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102-629: The Savage Land Mutates first appeared in The X-Men #62 (November 1969) and were created by Roy Thomas and Neal Adams . The Savage Land Mutates were originally the human inhabitants of the Savage Land (most of them being from the Swamp Men tribe) that were genetically altered by the mutant Magneto to serve as his troops. The mutations in the Savage Land were occurring easily due to

204-593: A Blue team headlining the adjectiveless X-Men title, while the Gold team, consisting of Warren Worthington III/Archangel, Piotr "Peter" Rasputin/Colossus, Jean Grey, Robert "Bobby" Drake/the Iceman and Ororo Munroe/Storm, appeared in Uncanny . This roster was later joined by Lucas Bishop , another refugee from the future. After Claremont's departure, Jim Lee continued as plotter, while John Byrne scripted from #281–286. Byrne

306-488: A Native American. The original plan was to continue Giant-Size X-Men as a quarterly, but instead original stories were printed in the book, again initially bimonthly. Chris Claremont 's first issue as writer, #94, featured all the original X-Men leaving the team with the exception of Cyclops. Sunfire also left, having agreed to assist the X-Men on one successful mission only. Thunderbird was killed in #95. Moira MacTaggert ,

408-493: A battle with the Hulk in issue #66 (March 1970), the title ceased publishing original material and featured reprints in issues #67–93 (December 1970 – April 1975). Despite the title going into reprints for the next five years between #67–93, the X-Men continued to appear in other Marvel titles throughout this period in a guest-starring capacity or cameo appearance, either as a team or in solo adventures. The Angel appeared without

510-626: A battle with the Hulk, seek out the help of Captain America and the Falcon. This led to the first "Secret Empire" storyline, which ran in Captain America #172–175 (April–July 1974), also written by Steve Englehart. Professor Xavier made a few brief appearances of his own without the X-Men during this time. In The Avengers #88 (May 1971), written by Roy Thomas and Harlan Ellison , he made

612-482: A brief return from #381 (June 2000) to #389, at which point he transferred to the new X-Treme X-Men title, as Grant Morrison took over X-Men (vol. 2) and that became the flagship X-Men title. From 2001, Lobdell made a short return, and then Joe Casey and Chuck Austen wrote runs into 2004. The title became bimonthly from 2003 to 2004. The X-Men: Reload reshuffle of titles in 2004 led to Claremont returning to Uncanny with issue #444. The stories addressed

714-475: A cameo appearance as a Congressional committee member alongside fellow comic book writer Len Wein in an early scene in the 2014 film X-Men: Days of Future Past . In December 2010 Claremont appeared at a book signing at Borders Books at Penn Plaza in Manhattan as part of a series of events nationwide to commemorate World AIDS Day , with 25% of the proceeds of books sold at the event donated to Lifebeat,

816-577: A cameo appearance assisting Reed Richards and General Thunderbolt Ross in containing the Hulk, and later appeared briefly onscreen in Shanna the She-Devil #5 (Aug. 1973) to warn Shanna of an unknown mutant threat, Nekra . In The Defenders #15–16 (Sept–Oct. 1974), written by Len Wein , Xavier teamed up with the Defenders to battle against Magneto and his reformed Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. It

918-423: A crossover with The Avengers #53 (June 1968). After brief runs by Gary Friedrich and Arnold Drake – the latter of whom introduced the new X-Men Lorna Dane/Polaris and Alex Summers/Havok , and during which the series adopted a new logo designed by Jim Steranko – Thomas returned to the series with issue #55 and was joined by artist Neal Adams the following issue for an acclaimed run of stories. After

1020-530: A disco-singing, roller-skating mutant, was introduced in #130 (Feb. 1980), but did not join the team, instead having a solo title. A new Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, led by Mystique , was introduced in the " Days of Future Past " storyline (#141–142, Jan–Feb 1981) in which a time-travelling Katherine Anne "Kitty" Pryde/Shadowcat tried to avert a dystopian future caused by the Brotherhood assassinating Presidential candidate Senator Robert Kelly . Byrne plotted

