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48-532: The Smith Family Cemetery , in Nauvoo, Illinois , is the burial place of Joseph Smith , his wife Emma , and brother Hyrum . Joseph Smith's parents Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack Smith are also buried there, as are Joseph Smith's brothers Samuel and Don Carlos . Others buried there include Robert B. Thompson and Emma Smith's second husband Lewis C. Bidamon . Overlooking the Mississippi River ,

96-426: A Sauk and Meskwaki settlement numbering nearly 500 lodges. By 1827, white settlers had built cabins in the area. By 1829 this area of Hancock County had grown sufficiently so that a post office was needed and in 1832 the town, by then called Venus , was one of the contenders for the new county's seat. However, the honor was awarded to a nearby city, Carthage . In 1834 the name Venus was changed to Commerce because

144-459: A Community of Christ (Formerly known as The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), and three wards of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Nauvoo is at 40°33′N 91°22′W  /  40.550°N 91.367°W  / 40.550; -91.367 (40.5446, −91.3803). Situated on a wide bend in the Mississippi River , Nauvoo has most of the historic district in

192-464: A female householder with no husband present, and 21.73% were non-families. 17.25% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.27% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 2.88. The city's age distribution consisted of 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 10.6% from 45 to 64, and 28.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

240-631: A large, two-story house" and while there, self-published five issues of the periodical Chronicles of the North American Savage . He sold the town and 19,000 acres of land in the Half-Breed Tract of Iowa to Joseph Smith , leader of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , after the forced expulsion of its members from Missouri. The Iowa land was called the Zarahemla Stake. Galland also sold Smith many acres on

288-402: A new temple on the site of the original temple . The exterior, and much of the interior, is a copy of the original. The exterior matches the original exactly except in three ways: The temple was positioned 12.5 feet (3.8 m) south to allow for parking on the north side, there are two new exterior doors (with an entrance on the north for disabled persons and emergency exits in the basement on

336-673: A portrait painted by George Caleb Bingham , now in the collection of the State Historical Museum of Iowa , the same year that he ran for the Illinois state senate. His political opponent accused him of dishonest land dealings and Galland lost again. Galland speculated with land in the Half-Breed Tract in Lee County, Iowa Territory , which was designated for families of white traders who took Indian wives, so

384-620: A year. Within that capacity he transcribed Smith's "'revelations' ... and he came to the conclusion that the prophet's claim to supernatural powers was a fraud." In 1840, he published Galland's Iowa Emigrant to promote immigration to the Iowa Territory. He then published Dr. Galland's Reply to Various Falsehoods, Misstatements, and Misrepresentations Concerning the LDS's Reproach called Mormons in July 1841. Around 1842, Galland withdrew from

432-506: Is also home to Baxter's Vineyards, a small family-owned winery begun in 1857 by Emile Baxter that is Illinois' oldest established winery . Tourism is the major industry in Nauvoo, with Nauvoo Restoration Inc., employing approximately 30, while an estimated 200 missionaries (unpaid) from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints also provide a boost to local businesses during the tourist season. Due to lack of sustainable industries,

480-430: Is also home to the private Sts. Peter & Paul Catholic School, which provides a faith based education for students from preschool through 6th grade. Nauvoo is home to three parks one of which is a state park. Nauvoo is serviced by Memorial Medical Clinic, whose main campus is approximately 24 miles (38.6 km) east of Nauvoo. There is a Walk-In Clinic located within the city itself. Isaac Galland Galland

528-515: Is land and 1.44 square miles (3.73 km ) (or 29.85%) is water. Non-census data indicates that the population of Nauvoo grew from 100 in 1839 to about 4,000 in 1842, 12,000 in 1844, and stood at about 11,000 in 1845. As of the 2020 census there were 950 people, 313 households, and 245 families residing in the city. The population density was 196.81 inhabitants per square mile (75.99/km ). There were 645 housing units at an average density of 133.62 per square mile (51.59/km ). The racial makeup of

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576-399: Is now Lee County, Iowa , where he practiced medicine and founded a trading post. He promoted Nashville as a future commercial center and when families joined the settlement, Galland hired a teacher and built a log house founding the first school in a what would become Iowa Territory . In the harsh frontier conditions, his wife died, leaving him with two very young children. In 1832, before

624-881: The Community of Christ , formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (RLDS); other groups stemming from the Latter Day Saint movement ; and the Icarians . The city and its immediate surrounding area are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Nauvoo Historic District . The area of Nauvoo was first called Quashquema , named in honor of the Native American chief who headed

