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88-399: Sorento may refer to: The Kia Sorento , automobile Sorento, Illinois , United States See also [ edit ] Sorrento (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sorento . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

176-530: A Wolverine -themed Sorento to promote the home media release of X-Men: Days of Future Past . The custom Sorento made its debut at the 2015 Australian Open , with a series of videos featuring Rafael Nadal teaming up with the X-Men to save the tennis event from the Sentinels . In January 2015, Kia released their Sorento Super Bowl XLIX commercial featuring Pierce Brosnan . The fourth generation Sorento

264-429: A clutchless manual , is a type of multi-speed automobile transmission system that is closely based on the mechanical design of a conventional manual transmission , and automates either the clutch system, the gear shifting, or both simultaneously, requiring partial, or no driver input or involvement. Earlier versions of these transmissions that are semi-automatic in operation, such as Autostick , control only

352-583: A 1.6-litre Hybrid petrol powertrain was added to the range, it comes solely in the SX Tech grade. The fourth-generation Sorento was launched in Mexico on 14 January 2021, in four trim levels: LX, EX, EX Pack and SX. All trim levels comes as a 7-seater, except for the SX that comes as a 6-seater. All variants are powered by a 2.5-litre GDi petrol engine. In November 2021, the 2.5-litre T-GDi turbocharged petrol engine

440-558: A 2.4-litre engine replaced the 2.0-litre engine on lower trim levels. The 2019 Kia Sorento features a 3.3-litre V6 engine on higher trim levels. The trim levels are available with all-wheel drive, except for the base L trim, which is only available with front-wheel drive. In the United States, the 2016 Kia Sorento is offered in five models, and four models within the United Kingdom. KX-1 base model, KX-2, KX-3 and KX-4 with

528-411: A 290 hp (294 PS; 216 kW) 3.3-litre Lambda II V6 , the existing 190 hp (193 PS; 142 kW) 2.4-litre GDi I4 that make the same output as the outgoing engine, and the new 240 hp (243 PS; 179 kW) 2.0-litre turbo I4. A 2.2-litre CRDi diesel engine with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) is also available. The third generation Sorento comes equipped with

616-670: A 3.5-litre MPi V6 petrol and a 2.2-litre CRDi turbocharged diesel; the latter options comes with all wheel drive as standard. In October 2021, the 1.6-litre Plug-in Hybrid petrol was added to the range, for the GT Line grade. In April 2022, the 1.6-litre Hybrid petrol was added for the GT Line grade, it has the option of all wheel drive. In January 2024, the facelifted Sorento range debuted in Australia with variants and powertrain choices remain unchanged. The fourth-generation Sorento

704-508: A constant angular velocity while the vehicle moves at varying speeds. CVTs are used in cars , tractors , UTVs , motor scooters , snowmobiles , and earthmoving equipment . The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain , however, several other designs have also been used. A dual-clutch transmission (DCT, sometimes referred to as a twin-clutch transmission , or double-clutch transmission ) uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets . The design

792-551: A faraway planet known as "Babylandia" and follows infant boys, girls, dogs, pandas and more on their journey to Earth to join their new families. After taking it all in, the curious child begins to offer an alternative theory passed on by a friend but his quick-thinking father calls upon UVO's voice-activated jukebox feature to hurriedly change the subject and survive another day in the adventures of parenthood. "Tight Space" (directed by Peter Darley Miller and Colin Jeffery) showed two of

880-479: A form of manual transmission which removed the reliance on the driver's skill to achieve smooth gear shifts. The first automatic transmission using hydraulic fluid was developed in 1932 by two Brazilian engineers, José Braz Araripe and Fernando Lehly Lemos. The evolution towards mass-produced automatic transmissions continued with the 1933–1935 REO Motor Car Company Self-Shifter semi-automatic transmission, which automatically shifted between two forward gears in

968-475: A gearbox, operated manually or automatically, to drive the wheels over a wide range of speeds. Globally, 43% of new cars produced in 2015 were manual transmissions, falling to 37% by 2020. Automatic transmissions have long been prevalent in the United States, but only started to become common in Europe much later. In Europe in 1997, only 10–12% of cars had automatic transmissions. In 1957 over 80% of new cars in