1122-623: A full-time position. One of the first new characters created by Claremont was Madrox the Multiple Man in Giant-Size Fantastic Four #4 (Feb. 1975). Marvel's editor-in-chief at the time, Len Wein , who recognized Claremont's enthusiasm for the new X-Men that Wein and Dave Cockrum had created in 1975, hired Claremont, a relatively young writer, to take over the series as of issue #94 (May 1975), reasoning that doing so would not draw opposition from other writers, given

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1224-422: A group of disfigured mutants living underneath New York City , were introduced in #169 (May 1983). Storm became their leader in #170. She was de-powered accidentally by government forces aiming for Anna Marie LeBeau/Rogue, and met Forge , a mutant with the power of invention. After Storm left the team temporarily to return to her native Africa, Nightcrawler became field leader. The character Rachel Summers from

1326-448: A human ally of the X-Men, and later to be established as a former fiancé of Xavier, debuted in #96. Marvel Girl became Phoenix in issue #101. This was followed by the first Shi'ar space opera story. Cockrum was replaced as penciller by John Byrne as of #108. Byrne became co-plotter, and during his run the series became a monthly title again. The series title was changed to The Uncanny X-Men with issue #114 (October 1978). For

1428-564: A long association with the team by drawing The Uncanny X-Men Annual #9 (1985) and would serve as the artist on several of the Annuals in the next few years. The end of 1986 saw the first crossover between X-Men titles, the " Mutant Massacre ", which saw a large number of Morlocks killed by the Marauders , acting under orders from the mysterious Nathaniel Essex/Mister Sinister The late 1980s saw several other crossovers: 1988's " Fall of

1530-614: A monthly with issue #14 (November 1965). Lee's run lasted 19 issues, and featured the X-Men battling villains such as Magneto's Brotherhood of Mutants (which included the siblings Wanda Maximoff/the Scarlet Witch and Pietro Maximoff/Quicksilver ); the Sentinels , giant robots programmed to destroy all mutants, and their creator Bolivar Trask ; and Cain Marko/the Juggernaut , Xavier's stepbrother transformed by

1632-793: A mystical gem and seeking revenge on Xavier. The series was placed firmly in the Marvel Universe , with guest appearances by Namor MacKenzie/Namor the Sub-Mariner in #6 and the Avengers in #9. The jungle adventure hero Kevin Plunder/Ka-Zar and the Savage Land were introduced in issue #10. Roy Thomas wrote the series from #20–43 (May 1966 – April 1968). Thomas and artist Werner Roth created Sean Cassidy/the Banshee in #28 (Jan. 1967). The X-Men #45 (June 1968) featured

1734-437: A need for its use, with a Finding Aid being made available online. Claremont's longtime editor Louise Simonson said, "his papers will provide many clues, not only to the evolving way comic books are created and presented, but also how they are perceived, licensed, bought and sold in America and around the world." A symposium called Comic New York was held March 24–25, 2012 at Columbia University's Low Memorial Library to mark

1836-696: A new, international team consisting of Scott Summers (Cyclops) of the United States, Ireland 's Sean Cassidy (Banshee) , the Japanese mutant Shiro Yoshida (Sunfire) , and James "Logan" Howlett (Wolverine) from Canada , along with new characters Ororo Munroe (Storm) out of Kenya , the German Kurt Wagner (Nightcrawler) , Piotr "Peter" Rasputin (Colossus) from Russia in The Soviet Union , and John Proudstar (Thunderbird) ,

1938-503: A nonprofit organization that educates young people on HIV /AIDS prevention. In July 2011 Claremont signed a deed of gift to Columbia University 's Rare Book & Manuscript Library , donating his archives of all his major writing projects over the previous 40 years to the Library's nascent comics archives collection, forming the foundation of a research collection focusing on New York City-based cartoonists and comics writers. Following

2040-462: A present-day appearance in the same issue, they encounter and battle the Hulk, who mistakes Polaris for his former lover Jarella , and a biker gang. As a team, the X-Men assisted Spider-Man in capturing Michael Morbius in Marvel Team-Up #4 (Sept. 1972), written by Gerry Conway , after one of Xavier's colleagues is abducted by the vampire. In Adventure into Fear #20 (Feb. 1974), it

