IEEE Computer Society (commonly known as the Computer Society or CS ) is a technical society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) dedicated to computing, namely the major areas of hardware, software, standards and people, "advancing the theory, practice, and application of computer and information processing science and technology." It was founded in 1946 and is the largest of 39 technical societies organized under the IEEE Technical Activities Board with over 375,000 members in 150 countries, more than 100,000 being based in the United States alone.
35-640: The Software Process Achievement Award is a non-competitive award offered by the IEEE Computer Society and Software Engineering Institute (SEI) and annually presented for outstanding and innovative contributions to the field of software quality. Award recipients receive an engraved commemorative plaque and make several presentations at appropriate practitioner and researcher community events. Award recipients also produce an SEI Technical Report describing their accomplishments, experiences, and lessons learned. The SEI helps produce this report and pays
70-401: A database for manufacturing. Designs made through CAD software help protect products and inventions when used in patent applications. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining , or other manufacturing operations. The terms computer-aided drafting ( CAD ) and computer-aided design and drafting ( CADD ) are also used. Its use in designing electronic systems
105-442: A new form of prototyping called digital prototyping . In contrast to physical prototypes, which entail manufacturing time in the design. That said, CAD models can be generated by a computer after the physical prototype has been scanned using an industrial CT scanning machine. Depending on the nature of the business, digital or physical prototypes can be initially chosen according to specific needs. Today, CAD systems exist for all
140-420: A new way for members to develop communities focusing on selected technical areas. Current topics include broadening participation, cloud computing, education, eGov, haptics, multicore, operating systems, smart grids, social networking, sustainable computing, systems engineering, and wearable and ubiquitous technologies. The IEEE Computer Society currently has 31 technical communities. A technical community (TC)
175-495: A number of key C modules with their own APIs . A CAD system can be seen as built up from the interaction of a graphical user interface (GUI) with NURBS geometry or boundary representation (B-rep) data via a geometric modeling kernel . A geometry constraint engine may also be employed to manage the associative relationships between geometry, such as wireframe geometry in a sketch or components in an assembly. Unexpected capabilities of these associative relationships have led to
210-478: A similar fashion to the 2D systems, although many 3D systems allow using the wireframe model to make the final engineering drawing views. 3D "dumb" solids are created in a way analogous to manipulations of real-world objects. Basic three-dimensional geometric forms (e.g., prisms, cylinders, spheres, or rectangles) have solid volumes added or subtracted from them as if assembling or cutting real-world objects. Two-dimensional projected views can easily be generated from
245-706: A variety of digital products. The Computer Society Digital Library (CSDL) is the primary repository of the Computer Society's digital assets and provides subscriber access to all CS publications, as well as conference proceedings and other papers, amounting to more than 810,000 pieces of content. In 2014, the IEEE Computer Society launched the complementary monthly digest Computing Edge magazine, which consists of curated articles from its magazines. The IEEE Computer Society sponsors more than 200 technical conferences each year and coordinates
280-755: A wide group of users. These include the CAVE or HMDs and interactive devices like motion-sensing technology Starting with the IBM Drafting System in the mid-1960s, computer-aided design systems began to provide more capabilitties than just an ability to reproduce manual drafting with electronic drafting, and the cost-benefit for companies to switch to CAD became apparent. The software automated many tasks that are taken for granted from computer systems today, such as automated generation of bills of materials , auto layout in integrated circuits , interference checking, and many others. Eventually, CAD provided
315-529: Is a technical community that oversees various technical activities related to computer hardware, integrated circuit design, and software for computer hardware design covering the computer-aided design (CAD) or electronic design automation (EDA) techniques to facilitate the very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design process. The VLSI may include various types of circuits and systems, such as digital circuits and systems, analog circuits, as well as mixed-signal circuits and systems. The emphasis of TCVLSI widely covers
350-469: Is a type of virtual construction engineering simulation incorporating time or schedule-related information for project management. CAD has become an especially important technology within the scope of computer-aided technologies , with benefits such as lower product development costs and a greatly shortened design cycle . CAD enables designers to layout and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing, saving time on their drawings. In