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1056-413: A manual transmission. The 1904 Sturtevant "horseless carriage gearbox" is often considered to be the first automatic transmission for motor vehicles. At higher engine speeds, high gear was engaged. As the vehicle slowed down and engine speed decreased, the gearbox would shift back to low. However, the transmission was prone to sudden failure, due to the transmission being unable to withstand forces from

1144-400: A patent was approved in the United States describing the operation of a transmission where the manual shifting of gears and manual operation of a clutch was eliminated. This patent was submitted by Henry R. Hoffman from Chicago and was titled: Automatic Gear Shift and Speed Control . The patent described the workings of such a transmission as "...having a series of clutches disposed intermediate

1232-448: A separate transmission control unit . This allows for more precise control of shift points, shift quality, lower shift times and manual control. The first five-speed automatic was the ZF 5HP18 transmission , debuting in 1991 on various BMW models. The first six-speed automatic was the ZF 6HP26 transmission , which debuted in the 2002 BMW 7 Series (E65) . The first seven-speed automatic was

1320-824: A six-speed manual transmission or six-speed automatic transmission. Drivetrains are front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive. The Kia Sorento received updates for 2018 or 2019 depending on market location, these included a new front grille, bumper covers and exterior lighting with similar design cues derived from the 2019 Kia Forte and the 2018 Kia Cadenza for the 2019 model year. The L, LX, EX and SX trim levels received refreshed projector beam headlamps with LED positioning lights. The SXL trim received new LED headlamps with LED daytime running lights, LED amber turn signal and positioning lights, and LED tail lamps. Other changes include new exterior colours, new wheels, third row seating now standard on all trim levels with all engine types, driver attention warning system added to all trim levels, and

1408-439: A traditional petrol-only engine (a 2.5-litre turbocharged four-cylinder, matched with an 8-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission, output at 281 hp (285 PS; 210 kW) and 311 lb⋅ft (422 N⋅m; 43.0 kg⋅m). A plug-in hybrid variation and additional petrol engine options are also being planned, along with a multi-collision brake system and a remote smartphone surround view monitor. The facelifted model

1496-543: Is a series of two-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive family SUVs manufactured by the South Korean manufacturer Kia since 2002 through four generations. Initially a compact SUV built on a body-on-frame chassis, the second-generation Sorento transitioned to a larger car-based platform which placed it into the mid-size crossover SUV class, and has been developed alongside the Hyundai Santa Fe . As of 2022 ,

1584-577: Is attributed to the increasing number of electric and hybrid cars, and the ease of integrating it with safety systems such as Autonomous Emergency Braking . The efficiency, power output as a percentage of input, of conventional automatic transmissions ranges from 86 to 94%. Manual transmissions are more fuel efficient than all but the newest automatic transmissions due to their inherently low parasitic losses, typically of about 4%, in addition to being cheaper to make, lighter, better performing, and of simpler mechanical design. However, manual transmissions have

1672-521: Is connected to the engine via a torque converter (or a fluid coupling prior to the 1960s), instead of the friction clutch used by most manual transmissions . A hydraulic automatic transmission uses planetary gearsets instead of the manual transmission's design of gears lined up along input, output and intermediate shafts. To change gears, the hydraulic automatic uses a combination of internal clutches, friction bands or brake packs. These devices are used to lock certain gears, thus setting which gear ratio

1760-404: Is in use at a given time. A sprag clutch (a ratchet-like device which can freewheel and transmits torque in only one direction) is often used for routine gear shifts. The advantage of a sprag clutch is that it eliminates the sensitivity of timing a simultaneous clutch release/apply on two planetary gearsets, simply "taking up" the drivetrain load when actuated, and releasing automatically when

1848-452: Is integrated into the engine control unit (ECU). Modern designs have replaced the centrifugal governor with an electronic speed sensor that is used as an input to the TCU or ECU. Modern transmissions also factor in the amount of load on an engine at any given time, which is determined from either the throttle position or the amount of intake manifold vacuum. The multitude of parts, along with

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1936-457: Is not possible to push start a vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission with no rear pump (aside from several automatics built prior to 1970, which also included a rear pump for towing and push-starting purposes). The pressure of the ATF is regulated by a governor connected to the output shaft, which varies the pressure depending on the vehicle speed. The valve body inside the transmission