2142-404: A two-year run starting in 2004, while teaming up with his former Excalibur collaborator and artist, Alan Davis . In 2004, Claremont was co-writer on JLA issues #94–99, the "Tenth Circle" story arc for DC Comics , which reunited him with his former Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne , with Jerry Ordway as inker. In 2007, Claremont returned to New Excalibur , writing a story arc in which

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2244-567: A weekly run in July 2019 and concluded on October of the same year. Shortly after those were completed, the X-Men series relaunched with X-Men #1, accompanied by the other related teams' regular series, such as Marauders , X-Force , Excalibur , New Mutants , X-Corp , Wolverine , X-Men: Giant Size , and reviving 1987's Fallen Angels ; all part of the 2019 story arc " Dawn of X ", which searches to unite all mutantdom and settle down as

2346-588: A whole species. It was announced that a new Uncanny X-Men series would return. The first issue is scheduled to be released on August 7, 2024, cover-dated October 2024, and will be written by Gail Simone and penciled by David Marquez . The members of this team will be: Wolverine, Gambit, Jubilee, Rogue, and Nightcrawler. Like many comic book series, Uncanny X-Men had an associated double-sized Annual series, once in both 1970 and 1971, then regularly from 1979 to 2001. A second series of Uncanny X-Men Annuals began in 2006 as volume 2 issue #1. Note: Despite

2448-408: Is best known for his 16-year stint on Uncanny X-Men from 1975 to 1991, far longer than that of any other writer, during which he is credited with developing strong female characters as well as introducing complex literary themes into superhero narratives, turning the once underachieving comic into one of Marvel 's most popular series. During his tenure, X-Men was the best-selling comic book in

2550-587: Is recounted in a flashback how Morbius escaped from the X-Men's mansion. Professor Xavier and Cyclops appeared in a brief cameo. They appeared in The Avengers #110–111 (April–May 1973), written by Steve Englehart , where Professor Xavier and the X-Men are abducted by Magneto after an ambush at Xavier's mansion, and later rescued by the Avengers, Daredevil, and the Black Widow. Soon after, members of

2652-400: Is the longest-running series in the X-Men comics franchise . It features a team of superheroes called the X-Men , a group of mutants with superhuman abilities led and taught by Professor X . The title was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby , met with a lukewarm reception, and eventually became a reprints-only book in 1970. Interest was rekindled with 1975's Giant-Size X-Men #1 and

2754-475: Is to Claremont and Byrne what the ' Galactus Trilogy ' is to Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. It is a landmark in Marvel history, showcasing its creators' work at the height of their abilities." Comics historian Les Daniels noted that "The controversial story created a sensation and The X-Men became the comic book to watch." In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Claremont and Byrne's run on The X-Men second on its list of

2856-605: The Chronicles of the Shadow War trilogy, Shadow Moon (1995), Shadow Dawn (1996), and Shadow Star (1999), with George Lucas , which continued the story of Elora Danan from the movie Willow . Claremont was a contributor to the Wild Cards anthology series. Claremont made a cameo appearance in the opening scene of the 2006 film X-Men: The Last Stand , for which he is credited as "Lawnmower man". He made

2958-763: The Extermination miniseries. This incarnation of the team features Lucas Bishop , Kurt Wagner/Nightcrawler , Jean Grey , Ororo Munroe/Storm , Elizabeth "Betsy" Braddock/Psylocke , Jean-Paul Beaubier/Northstar , Robert "Bobby" Drake/the Iceman , Hank McCoy/the Beast , Laura Kinney/X-23 , Lorna Dane/Polaris , Jubilation Lee/Jubilee , Katherine Anne "Kitty" Pryde/Shadowcat and Sam Guthrie/Cannonball as well as trainee X-Men Hisako Ichiki/Armor , Victor Borkowski/Anole , Megan Gwynn/Pixie , Idie Okonkwo/Oya , Robert Herman/the Glob , Santo Vaccarro/Rockslide . Following

3060-596: The Australian outback . The " X-Tinction Agenda " crossover, in which the X-Men, X-Factor and the New Mutants fight against the government of Genosha for mutant rights, was published in the fall of 1990. The title became twice-monthly from 1988 to 1990 every summer, and helped to launch the careers of artists Marc Silvestri and Jim Lee . In 1991 another X-Men title was launched, titled simply X-Men ; both titles were now published monthly. Claremont wrote

