002, a version of the Smart Fortwo without a roof, doors or a proper windshield was created, called the Smart Crossblade . Only 2,000 were built. The second generation, build series 451 (internally: C451, Coupé – A451, Cabrio), was introduced on November 1, 2006—its length increased by 200 mm to 2,690 mm (106.1 in) and offering improved crash performance. The second generation retained

1037-401: A third in 2020, which translates to nearly 400,000 fewer sales and means the segment loses market share as the overall market is down 24%. As a result, this segment now makes up 6.8% of the total European car market, down from 7.7% last year. And their share is expected to shrink further in coming years, as manufacturers are pulling out of this segment or switching their models to EV-only. This is

1098-524: A word that "appeared in no dictionary but nonetheless defined the ideal vehicle for agriculture and forestry". Two pages were devoted to the future of nuclear power , incorporating four pictures of nuclear explosions, but concluding that on the grounds of cost, oil-based fuels were likely to continue to power motor vehicles in the immediate future because of the high cost of "atomic fuel" (Atombetriebsstoff) . The second edition appeared in January 1947, and

1159-491: Is a German automobile magazine . It is published fortnightly by Motor Presse Netzwerk's subsidiary Motor Presse Stuttgart, a specialist magazine publisher that is 59.9% owned by the publishing house Gruner + Jahr . Motor und Sport was initially published in 1923 in Pößneck , Germany. It was founded by Fritz Pullig  [ de ] and Felicitas Von Reznicek. Pullig began his career by racing motorcycles in 1912 at

1220-473: Is available as a coupe or cabriolet , originally called the "City-Coupé" & "cabrio", now the "fortwo" & "fortwo Cabrio", introduced in 2000 and restyled in 2002. Trim levels include the Pure, Pulse, and Passion. Pure models are fitted with the standard audio system but nothing else; Pulse models are fitted with alloy wheels, panoramic glass roof, and paddle-shifters on the steering wheel (2004+); and finally,

1281-486: Is braking, and automatically cuts the engine when the speed drops below 5 mph (8 km/h). Smart claims a fuel efficiency improvement of eight percent from 50 miles per US gallon (4.7 L/100 km; 60 mpg ‑imp ) to almost 55 miles per US gallon (4.3 L/100 km; 66 mpg ‑imp ) on the slow NEDC drive cycle—with a reduction in Carbon dioxide emissions from 112 to 103 g/km. This

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1342-463: Is half leather and half alcantara with red stitching. The seats use the smaller, non sport foams. This is unusual as all other Brabus 450 Fortwo's use the wider sports style seat foams. The door card inserts are alcantara with leather door pockets with the dash board finished in alcantara with an aluminium Brabus plaque displayed in the centre. None of these vehicles had heated seats or electric wing mirrors. All Brabus Edition Red Fortwo's are equipped with

1403-581: Is marketed as the Tridion cell and can be ordered in a contrasting color to the vehicle's body panels. Fortwo models are manufactured at Smartville —a dedicated Daimler assembly plant in Hambach , France—in Coupé (i.e., hatchback) and Cabrio (i.e., convertible) body styles, each in a mono-box configuration. Smartville underwent a 200 million euro upgrade beginning in mid-2013 for the third generation. With

1464-451: Is offered in naturally aspirated and turbo versions. German tuner company Brabus, in a joint venture with Smart, has developed a high powered version of the 1.0-litre turbo, producing 102 PS (75 kW; 101 bhp), originally available only in Europe, but now available elsewhere. A small 0.8-litre three-cylinder turbo diesel common rail engine made by Mercedes was available in most European markets. EU fuel consumption testing for

1525-507: The Nurburgring . Pullig was also an aviation pioneer (his first flight was at what is now Hangelarer Airport on 17 July 1909) and became a flight instructor in 1913. He served as a soldier in WWI and WWII . After the latter, Pullig became an acclaimed author, writing over 30 novels . Notable works include Lockfuhrer Lund (1940), Du bist nicht Sylvia (1939) and Der Held seiner Liebe . In

1586-479: The 2008 Smart Fortwo earned the top overall rating of "Good" in both the front and side crash tests. The Fortwo received the "Good" score in 8 of 11 measured injury categories. Its seat/head restraints earned the second-highest rating of "Acceptable" for protection against whiplash in rear impacts. The IIHS did an offset crash test with a Smart Fortwo and Mercedes-Benz C-Class , which is 40% of one car's driver's side head-on with 40% of another car's driver's side, and

1647-590: The A-pillars. Smart claims the standard power soft top will open or close in 12 seconds, and can be operated at any speed. At market launch, 5 soft top colors were offered; black, red, grey, beige and brown. Grey, beige and brown tops were marketed as BRABUS tailor made soft tops. The smart fortwo cabrio featured removable roof bars that stow into an integrated storage space in the fortwo's rear tailgate. When removed, these roof bars allowed for an open-air driving experience. The fortwo's roof bars were not integrated into