2024-535: Is offered in three trim levels: 2.4 L FWD, 2.4 L AWD and 3.5 L FWD. The two 2.4 L trim levels come with the 2.4 L Theta II MPi I4 engine and 6-speed automatic transmission while the 3.5 L trim comes with the 3.5 L Lambda II MPi V6 engine and 8-speed automatic transmission. The 2017 Sorento received a "Top Safety Pick" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In November 2014, Kia collaborated with 20th Century Fox to create

2112-513: Is often similar to two separate manual transmissions with their respective clutches contained within one housing, and working as one unit. In most car and truck applications, the DCT functions as an automatic transmission, requiring no driver input to change gears. The first DCT to reach production was the Easidrive automatic transmission introduced on the 1961 Hillman Minx mid-size car. This

2200-405: Is powered by a naturally-aspirated 2.5-litre 4-cylinder Smartstream petrol engine producing 191 hp (194 PS; 142 kW), while EX, SX, SX Prestige, and SX Prestige X-Line models uses a 2.5-litre turbocharged Smartstream 4-cylinder petrol engine producing 281 hp (285 PS; 210 kW). All North American Sorento uses an 8-speed automatic transmission, though models equipped with

2288-450: Is pressurized by a pump and then directed to the appropriate bands/clutches to obtain the required gear ratio. The ATF provides lubrication, corrosion prevention, and a hydraulic medium to transmit the power required to operate the transmission. Made from petroleum with various refinements and additives, ATF is one of the few parts of the automatic transmission that needs routine service as the vehicle ages. The main pump which pressurises

2376-403: Is responsible for directing hydraulic pressure to the appropriate bands and clutches. It receives pressurized fluid from the main pump and consists of several spring-loaded valves, check balls, and servo pistons. In older automatic transmissions, the valves use the pump pressure and the pressure from a centrifugal governor on the output side (as well as other inputs, such as throttle position or

2464-460: Is the hydraulic automatic , which uses a planetary (epicyclic) gearset , hydraulic controls , and a torque converter . Other types of automatic transmissions include continuously variable transmissions (CVT), automated manual transmissions (AMT), and dual-clutch transmissions (DCT). The 1904 Sturtevant "horseless carriage gearbox" is often considered to be the first true automatic transmission. The first mass-produced automatic transmission

2552-522: Is the General Motors Hydramatic four-speed hydraulic automatic, which was introduced in 1939. Automatic transmissions are also found in some heavy commercial vehicles, particularly those which are subject to intense stop/start operation such as buses and waste collection vehicles . Vehicles with internal combustion engines, unlike electric vehicles, require the engine to operate in a narrow range of rates of rotation, requiring

2640-450: Is world class". The Kia Sorento EX V6 model earned an “Excellent” overall score by American magazine Consumer Reports ’ July 2010 issue. As part of 2014 Sorento market launch in the US, a campaign titled "It has an answer for everything" was unveiled during Super Bowl XLVII . "Space Babies" (directed by Jake Scott ) commercial was premiered in the fourth quarter, featuring the existence of

2728-636: The GDI version of the same engine which is rated 191 hp. The V6 is available as an upgrade for both the LX and EX. The SX Limited model became available in 2012. The Sorento received a mid-cycle refresh for the 2014 model year, unveiled in 2012 at the Los Angeles International Auto Show , and went on sale in first quarter of 2013. Major changes included a revised instrument panel, front and rear end with new tail lights modeled after

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2816-633: The Mercedes-Benz 7G-Tronic transmission , which debuted a year later. In 2007, the first eight-speed transmission to reach production was the Toyota AA80E transmission . The first nine-speed and ten-speed transmissions were the 2013 ZF 9HP transmission and 2017 Toyota Direct Shift-10A (used in the Lexus LC ) respectively. The gear selector is the input by which the driver selects the operating mode of an automatic transmission. Traditionally

2904-581: The Optima , as well as several other mechanical and interior changes. For 2015, the six-speed manual transmission option, previously only available on the Base and LX models, was discontinued, leaving the six-speed automatic transmission as the only transmission option for the Sorento. The 2011 Sorento received a "Top Safety Pick" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). The 2011 Sorento