3162-465: The Batman and Superman comics of the 1950s and early 1960s. He read works by science fiction writers such as Robert Heinlein , as well as writers of other genres such as Rudyard Kipling and C. S. Forester . Claremont initially did not view the comic book industry as the place where he would make his career, as he believed the dwindling readership to be a sign that the industry was dying, and found

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3264-841: The Human Torch to battle the Equinox . Cyclops, Marvel Girl, and Angel also make a brief appearance. The Beast starred in his own series in Amazing Adventures #11–17 (March 1972 – March 1973) after accepting a position with the Brand Corporation , and decides to leave the X-Men for good. The original team appeared briefly in a flashback in #11 (March 1972) and in a present-day cameo appearance in #15 (November 1972). Professor Xavier and Marvel Girl briefly appeared in Amazing Adventures #12 (May 1972), and

3366-510: The Magneto solo series. The series will deal with threats that arise as a result of a new, more dangerous world post- Secret Wars . Summing up the team, Bunn states "They're upholding Xavier's dream, but they have no right to do so." Announced in August 2018, Uncanny X-Men (vol. 5) debuted November 14, 2018, with the weekly 10-part "X-Men: Disassembled" arc and follows on from the events of

3468-838: The Phalanx . Legion Quest crossover (#320–321) The series was replaced with Astonishing X-Men for four months during the event. It featured Clarice Ferguson/Blink, Kevin Sydney/Morph , Anna Marie Lehnsherr/Rogue, Victor Creed/Sabretooth, Shiro Yoshida/Sunfire, and Kyle Gibney/Wild Child . Scott Summers/Cyclops, Hank McCoy/the Beast, James "Logan" Howlett/Wolverine, Elizabeth "Betsy" Braddock/Psylocke, Anna Marie LeBeau/Rogue, Remy LeBeau/Gambit, Ororo Munroe/Storm, Jean Grey, Warren Worthington III/the Archangel, Robert "Bobby" Drake/the Iceman, Lucas Bishop, Sam Guthrie/Cannonball, Joseph After Charles Xavier/Professor X briefly disbands

3570-491: The supervillain Erik Magnus Lehnsherr/Magneto . Although Lee would deny it, it was noticed by contemporary writer Arnold Drake , that the concept of the series emulated his own earlier series for National Periodical Publications 's (now DC Comics ) The Doom Patrol , in many respects. However, National's editorial staff did not support Drake's concerns. Initially published bimonthly, it became

3672-516: The "Top 10 1970s Marvels". The " Dark Phoenix Saga " in 1980 led to a change in the line-up of the team, with the death of Phoenix (Jean Grey), and Cyclops leaving the team to mourn her. Comics writers and historians Roy Thomas and Peter Sanderson observed that "'The Dark Phoenix Saga' is to Claremont and Byrne what ' the Galactus Trilogy ' is to Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. It is a landmark in Marvel history, showcasing its creators' work at

3774-543: The "Top 10 1970s Marvels". Claremont and artist Frank Miller crafted a Wolverine limited series in 1982. With artist Walt Simonson , Claremont produced The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans in 1982, an intercompany crossover between the top-selling Marvel and DC titles. The New Mutants were introduced by Claremont and Bob McLeod in Marvel Graphic Novel #4 (Dec. 1982) and received their own ongoing series soon after. The second X-Men film

3876-471: The 10th issue, the series began focusing on a new team of X-Men featuring Scott Summers/Cyclops , James "Logan" Howlett/Wolverine , Alex Summers/Havok , Jamie Madrox/the Multiple Man , Rahne Sinclair/Wolfsbane , Illyana Rasputin/Magik , Danielle Moonstar/Mirage , Xi'an Coy Minh/Karma . After this volume, all X-Men titles were cancelled and two intertwining six-issue miniseries written by Jonathan Hickman , called " House of X " and " Powers of X ", began