1708-638: The A-segment cars had the highest sales. Sales have been in decline in recent years, falling from 70,000 sales per month in 2014 to 47,000 sales per month in 2016. As of 2019, several A-segment cars had successes outside Europe, such as Hyundai Grand i10 , Honda Brio , Kia Picanto , Tata Tiago , Toyota Wigo , Suzuki Celerio , Suzuki Wagon R , Suzuki/Maruti Alto , Ford Figo , Smart ForTwo , Citroën C1 , Peugeot 108 , and modern Fiat 500 . Auto, Motor und Sport Auto Motor und Sport , (stylized in all lowercase ) and abbreviated AMS or AMuS ,

1769-487: The C453 Fortwo. In 2015, Smart announced a cabriolet version of the Smart Fortwo at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show. The smart fortwo cabrio launched globally in 2016. Cabrio models received additional safety cell reinforcements to compensate for the roof openings, including torsional bulkheads beneath the car, a crossbar behind the passenger seats (sometimes referred to as a basket handle), and additional reinforcement of

1830-720: The C453 would share its 2.69 metre length with the current W451 as well as its trademark hemispherical steel safety cell, marketed as the Tridion cell. The ForTwo continues to be assembled at Smartville , and the ForFour is manufactured alongside the Renault Twingo 3 in Novo Mesto , Slovenia . Smartville, where the W450 and W451 have been manufactured, underwent a 200 million euro upgrade beginning in mid-2013, in preparation for

1891-503: The Cdi, had the lowest carbon dioxide emissions for an internal combustion engine, at 88 g/km rated NEDC cycle. Auto, Motor und Sport cites a drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.35 and Alles Auto cites a Cd of 0.345 for the second generation W451 series The first and second-generation Fortwo models employ an automated manual transmission , designed and manufactured by Getrag , where the clutch is computer-controlled via electrohydraulics, eliminating

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1952-542: The Fortwo featured a total of eight dual-stage airbags in the Coupe—front, knee, side (thorax/pelvis) and window curtain—and a total of six dual-stage airbags in the Cabrio model—front, knee, side (thorax/head) dual-stage airbags. As a part of the vehicle's Tridion cell and crash management system, the front crumple zone is maximized by the rear-mounted engine location. In Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) tests,

2013-745: The Fortwo, the Smart Fortwo electric drive , began development in 2006. Field testing began in London with 100 units in 2007, and the second generation, with a total of 2,000 units, was introduced in 2009 and available in 18 markets around the world for leasing or through the Car2Go carsharing service in San Diego and Amsterdam . Production of the second-generation Smart Fortwo electric drive began in November 2009 in Hambach , France. The Smart EDs have

2074-601: The New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMa) introduced a first generation ForTwo into its permanent collection (the only vehicle to be included into the collection while still in series production), and in 2014 the Fortwo was voted the Best Microcar for the fifth year in a row by readers of the Chinese edition of Auto, Motor und Sport . At the time of its commercial launch, the Smart Fortwo diesel-engined variant,

2135-468: The Passion models are fitted with air-conditioning and ability to select between fully automatic and sequential gearbox. Between 2006 and 2007 Brabus produced and sold 50 Smart Fortwo Edition Red cars for the UK market. All of these vehicles were originally produced with a black Tridion safety cell and black plastic panels, the car was then later repainted at Brabus in (EB6 colour code) Intense Red. The car

2196-501: The Smart received a "Poor" rating due to the occupants' heads slamming into the steering wheel. Also, there was too much intrusion into the footwell of the Smart Fortwo. The dummy movement was not well controlled. The Smart Fortwo spun 450 degrees in the air upon impact. U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test results for the 2008 Smart Fortwo: Euro NCAP crash results: An all-electric version of

2257-446: The United States & Canada. Both the coupe and cabrio electric drive models lost the electric drive badges front and rear and received smart EQ fortwo badges in their place, and received updated graphics in the optional smart Media-System. In autumn 2019, a facelift model was announced to be available with electric drive beginning in 2020. Tech specs remained the same. The smart was initially available only in left-hand-drive form, as

2318-557: The combined cycle rates the 1.0-litre mhd at 65.7 mpg ‑imp (4.30 L/100 km; 54.7 mpg ‑US ), the turbo at 57.6 mpg ‑imp (4.90 L/100 km; 48.0 mpg ‑US ) and 85.6 mpg ‑imp (3.30 L/100 km; 71.3 mpg ‑US ) for the diesel. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rates the 1.0-litre at 36 mpg ‑US (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg ‑imp ) combined (the EPA does not offer