2992-475: The clutch system automatically — and use different forms of actuation (usually via an actuator or servo ) to automate the clutch, but still require the driver's input and full control to manually actuate gear changes by hand. Modern versions of these systems that are fully automatic in operation, such as Selespeed and Easytronic , require no driver input over gear changes or clutch operation. Semi-automatic versions require only partial driver input (i.e.,

3080-654: The "Forward" mode (or between two shorter gear ratios in the "Emergency low" mode). Driver involvement was still required during normal driving, since standing starts required the driver to use the clutch pedal. This was followed in 1937 by the Oldsmobile Automatic Safety Transmission . Similar in operation to the REO Self-Shifter , the Automatic Safety Transmission shifted automatically between

3168-424: The 1980s, automatic transmissions with four gear ratios became increasingly common, and many were equipped with lock-up torque convertors in order to improve fuel economy. Electronics began to be more commonly used to control the transmission, replacing mechanical control methods such as spring-loaded valves in the valve body. Most systems use solenoids which are controlled by either the engine control unit , or

3256-406: The 1990s, systems to manually request a specific gear or an upshift/downshift have become more common. These manumatic transmissions offer the driver greater control over the gear selection that the traditional modes to restrict the transmission to the lower gears. Use of the manumatic functions are typically achieved either via paddles located beside the steering column, or "+" and "-" controls on

3344-520: The 2.5-litre turbo engine uses an 8-speed dual-clutch transmission. The V6 engine is no longer offered. Sorento hybrid models will be available after the initial launch in late 2020. In 2021, Kia announced the introduction of the Sorento PHEV which gets 261 hp from its 1.6-litre turbo four-cylinder mated to an electric motor. Claimed EV range is 51 km (32 miles) and has a combined range of 740 km (460 miles). The only available trim for

3432-414: The 3.8-litre Lambda , with 263 hp (196 kW) and 257 lb⋅ft (348 N⋅m) and increased tow capacity from 3,500 lb (1,588 kg) to 5,000 lb (2,268 kg). Projector beam headlamps were added, along with new tail lamps. The 5-speed manual transmission was no longer available; the 5-speed Sportmatic tip-tronic automatic transmission was made standard for all vehicles. Most of

3520-425: The ATF is typically a gear pump mounted between the torque converter and the planetary gear set. The input for the main pump is connected to the torque converter housing, which in turn is bolted to the engine's flexplate, so the pump provides pressure whenever the engine is running. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that there is no oil pressure to operate the transmission when the engine is not running, therefore it

3608-510: The CUV's available features – power-folding mirrors and power liftgate – help a determined father make the slimmest parking garage space manageable while his skeptical wife and children look on. Kia revealed the third generation Sorento in South Korea on 28 August 2014. The vehicle later made its European debut at the 2014 Paris Motor Show . The third generation Sorento shares a platform with

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3696-534: The Corvair. Most cars use a "P–R–N–D–L" layout for the gear selector, which consists of the following positions: Some automatic transmissions, especially by General Motors from 1940 to 1964, used a layout with reverse as the bottom position (e.g. N–D–L–R or P–N–D–L–R). Many transmissions also include positions to restrict the gear selection to the lower gears and engages the engine brake . These positions are often labelled "L" (low gear), "S" (second gear) or

3784-599: The EX trim had full-time AWD and 4x4 Low modes; The LX had a part-time system with 2WD High (rear wheel drive), 4WD High (not for dry pavement ) and 4WD Low modes. The 2007 Kia Sorento earned a five-star crash safety rating, the highest rating possible, for all seating positions in frontal and side impact crash tests conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The tail lights and front end were upgraded, but

3872-634: The GT-Line from late 2018 onwards replacing the KX-4. In Pakistan, Kia Pakistan launched its car as a locally assembled model at a Power Play event held at the Karachi factory on 14 February 2021. The event was held at Lucky Motor Corporation's production plant, where various personalities from the automotive sector were invited. The car offered in Pakistan is the facelifted third generation of Sorento. The SUV