385-440: Is also used for the accurate creation of photo simulations that are often required in the preparation of environmental impact reports, in which computer-aided designs of intended buildings are superimposed into photographs of existing environments to represent what that locale will be like, where the proposed facilities are allowed to be built. Potential blockage of view corridors and shadow studies are also frequently analyzed through
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#1732798743526420-612: Is also widely used to produce computer animation for special effects in movies, advertising and technical manuals, often called DCC digital content creation . The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by engineers of the 1960s. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving force for research in computational geometry , computer graphics (both hardware and software), and discrete differential geometry . The design of geometric models for object shapes, in particular,
455-537: Is an international network of professionals with common interests in computer hardware, software, its applications, and interdisciplinary fields within the umbrella of the IEEE Computer Societyserving as the focal point of the various technical activities within a technical discipline which influences the standards development, conferences, publications, and educational activities of the IEEE Computer Society. Technical Community on VLSI (TCVLSI)
490-406: Is generally via a computer mouse but can also be via a pen and digitizing graphics tablet . Manipulation of the view of the model on the screen is also sometimes done with the use of a Spacemouse/SpaceBall . Some systems also support stereoscopic glasses for viewing the 3D model . Technologies that in the past were limited to larger installations or specialist applications have become available to
525-490: Is known as electronic design automation ( EDA ). In mechanical design it is known as mechanical design automation ( MDA ), which includes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use of computer software . CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector-based graphics to depict the objects of traditional drafting, or may also produce raster graphics showing the overall appearance of designed objects. However, it involves more than just shapes. As in
560-507: Is occasionally called computer-aided geometric design ( CAGD ). Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question. CAD is one part of the whole digital product development (DPD) activity within the product lifecycle management (PLM) processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as: CAD
595-760: Is used in the design of tools and machinery and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential types (houses) to the largest commercial and industrial structures (hospitals and factories). CAD is mainly used for detailed design of 3D models or 2D drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of manufacturing methods of components. It can also be used to design objects such as jewelry, furniture, appliances, etc. Furthermore, many CAD applications now offer advanced rendering and animation capabilities so engineers can better visualize their product designs. 4D BIM
630-492: The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Other educational activities include software development certification programs and online access to e-learning courseware and books. The IEEE Computer Society is a leading publisher of technical material in computing. Its publications include 12 peer-reviewed technical magazines and 25 scholarly journals called Transactions , as well as conference proceedings, books, and
665-786: The IEEE Women of the ENIAC Computer Pioneer Award or the W. Wallace McDowell Award ), Education Awards (e.g., Taylor L. Booth Education Award ), and Service Awards (e.g., Richard E. Merwin Distinguished Service Award). In 2018, the organization won First Place in the Los Angeles Press Club's annual Southern California Journalism Awards for "Untold Stories: Setting the Record Straight on Tech's Racial History", in
700-568: The 2000s, some CAD system software vendors shipped their distributions with a dedicated license manager software that controlled how often or how many users can utilize the CAD system. It could run either on a local machine (by loading from a local storage device) or a local network fileserver and was usually tied to a specific IP address in latter case. CAD software enables engineers and architects to design, inspect and manage engineering projects within an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) on
735-572: The IEEE Computer Society. The IEEE Computer Society maintains volunteer boards in six program areas: education, membership, professional activities, publications, standards, and technical, conference activities, and hosts over 190 conferences worldwide. In addition, 12 standing boards and committees administer activities such as the CS elections and its awards programs to recognize professional excellence. The IEEE Computer Society participates in ongoing development of college computing curricula, jointly with
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#1732798743526770-919: The Subcommittee on Large-Scale Computing, established in 1946 by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers ( AIEE ), and to the Professional Group on Electronic Computers (PGEC), established in 1951 by the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE). When the AIEE merged with the IRE in 1963 to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), these two committees became the IEEE Computer Group. The group established its own constitution and bylaws in 1971 to become