672-564: The Hebrew : נָאווּ , Modern :   Navu , Tiberian :   Nâwû , 'they are beautiful') is a small city in Hancock County, Illinois , United States, on the Mississippi River near Fort Madison, Iowa . The population of Nauvoo was 950 at the 2020 census . Nauvoo attracts visitors for its historic importance and its religious significance to members of several groups: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ;

720-590: The poverty line , including 36.9% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over. The Nauvoo Blue Cheese company began to produce cheese in the 1930s. It was discovered the cool, moist wine cellars in the area were ideal for aging cheese. The wine cellars, and the wine -making business originally started by the Icarians , saw a decline in use because of prohibition . In 2003 the Nauvoo Cheese company went out of business when Saputo food company purchased it and relocated to other facilities. Nauvoo

768-737: The " Williamsburg of the Midwest." In March 2007, Nauvoo was nominated to compete as one of the Seven Wonders of Illinois. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints sponsors numerous activities throughout the year in Nauvoo including The Nauvoo Pageant (July/August). The 2020 pageant was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The community sponsors the Grape Festival (Labor Day weekend) and Pumpkin Walk (October). Because most of

816-500: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, began to run each summer in 1976. A stake was organized with headquarters at Nauvoo in 1979. In addition to the many homes that had been restored, the Relief Society Memorial Garden was dedicated in 1978, featuring statues designed by Dennis Smith and Florence Hansen. In June 2002, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints completed construction of

864-659: The Illinois side of the Mississippi River, in what was called the Military tract. The Military tract was land given to U.S. Soldiers who had fought in the War of 1812 but were paid in land instead of money. These soldiers sold, often for pennies on the dollar, their land claims to speculators like Galland. Galland then in turned sold land to the Latter-day Saints on extremely liberal payment terms. Smith renamed

912-517: The Ohio River to Indiana Territory . He studied and practiced medicine among settlers, which is why he is referred to as "Doctor" Galland in some documents. He learned "several American Indian languages and gained the trust of the Indians, among whom he would live and trade for much of his life". He married his third wife, Hannah Kinney, on October 5, 1826. In 1827, they moved to a remote site on

960-629: The Smith family: M. Russell Ballard , an apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , and Wallace B. Smith , prophet-president of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints . (Ballard is a descendant of Hyrum Smith and Wallace B. Smith is a descendant of Joseph Smith.) 40°32′26″N 91°23′32″W  /  40.54055°N 91.3923°W  / 40.54055; -91.3923 Nauvoo, Illinois Nauvoo ( / ˈ n ɔː v uː / NAW -voo ; from

1008-504: The beginning of the Black Hawk War , Galland moved himself and his children back across the river to Fort Edwards at present day Warsaw, Illinois . Galland served as a colonel during the war, and at age 41, married (for a fourth and last time) on April 25, 1833, Elizabeth Wilcox. She was the sister of the commanding officer at Fort Edwards. Galland ran for Illinois state representative in 1834, but lost. In about 1836, he sat for

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1056-448: The building. Following Church custom, the temple is now used only by Church members. The work to renovate various sites of historical significance in the area is coordinated by Nauvoo Restoration, Incorporated . NRI is a nonprofit organization supported by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Community of Christ, as well as others interested in Nauvoo's history. Due to the work of NRI and its members, Nauvoo has been dubbed

1104-506: The cemetery is located on Water Street, and is open 24 hours a day to visitors. The site is owned and maintained by the Community of Christ . The Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack Smith Family foundation funds the maintenance of the cemetery. Community of Christ stated on 15 March 2024 they are exploring "gifting the cemetery to the Smith Family Foundation." In 1991, the cemetery was renovated and dedicated by two members of

1152-643: The church and moved west across the river a second time. From 1842 to 1853 he resided in Keokuk, Iowa Territory . In 1851, at age 60, Galland ran for the Iowa state legislature, but again lost. His land transactions were scrutinized, and he decided to leave "until his legal difficulties were resolved". In 1853, Galland moved to Sacramento, California , eventually settling in Petaluma, California , only to return three years later in 1856 to Fort Madison . He died there at

1200-425: The church, as well as other significant buildings. Most of these sites are open to the public, with demonstrations and displays, and there are self-guided driving tours as well as wagon tours. These tours are free, as are the stage and riverside theatrical productions. There is a large visitors' center complete with two theaters and a relief map of 1846 Nauvoo. The creation of Nauvoo as a historical tourism destination