3960-616: The Hydra-Matic included a wide spread of ratios (allowing both good acceleration in first gear and cruising at low engine speed in top gear) and the fluid coupling handling only a portion of the engine's torque in the top two gears (increasing fuel economy in those gears, similar to a lock-up torque converter). Use of the Hydra-Matic spread to other General Motors brands and then to other manufacturers starting 1948 including Hudson , Lincoln , Kaiser , Nash , Holden (Australia), as well as Rolls-Royce and Bentley licensing production in

4048-725: The Kia THACO plant located in Chu Lai , Quảng Nam . In December 2022, the HEV and PHEV powertrains were added to the range, both powertrains are available in Premium and Signature trims. Cycle & Carriage Kia launched the fourth-generation Sorento in Singapore on 17 October 2020, in three trim levels: SX Line, SX Tech Pack and GT Line Tech Pack. All variants are powered by a 2.2-litre CRDi turbocharged diesel engine. In February 2022,

4136-698: The PHEV model is SX Prestige. Kia continued to build the North American-market Sorento at its assembly plant in West Point, Georgia, United States. All models include front-wheel-drive, except for the SX Prestige X-Line model and the hybrid models, which include standard all-wheel-drive. All North American-market 2021 Sorento feature three rows of seating, with higher trim levels featuring second-row captain's chairs in place of

4224-517: The Sorento is positioned between the smaller Sportage and the larger Telluride in Kia's SUV global lineup. Debuting in February 2002, the first generation Sorento was a traditional truck-based body-on-frame SUV . All American Sorentos also came with dual front airbags and dual side-curtain airbags in the front and rear. An optional four-wheel drive system with low range received praise for adding to

4312-578: The UK and providing the transmission to Jensen Motors , Armstrong Siddeley and other UK manufacturers. During World War II, the Hydra-Matic was used in some military vehicles. The first automatic transmission to use a torque converter (instead of a fluid coupling) was the Buick Dynaflow , which was introduced for the 1948 model year. In normal driving, the Dynaflow used only the top gear, relying on

4400-560: The United States had automatic transmissions. Automatic transmissions have been standard in large cars since at least 1974. By 2020 only 2.4% of new cars had manual transmissions. Historically, automatic transmissions were less efficient, but lower fuel prices in the US made this less of a problem than in Europe. In the United Kingdom, a majority of new cars have had automatic transmissions since 2020. Several manufacturers including Mercedes and Volvo no longer sell cars with manual transmissions. The growing prevalence of automatic transmissions

4488-429: The abrupt gear changes. The adoption of planetary gearsets was a significant advance towards the modern automatic transmission. One of the first transmissions to use this design was the manual transmission fitted to the 1901–1904 Wilson-Pilcher automobile. This transmission was built in the United Kingdom and used two epicyclic gears to provide four gear ratios. A foot clutch was used for standing starts, gear selection

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4576-401: The complex design of the valve body, originally made hydraulic automatic transmissions much more expensive and time-consuming to build and repair than manual transmissions; however mass-production and developments over time have reduced this cost gap. To provide coupling and decoupling of the engine, a modern automatic transmission uses a torque converter instead of the friction clutch used in

4664-403: The disadvantage of requiring the driver to operate the clutch and change the gear whenever required. Fuel economy of course worsens with lower efficiency. Real-world tests reported in 2022 found that in typical driving manual transmissions achieved 2 to 5% better fuel economy than automatics, increasing to 20% with an expert driver. Some laboratory tests show automatics in a better light due to

4752-446: The driver locking out the higher gears) to control which ratio is selected. As the vehicle and engine change speed, the difference between the pressures changes, causing different sets of valves to open and close. In more recent automatic transmissions, the valves are controlled by solenoids . These solenoids are computer-controlled, with the gear selection decided by a dedicated transmission control unit (TCU) or sometimes this function

4840-402: The driver must change gears manually), while fully automatic versions require no manual driver input, whatsoever ( TCU or ECU operates both the clutch system and gear shifts automatically). Modern automated manual transmissions (AMT) have their roots and origins in older clutchless manual transmissions that began to appear on mass-production automobiles in the early 1930s and 1940s, prior to

4928-411: The engine shaft and the differential shaft and in which the clutches are arranged to selectively engage and drive the differential shaft dependent upon the speed at which the differential shaft rotates". However, it would be over a decade later until automatic transmissions were produced in significant quantities. In the meantime, several European and British manufacturers would use preselector gearboxes ,