805-579: The authors an honorarium of $ 1500 to partially offset the expense of preparing their presentation and report. In 1994, the Software Process Achievement Award program was first established by the IEEE Computer Society. Since then, only nine companies have received this award, including renowned organizations such as Goddard Space Flight Center , Raytheon Company and Hughes Electronics . The SPA, granted annually, has been declared null as often as it has been granted, due to
840-418: The designer to create products that fit the human form and visual requirements as well as they interface with the machine. Originally software for CAD systems was developed with computer languages such as Fortran , ALGOL but with the advancement of object-oriented programming methods this has radically changed. Typical modern parametric feature-based modeler and freeform surface systems are built around
875-431: The designer with the ability to perform engineering calculations. During this transition, calculations were still performed either by hand or by those individuals who could run computer programs. CAD was a revolutionary change in the engineering industry, where draftsman, designer, and engineer roles that had previously been separate began to merge. CAD is an example of the pervasive effect computers were beginning to have on
910-441: The drawing process where scale and placement on the drawing sheet can easily be adjusted in the final draft as required, unlike in hand drafting. 3D wireframe is an extension of 2D drafting into a three-dimensional space . Each line has to be manually inserted into the drawing. The final product has no mass properties associated with it and cannot have features directly added to it, such as holes. The operator approaches these in
945-400: The industry. Current computer-aided design software packages range from 2D vector -based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modelers . Modern CAD packages can also frequently allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a designed object from any desired angle, even from the inside looking out. Some CAD software is capable of dynamic mathematical modeling. CAD technology
980-526: The integrating the design, CAD, fabrication, application, and business aspects of VLSI, encompassing both hardware and software. The Chair of the TCVLSI is elected by the voting members of TCVLSI. Other executive members of TCVLSI are appointed by the Chair. The IEEE Computer Society recognizes outstanding work by computer professionals who advance the field in three areas of achievement: Technical Awards (e.g.,
1015-740: The lack of candidates that meet the criteria of the recognition. So far, six North American companies, two Indian IT services providers, and one Colombian software development organization have received the accolade. IEEE Computer Society It operates as a "global, non-governmental, not-for-profit professional society" publishing 23 peer-reviewed journals, facilitating numerous technical committees, and developing IEEE computing standards, It maintains its headquarters in Washington, DC and additional offices in California , China , and Japan . The IEEE Computer Society traces its origins to
1050-405: The major platforms ( Windows , Linux , UNIX and Mac OS X ); some packages support multiple platforms. Currently, no special hardware is required for most CAD software. However, some CAD systems can do graphically and computationally intensive tasks, so a modern graphics card , high speed (and possibly multiple) CPUs and large amounts of RAM may be recommended. The human-machine interface
1085-625: The manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings , the output of CAD must convey information, such as materials , processes , dimensions , and tolerances , according to application-specific conventions. CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional (2D) space; or curves, surfaces , and solids in three-dimensional (3D) space. CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including automotive , shipbuilding , and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design ( building information modeling ), prosthetics , and many more. CAD
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1120-411: The minority/immigration reporting online category. Computer-aided design Computer-aided design ( CAD ) is the use of computers (or workstations ) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design . This software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create
1155-422: The models. Basic 3D solids do not usually include tools to easily allow the motion of the components, set their limits to their motion, or identify interference between components. There are several types of 3D solid modeling Top-end CAD systems offer the capability to incorporate more organic, aesthetic and ergonomic features into the designs. Freeform surface modeling is often combined with solids to allow
1190-547: The operation of several technical committees, councils, and task forces. The IEEE Computer Society maintains 12 standards committees to develop IEEE standards in various areas of computer and software engineering (e.g., the Design Automation Standards Committee and the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee). In 2010, the IEEE Computer Society introduced Special Technical Communities (STCs) as
1225-469: The use of CAD. There are several different types of CAD, each requiring the operator to think differently about how to use them and design their virtual components in a different manner. Virtually all of CAD tools rely on constraint concepts that are used to define geometric or non-geometric elements of a model. There are many producers of the lower-end 2D sketching systems, including a number of free and open-source programs. These provide an approach to
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