1248-800: The citizens of the Nauvoo FPD passed a referendum by 74% on April 17, 2007, for ambulance services that would transfer the ambulance tax money to the FPD that was being paid to the county. The Nauvoo FPD completed its fundraising efforts on November 30, 2007, to purchase its ambulance, which entered service in January 2008. The Nauvoo-Colusa Community Unit School District 325 runs the local elementary and junior high school. Prior to 2008 high school residents attended Nauvoo-Colusa High School from 1961 to 2008. Since 2008 residents have attended Warsaw Community Unit School District 316 's Warsaw High School . Nauvoo

1296-539: The city are the Nauvoo Fire Protection District (FPD) and Nauvoo-Colusa School System. The Nauvoo FPD covers all of the city plus the surrounding five townships. The fire department currently provides both fire and EMS coverage for its district. In 1991 the Nauvoo FPD became a BLS non-transporting agency, relying on the county ambulance service to transport patients to local hospitals. Because of longer response times from county-run ambulances,

1344-607: The city has lost several key businesses and services including the High School and multiple small businesses. Nauvoo City government consists of the Mayor and five city council members. The position of City Clerk is also elected. Additionally, there are appointed positions for City Treasurer, Chief of Police, and Public Works positions. Tacy Nelson is the acting mayor with the councilmen as follows: Jim Boyles, Brenda Adkisson, Barb Schafer, Ron Grant and Scott Sumner. Separate from

1392-640: The city is well above flood level, Nauvoo has not historically had problems when the Mississippi river has risen. In both the floods of 1993 and 2008, very little damage was sustained within city limits. Topography maps show a unique feature of Nauvoo with main street starting at the edge of the Mississippi River on the south side of town and ending at the Mississippi River's edge on the north. Nauvoo has many places of worship, among them: United Methodist Church, St Peter & Paul Catholic Church, Cornerstone of Zion Church, Living Hope Church (Non-denominational),

1440-399: The city was 90.95% White , 0.32% African American , 1.16% Native American , 0.21% Asian , 0.11% Pacific Islander , 1.26% from other races , and 6.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.84% of the population. There were 313 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.41% were married couples living together, 7.67% had

1488-752: The city's vicissitudes, with large empty spaces between them where houses and whole neighborhoods have disappeared. The Community of Christ previously owned much of the southern end of the flatlands as well as several key historic sites in and around Nauvoo, including the Joseph Smith Homestead, the Nauvoo House , the Red Brick Store , the Mansion House , and the Smith Family Cemetery . On March 5, 2024, it

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1536-657: The departure of the Icarians, Nauvoo became the largest German-speaking community in Illinois and remained so for fifty years. German was spoken widely in town and in the Catholic, Lutheran, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches. During this period, wine-making and fruit production thrived in Nauvoo. Notable residents from this era included the Swiss memoirist Heinrich Lienhard . During World War I , most of Nauvoo's native-German speaking residents stopped using German in public, and

1584-503: The dire plight of the Saints, Galland offered Barlow to sell the Saints the properties on good terms, an offer that Barlow relayed to Church leaders. The Church purchased the property from Galland in 1839 and the dispersed Saints once again began to gather together, particularly along the Mississippi River at Commerce. In April 1840 Commerce was renamed Nauvoo by Joseph Smith , who led the Latter-day Saints there to escape conflict with

1632-513: The east) and there is a standing Angel Moroni as is seen on most modern temples; the original was an unspecified flying angel, also with a horn in hand but in a horizontal position with the compass, square and flame above. The rebuilding of the Nauvoo Temple was an occasion of great joy and enthusiasm for members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. During the public open house prior to its dedication, 331,849 visitors toured

1680-408: The eastern bank of the Mississippi River at Yellow Banks, the site of present-day Oquawka, Illinois , where he established a trading post. Two years later, in 1829, Galland sold his post and moved across the river arriving in unorganized U.S. territory, four years before permanent settlement began in Iowa. He established the settlement of Nashville on the west bank of the Mississippi River in what

1728-617: The legality of his land titles were questionable. In 1837, he platted the original town of Keokuk, Iowa (then in Wisconsin Territory ) with David W. Kilbourne. The same year, Galland founded the newspapers Western Adventurer and Herald of the Upper Mississippi to encourage development. He bought land across the river in Illinois and "laid out the town of Commerce". In the winter of 1838–39, Galland moved from Fort Edwards to Commerce. He lived with his family "in