5016-536: The facelift adds new exterior colours and alloy wheels. Inside, the interior designers have added a streamlined dashboard layout, as well as a new 12.3-inch curved display. Revised climate controls, a new ambient lighting stripe, and slimmer air vents have been added. In September 2020, the fourth-generation Sorento made its debut in North America. It is offered in several different trim levels: LX, S, EX, SX, SX Prestige, and SX Prestige X-Line. LX and S models

5104-490: The first generation Sorento were 4-wheel disc brakes (standard on all models), optional anti-lock braking system (ABS), and a 21.1-gallon (79.9 litres) fuel tank. There were two trim levels available for the Sorento: either the base LX or the up-level EX. The 2007 Sorento received upgrades, such as the transition from the 3.5-litre Sigma to the 3.3-litre with 235 hp (175 kW) and 226 lb⋅ft (306 N⋅m), and

5192-591: The first mass-produced automatic transmission following its introduction in 1939 (1940 model year). Available as an option in cars such as the Oldsmobile Series 60 and Cadillac Sixty Special , the Hydra-Matic combined a fluid coupling with three hydraulically controlled planetary gearsets to produce four forward speeds plus reverse. The transmission was sensitive to engine throttle position and road speed, producing fully automatic up- and down-shifting that varied according to operating conditions. Features of

5280-433: The gear selector is located between the two front seats or on the steering column, however electronic rotary dials and push-buttons have also been occasionally used since the 1980s, as well as push buttons having been used in the 1950s and 1960s by Rambler (automobile) , Edsel , and most famously, by Chrysler . A few automobiles employed a lever on the instrument panel, such as the 1955 Chrysler Corporation cars, and notably,

5368-401: The gear selector. Some cars offer drivers both methods to request a manual gear selection. A continuously variable transmission (CVT) can change seamlessly through a continuous (infinite) range of gear ratios, compared with other automatic transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at

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5456-406: The introduction of hydraulic automatic transmissions. These systems were designed to reduce the amount of clutch or gear shifter usage required by the driver. These devices were intended to reduce the difficulty of operating conventional unsynchronised manual transmissions ("crash gearboxes") that were commonly used at the time, especially in stop-start driving. An early example of this transmission

5544-441: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sorento&oldid=933136069 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Kia Sorento The Kia Sorento ( Korean : 기아 쏘렌토 , romanized :  Gia Sorento )

5632-438: The loss of a low-ratio transfer case made the Sorento 475 pounds less than the old one model for model, to gain in performance and economy. The second generation Sorento was originally available in four models – the Base, LX, EX and top-of-the-line SX models. The SX is only available with the 3.5-litre 276 hp (206 kW) V6. The Base and LX both come standard with the 2.4-litre straight-4 175 hp (130 kW) and EX has

5720-459: The name due to the radical change in the Sorento's body style. The second-generation Sorento introduced Kia's new design language, and introduced new features and technology that would later become available on other Kia models. The four-cylinder model returned to the lineup for North American models after being absent between 2007 and 2010. The engine was transverse, and the suspension all-independent. The change in body construction as well as

5808-443: The next gear's sprag clutch assumes the torque transfer. The friction bands are often used for manually selected gears (such as low range or reverse) and operate on the planetary drum's circumference. Bands are not applied when the drive/overdrive range is selected, the torque being transmitted by the sprag clutches instead. The aforementioned friction bands and clutches are controlled using automatic transmission fluid (ATF), which

5896-681: The number of the highest gear used in that position (eg 3, 2 or 1). If these positions are engaged at a time when it would result in excessive engine speed, many modern transmissions disregard the selector position and remain in the higher gear. In descending order of the highest gear available: Many modern transmissions include modes to adjust the shift logic to prefer either power or fuel economy . "Sport" (also called "Power" or "Performance") modes cause gear shifts to occur at higher engine speeds, allowing higher acceleration. "Economy" (also called "Eco" or "Comfort") modes cause gear shifts to occur at lower engine speeds to reduce fuel consumption. Since

5984-461: The standard second-row rear split bench seat. In North America the Sorento's standard third-row seating distinguishes it from the related Hyundai Santa Fe (4th gen) which is only offered in a two-row configuration. The fourth-generation Sorento went on sale in Australia in August 2020, with four trim levels available at launch: S, Sport, Sport+ and GT Line. Two powertrains were available at launch:

6072-424: The tests using a prescribed shifting pattern for manuals not always optimized for economy. However, on long highway journeys manual transmissions require maintaining a very specific cruising speed to optimise economy, making automatics preferable. The most common design of automatic transmissions is the hydraulic automatic, which typically uses planetary gearsets that are operated using hydraulics. The transmission

6160-454: The third-generation Kia Carnival , and is available in either 5-seater or 7-seater, depending on configuration. It is 95mm longer than the previous generation, but lower for better handling. Kia claims a rigidity strengthening of 14% on its high tensile steel and the Sorento scored good evaluation in small overlap crash test by IIHS . In the US, the Sorento continues to be produced at the West Point, Georgia assembly plant. Available engines are

6248-622: The torque multiplication of the torque convertor at lower speeds. The Dynaflow was followed by the Packard Ultramatic in mid-1949 and the Chevrolet Powerglide for the 1950 model year. Each of these transmissions had only two forward speeds, relying on the converter for additional torque multiplication. In the early 1950s, BorgWarner developed a series of three-speed torque converter automatics for car manufacturers such as American Motors, Ford and Studebaker. Chrysler

6336-441: The two gear ratios available in the "Low" and "High" ranges and the clutch pedal was required for standing starts. It used a planetary gearset. The Chrysler Fluid Drive , introduced in 1939, was an optional addition to manual transmissions where a fluid coupling (similar to a torque-convertor, but without the torque multiplication) was added, to avoid the need to operate a manual clutch. The General Motors Hydra-Matic became

6424-458: The two-box design stayed. The 2003 Sorento received Poor to Average ratings from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). The 2007 facelifted version had improved safety ratings for moderate overlap front crashes and head restraints & seats, but retained its Poor side impact rating. A redesigned Sorento (codename XM) was launched in South Korea in April 2009. The second generation

6512-461: The vehicle's off-road ability. It had two transmission options, a 5-speed manual or 4- and 5-speed automatic (pre-2005 models have a 4-speed automatic, whilst 2005 Sorentos came with a 5-speed tip-tronic style automatic). First generation Sorentos are equipped with a Hyundai -manufactured 3.5-litre 24-valve DOHC V6 engine producing 192 hp (143 kW) at 5500 rpm, and 217 lb⋅ft (294 N⋅m) of torque at 3,000 rpm. Common features of

6600-479: Was Kia's first model to be manufactured in the United States , in Kia's new US$ 1 billion West Point, Georgia , factory (which also builds the sister vehicle to the Sorento, the Hyundai Santa Fe ). The second generation used Kia's corporate Tiger Nose grille, and was the first Kia vehicle to offer Kia UVO . The vice president of marketing for Kia Motors America said that Kia initially considered changing

6688-567: Was added for the SX-L grade and the LX grade was discontinued. The fourth-generation Sorento was launched in the GCC markets in March 2021. There are two powertrains are available; 2.5-litre and 3.5-litre petrol engines. It is offered in three trim levels; LX, Mid and EX1. The facelift Sorento was launched in February 2024. Automatic transmission The most common type of automatic transmission

6776-418: Was among the first to have the basic gear selections ( park , reverse , neutral , drive , low ) which became the standard gear selection used for several decades. By the late 1960s, most of the fluid-coupling two-speed and four-speed transmissions had disappeared in favor of three-speed units with torque converters. Also around this time, whale oil was removed from the automatic transmission fluid. During

6864-511: Was awarded the maximum five-star safety rating from the crash safety experts, European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) and Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP). The XM Sorento awarded 'Top Safety Pick' from Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in the United States . The second generation Sorento was awarded New Zealand Autocar magazine SUV of the Year, "great looker, does absolutely everything as it should. Engine

6952-644: Was called the Controlled Coupling Hydra-Matic , or "Jetaway" transmission. The original Hydra-Matic remained in production until the mid-1960s at GM, with the licensed Rolls-Royce Automatic transmission soldiering on until 1978 on the Rolls-Royce Phantom VI . In 1964, General Motors released a new transmission, the Turbo Hydramatic , a three-speed transmission which used a torque convertor. The Turbo Hydramatic