2379-510: The direction of Kai Sieber with designer Michael Gebhardt, the third generation launched on July 16, 2014, having been jointly developed with Renault . The third generation was available as the 3-door 2-seater (internally designated as the C453 ) and 5-door 4-seater (internally designated the W453 ), marketed as the Fortwo and Forfour, respectively. Motor Trend reported prior to its introduction that

2440-595: The early 1950s, Pullig was a prototype test driver for Daimler Benz and Opel car prototypes in Frankfurt and tested over 345 prototype cars. In 1963 Pullig died sitting behind the steering wheel of his car in a garage in Mainz, Germany. Felicitas Von Reznicek co-authored to Motor und Sport magazine with Fritz Pullig. She authored many novels throughout her career. One of the novels was Hitler’s Spy Princess, based on Von Reznicek's tale of how she became implicated in

2501-457: The floorpan allowed only for a left-hand-drive version. Smart subsequently designed a floorpan for right-hand-drive models. The Fortwo is now marketed in 37 countries worldwide. Australia : The Smart Fortwo was marketed through select Mercedes-Benz dealers in Australia from 2003 to 2015 in only the middle 'Pulse' range, and with the petrol engine. In 2007, the base price for the Fortwo coupé

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2562-1044: The fortwo Brabus were also offered in Brazil in the year 2010. In 2016, Mercedes-Benz decided to discontinue offer of the fortwo in Brazilian market, hence Brazilian customers never had the option of the 453. City car A-segment sales represented approximately 7–8% of the market in the 2010s. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan. As of 2021, the A-segment category size spans from approximately 2.7 metres (110 in) to 3.7 metres (150 in). Body styles for A-segment cars in Europe are always hatchbacks . But as crossovers gain popularity, new models may shift to resemble crossovers. Examples of crossover city cars include Suzuki Ignis and Toyota Aygo X . Other body styles such as sedans are not present in this segment because these shapes largely prove impractical at typical A-segment dimensions. In 2020

2623-473: The interchangeable plastic body panels as well as the prominent exposed, rigid steel safety cell, which is 50% high-strength steel, hot-dip galvanized and powder-coated—and marketed as Tridion . The range received a minor interior facelift for the 2011 model year with standard knee airbags, new instrument cluster, more extensive cloth trimming for the top of the instrument panel, circular rather than rectangular outboard dash vents, optional multimedia system with

2684-538: The magazine was 494,000 copies in the period 2001–2002. Managing editors Ralph Alex and Jens Katemann took over from Bernd Ostmann in September 2012. Earlier managing editors included Ferdinand Simoneit . Motor Presse Netzwerk issues a yearly publication called Auto Katalog , usually in August. This highly respected publication is an excellent resource and is issued in other languages as well. Its main shortcoming

2745-412: The need for a clutch pedal. The first generation used a six-speed version, and the second generation uses a five-speed version, model 5AMT130. Input from floor-mounted shifter or optional steering-wheel-mounted paddles controls a servo-operated clutch and an automated manual gearbox. The vehicle may be driven in automatic mode (early models had the option of fully automatic mode or standard "soft-tip" which

2806-686: The project. "Today's gasoline-powered Smart is a product from Daimler-Benz and has not much in common with the plans of the former Swatch team." The Fortwo is noted for its 2.5-metre (8.2 ft) – 2.69-metre (8.8 ft) overall length, high H-point seating, offset passenger and driver seats (in the first and second generation, the passenger seat is 15 centimetres further rearward than the driver's), automated manual transmission (1st and 2nd generation), De Dion tube rear suspension, low CO 2 emissions (119 grams per kilometre, North America, 1.0 Liter), two-part rear hatch, interchangeable plastic body panels and prominent steel hemispherical safety-cell, which

2867-491: The safety structure of the car, and only housed the guide rails for the soft top to close. Smart announced in March 2018 that electric versions of the smart fortwo would be branded as the smart EQ fortwo. This change was to further align with the upcoming Mercedes EQ brand in which all Mercedes-Benz produced electric vehicles would receive EQ branding. The rebranding occurred for global March 2018 production, or Model Year 2018.5 in

2928-545: The second generation, Smart introduced a version with automatic start-stop , marketed as the MHD, or Micro-Hybrid Drive —offered only in certain markets. A sport model, marketed as the Brabus model, has been available in both generations, and Daimler introduced the Smart electric drive , an all-electric version, in 2007. The Fortwo forms the basis for Daimler's Car2go fleet, the largest car-sharing enterprise worldwide. In 2002,

2989-460: The ten highest selling A-segment cars in Europe were Fiat Panda , Fiat 500 , Toyota Aygo , Renault Twingo , Volkswagen Up! , Hyundai i10 , Kia Picanto , Peugeot 108 , Citroën C1 and Suzuki Ignis . 100,000 - 200,000 sales (Best-Selling) 50,000 - 100,000 sales 10,000 - 50,000 sales rank (2021–2022) 2019 - In 2019, sales of minicars were down 2% compared to a total market gain of 1% which means this segment now makes up 7.7% of