1776-477: The lower flat lands (called the flats ) that are no more than a few feet above the water line. A prominent hill rises as one moves further east, at the apex of which stands the rebuilt Nauvoo Temple . Beginning with the temple, this elevated land (called the uptown ) continues flat for many miles eastward. According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Nauvoo has a total area of 4.83 square miles (12.51 km ), of which 3.39 square miles (8.78 km ) (or 70.15%)

1824-466: The settlement on the east side of the river Nauvoo and encouraged Latter-day Saints to settle there. In July 1839, Galland was baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and ordained an elder . He served missions to New Jersey and Pennsylvania and traveled east with Hyrum Smith to raise money to construct the Nauvoo Temple . He also served as Smith's secretary for over

1872-469: The settlers felt the new name better suited their plans. In late 1838, Apostle Brigham Young counseled Israel Barlow and 32 other Latter-day Saints to leave Far West, Missouri , to search for a place for more than 12,000 homeless Saints to find refuge. While journeying in exile, Barlow would separate from the group and eventually make the acquaintance of Dr. Isaac Galland , the owner of land near Montrose, Iowa , and Commerce, Illinois. After hearing of

1920-554: The state government in Missouri. The name Nauvoo is derived from the traditional Hebrew language with an anglicized spelling. The word comes from Isaiah 52:7, "How beautiful upon the mountains..." By 1844 "Nauvoo's population had swollen to 12,000, rivaling the size of Chicago " at the time. John C. Bennett , Smith's Assistant President and first commander of the Nauvoo Legion , was elected mayor of Nauvoo in 1841. He

1968-472: The use of German had entirely faded away by World War II . On the city's higher ground are the temple, residential areas, and the business district along Mulholland Street (Illinois Route 96), much of it devoted to the needs of tourists and those interested in Latter-day Saint history. The flatlands are occupied by a small number of 19th-century brick houses and other buildings that have survived

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2016-412: Was 38.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 50,938, and the median income for a family was $ 53,224. Males had a median income of $ 38,500 versus $ 12,708 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,386. About 23.3% of families and 30.2% of the population were below

2064-585: Was announced that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had acquired all of these properties with the exception of the Smith Family Cemetery as part of a larger transfer of historically significant properties and artifacts from the Community of Christ. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints also owns most of the other historic sites in Nauvoo, including the homes of Brigham Young , Heber C. Kimball , and other early members of

2112-558: Was born in Somerset, Pennsylvania on May 15, 1791, to Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno during their move from Norfolk, Virginia , to the Western frontier. He was the second of five children. His siblings were Abel (March 9, 1787 – 1857), Matthew Jr. (1794–1812), David (May 10, 1795 – November 26, 1872), and Mary (Polly) (September 8, 1798 – April 27, 1870). Shortly after his birth, his family relocated to land near Marietta, Ohio , which

2160-544: Was largely a result of the work of J. LeRoy Kimball (1901–1992). Kimball was a descendant of early LDS leader Heber C. Kimball , and bought his ancestor's home in 1954 with the intention of restoring it. He was the president of Nauvoo Restoration, Inc. from 1962 to 1986. A Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints congregation was established in Nauvoo in 1956, from its inception consisting largely of elderly LDS couples serving as missionaries and historical guides. The City of Joseph pageant, an outdoor musical produced by

2208-617: Was located in Ohio's Donation Tract . "The remote location of the Galland homestead did not hinder Isaac's education, since his mother, an educated woman, took on the responsibility of teaching him as much as she could until he was thirteen." Although little is known of his teenage life before his marriage at 18, according to family tradition, he left Marietta to study at The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg , Virginia, when he

2256-623: Was replaced by Smith himself in 1842. After Smith's death two years later, continued violence from surrounding non-LDS members forced most Latter-day Saints to leave Nauvoo. Most of these followers, led by Brigham Young , emigrated to the Great Salt Lake Valley . In 1849, Icarians moved to the Nauvoo area to implement a utopian socialist commune based on the ideals of French philosopher Étienne Cabet . The colony had nearly 500 members at its peak, but Cabet's death in 1856 led some members to leave this parent colony. After

2304-870: Was thirteen; some sources indicate that he left home to search for gold in Mexico, was seized by the Spanish government, and spent one year in a Santa Fe prison for "suspicion of evil design." Galland married Nancy Harris on March 22, 1811, in Madison County, Ohio . Five years later, in 1816, he married his second wife, Margaret Knight, and moved to Washington County, Indiana . He relocated several times, living in Owen County, Indiana , by 1820 and Edgar County, Illinois , shortly thereafter. He moved to Horselick Grove (later Hancock County), Illinois , in 1824. Galland left both women behind when he traveled down

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