7040-506: Was followed by various eastern European tractors through the 1970s (using manual operation via a single clutch pedal), then the Porsche 962 C racing car in 1985. The first DCT of the modern era was used in the 2003 Volkswagen Golf R32 . Since the late 2000s, DCTs have become increasingly widespread, and have supplanted hydraulic automatic transmissions in various models of cars. Automated manual transmission (AMT) , sometimes referred to as

7128-541: Was introduced in the 1955 Citroën DS , which used a 4-speed BVH transmission. This semi-automatic transmission used an automated clutch, which was actuated using hydraulics . Gear selection also used hydraulics , however, the gear ratio needs to be manually selected by the driver. This system was nicknamed Citro-Matic in the U.S. The first modern AMTs were introduced by BMW and Ferrari in 1997, with their SMG and F1 transmissions, respectively. Both systems used hydraulic actuators and electrical solenoids , and

7216-639: Was introduced with the Hudson Commodore in 1942, called Drive-Master . This unit was an early semi-automatic transmission , based on the design of a conventional manual transmission, which used a servo -controlled vacuum -operated clutch system, with three different gear shifting modes, at the touch of a button; manual shifting and manual clutch operation (fully manual), manual shifting with automated clutch operation (semi-automatic), and automatic shifting with automatic clutch operation (fully automatic). Another early example of this transmission system

7304-548: Was late in developing its own true automatic, introducing the two-speed torque converter PowerFlite in 1953, and the three-speed TorqueFlite in 1956. The latter was the first to utilize the Simpson compound planetary gearset. In 1956, the General Motors Hydra-Matic (which still used a fluid coupling) was redesigned based around the use of two fluid couplings to provide smoother shifts. This transmission

7392-680: Was launched in New Zealand on 15 September 2020, in four trim levels: LX, EX, Deluxe and Premium. At launch, it is powered by a 2.2-litre CRDi turbocharged diesel. In March 2021, the HEV and PHEV powertrains were added to the range, it is available in EX and Premium trims. The fourth-generation Sorento was launched in Vietnam on 14 September 2020, in four trim levels: Deluxe, Luxury, Premium and Signature. At launch, two powertrains are available: 2.5-litre MPi petrol and 2.2-litre CRDi turbocharged diesel. All Sorento variants are locally assembled at

7480-592: Was officially unveiled through a series of images on 17 February 2020. The unveiling of the production version had originally been planned for the later-cancelled Geneva Motor Show . The updated Sorento sports a larger design with an extended wheelbase (35 mm (1.4 in) longer) while the vehicle's overall length is extended by 10 mm (0.4 in). There are two engine options: a hybrid (a 1.6-litre turbocharged four-cylinder and single electric motor, amounting to 227 hp (230 PS; 169 kW) and 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m; 35.7 kg⋅m) of torque) and

7568-553: Was released in the European market in August 2020. Three powertrain options are available: 2.2-litre CRDi turbocharged diesel, 1.6-litre T-GDi Hybrid turbocharged petrol and a 1.6-litre T-GDi Plug-in Hybrid turbocharged petrol; an all wheel drive system is optional but standard on the latter powertrain. For the European market, the Sorento is sourced from Hwaseong Plant located in Gyeonggi , South Korea. The fourth-generation Sorento

7656-554: Was unveiled on 25 July 2023. Made for the 2024 model year, the facelift adds vertically stacked LED headlamps which gain a slimmer design. The bumper is smoother, and is seamlessly aligned with the grille. The front lights are reminiscent of the EV9 , the 2025 Carnival , and the 2024 Picanto , which foreshadows what Kia's design language is to become. Bodywork is primarily unchanged, if not for its slightly redone rear lights and rear bumper, new Kia emblem, and connected clusters. Additionally,

7744-551: Was using a hand lever, helical gears were used (to reduce noise) and the gears used a constant-mesh design. A planetary gearset was also used in the 1908 Ford Model T , which was fitted with a two-speed manual transmission (without helical gears). An early patent for the automatic transmission was granted to Canadian inventor Alfred Horner Munro of Regina in 1923. Being a steam engineer, Munro designed his device to use compressed air rather than hydraulic fluid , and so it lacked power and never found commercial application. In 1923,

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