3050-485: The third generation ForFour was to share approximately 70% of its parts with the third generation Renault Twingo , itself only offered as a four-door, four-seater. The third generation Fortwo was powered by either of two 3-cylinder engines: a 1.0-litre engine producing 76 bhp and 70 lb ft of torque, or a turbocharged 0.9-litre (898 cc) 89 bhp engine with 100 lb ft of torque. A lower-powered 59 bhp engine will follow later. All versions came with either

3111-428: The total European car market at 1.21 million sales, down from 8% in 2018. And with margins on minicars under pressure due to increased costs to comply with stricter safety and emissions standards, manufacturers are scaling back investments in to minicars or switching to an EV-only strategy. In Italy, A-segment cars represented 16.4% of car sales in the first half of 2019. 2020 - European sales of minicars were down by

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3172-441: The upgraded hardware is from the 60 kW motor with a different tune. Brabus upgrades over a standard 698cc Smart Fortwo include a 60 kW camshaft, 60 kW yellow Bosch injectors, 60 kW turbo charger, 60 kW turbo to intercooler pipe (TIK), Brabus branded central twin outlet exhaust with chrome tips, aluminium Brabus intake manifold name plaque and the gearbox from a Smart Roadster (different gear ratios compared with

3233-432: Was A$ 19,900, and the Fortwo cabriolet was $ 22,900. Mercedes-Benz stopped selling the Smart brand in Australia in 2015 due to declining sales. The smart Fortwo was officially marketed through select Mercedes-Benz dealers in Brazil only from 2009 to 2015 (exclusively in its second generation), only with petrol engines. It was offered with the "micro-hybrid drive" natural aspirated engine (mhd) in standard configuration with

3294-428: Was 406,474 copies for the 2010–2011 period, making it the ninth best-selling European automobile magazine. Its 2013 circulation was about 370,000 copies. In 1996, a special anniversary issue featured a Berlin subscriber who had retained every copy of Auto Motor und Sport since the age of 17; just over a year after his father's car had been confiscated by a Russian officer, he had first subscribed. The circulation of

3355-636: Was a double issue covering February 1947; this approach was enforced by paper rationing. By 1950 an expanding circulation had enabled relocation to larger premises in Stuttgart . During the 1960s, demand for circulation increased from approximately 150,000 copies to approximately 400,000. This reflected rapid growth in West German registrations, with 4.5 million cars registered in 1960, rising to 12.5 million in 1969. Readership continued to increase. Sales peaked in 1991 at 523,387 copies. Circulation

3416-524: Was a nationalist myopia, resulting in a strong focus on German models. Yearly sales figures and an in-depth technical section are included. International versions are published in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Mexico , Norway , Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey. At one point the English-only language edition

3477-400: Was built with the usual Brabus additions to the exterior, these being Brabus front grill (with fog lights), Brabus front splitter, Brabus side skirts, black plastic Brabus rear exhaust panel and 16 inch Brabus Monoblock alloy wheels. These vehicles were always rumoured to be Brabus Nightrun Fortwo's that were later reworked. The interior was bespoke to this limited run of vehicles. The interior

3538-489: Was further improved to 97 g/km in 2010. The mhd version of the Fortwo is not available in the United States or Canada. At introduction, the second generation featured front airbags as well as seat-mounted combination head/thorax side airbags along with the Tridion cell, seat belt tensioners, anti-lock brakes , brake force distribution and electronic stability control . In the United States from model year 2012 onward,

3599-718: Was launched at the 2006 Bologna Motor Show . The third generation Fortwo (2014–2024) was internally designated as the C453 build series, and debuted globally on July 16, 2014, at the Tempodrom in Berlin along with a closely related four-door version, the Smart Forfour , co-developed and sharing the same platform and engines with the third-generation Renault Twingo . Marketed in 46 countries worldwide, Fortwo production had surpassed 1.7 million units by early 2015. The brand name Smart supposedly derives from its early history as

3660-410: Was manual mode indicated by no button on the gearshift) or in semi-automatic (half-automatic) mode via paddle-shifters, where the operator controls the shift points but cannot feather or adjust the speed of the clutch. From 2009, revised transmission software enabled smoother and faster gear changes. The software, available via an ECU upgrade, was also made available for 2008 second generation cars, with

3721-402: Was unveiled at the September 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show . Key differences with the second-generation model include a more powerful electric motor, which improves acceleration and top speed, a new lithium-ion battery pack that will allow to increase the range to 140 kilometres (87 mi), and an option for quick-charge will be available. Brabus (styled BRABUS) is a sport package that include

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