3978-408: The 2010 San Diego Comic-Con . The sales figures were generated in part by publishing the issue with four different variant covers which showed different characters from the book (and later a fifth gatefold cover that combined all four), large numbers of which were purchased by retailers, who anticipated fans and speculators who would buy multiple copies in order to acquire a complete collection of

4080-657: The Angel helped the Beast defeat the Griffin in Amazing Adventures #15. After his run on that series ended, the Beast battled against the Hulk alone in Incredible Hulk #161 (March 1973), concluding a storyline which began in Amazing Adventures . Havok and Polaris, as recounted in a flashback in Incredible Hulk #150 (April 1972), leave the X-Men after a bitter quarrel with Iceman and move to New Mexico. In

4182-618: The Archangel, M, Mystique, Fantomex and Sabretooth, while a different team led by Storm will be called the Extraordinary X-Men . Cyclops's fate after Battleworld is shown to us in the Death of X miniseries (Cyclops was exposed to the Terrigen Mist and died from M-Pox). The tagline for the relaunched series is "Bigger threats require more threatening X-Men", and is considered to be a continuation of Bunn's previous work on

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4284-520: The Big Two publishers, Marvel and DC. Signings and panel discussions with other creators, scholars and academics of the comics medium were held during the two-day event. Among the other creators in attendance were Paul Levitz , Al Jaffee , Peter Kuper , Denis Kitchen , Molly Crabapple , John Romita , John Romita Jr. , Irwin Hasen , Miss Lasko-Gross and Dean Haspiel . In the mid-1970s, Claremont

4386-489: The Citadel, Sauron attempted to betray them but was quickly defeated by Mockingbird . She then bartered with Lupa, Vertigo, and Whiteout, offering to give them Sauron in exchange for the fragment. The trio refuse, as the fragment enabled them to overthrow Sauron and push the Savage Land towards peace. The two groups clashed, with Vertigo confronting Sauron with the knowledge that she had been cloned and killed many times. During

4488-408: The Citadel. A resistance group of Avengers, searching for Cosmic Cube fragments, teamed up with Sauron to investigate, as they speculated that the mutates may have found it. The group was then ambushed by Gaza riding a tyrannosaurus rex. He revealed that Sauron only kept the three female mutates at his side because they were desirable and had powers that weren't a threat to him. As the group arrived at

4590-532: The Japanese military, Sauron attacked an armored car causing an international incident. Cannonball, Sunspot, and Warlock investigated and found the Savage Land Mutates on the deck of the ship. Cannonball fought Sauron in the skies while Karma discovered that the Savage Land Mutates were immune to her powers of psychic persuasion. Cannonball managed to defeat Sauron while the other New Mutants defeated

4692-837: The Mutants " and 1989's " Inferno ", which resolved the issue of Madelyne Pryor by revealing her to have been a clone of Jean Grey created by Sinister. The cast was shaken up, with the addition of Psylocke , the Dazzler, Longshot and Havok in early 1987, as well as the first appearances of NPR-TV reporter Manoli Wetherell in #226 (1988), new teenage mutant Jubilation Lee/Jubilee in #244 (1989), and Remy LeBeau/Gambit in Uncanny X-Men #266 (1990). The X-Men left their traditional residence in Westchester County, New York , and lived variously on Alcatraz , Muir Island and in

4794-588: The Raft during a jailbreak concocted by the Skrulls, the Avengers believed he and the Mutates were responsible for the breakout and pursued him to the Savage Land. Amphibius later tells Sauron and the other Savage Land Mutates that Magneto's Asteroid M has risen from the sea, but they didn't want to go find him. Worm took control of Barbarus, Lupo, and Sauron and commandeered a ship to go find Magneto. When threatened by

4896-443: The Savage Land Mutates. Upon learning why the Savage Land Mutates were on the ship, Karma told Worm, Sauron, Barbarus, and Lupo that they were in charge of Asteroid M and Magneto. Worm then orders the Savage Land Mutates to return to the Savage Land. During the " Secret Empire " storyline, Sauron returned to the Savage Land to claim leadership over the mutates. He ruled until Vertigo, Lupa, and Whiteout turned on him, driving him out of

4998-422: The United States from England, he was beaten up "because I looked like a geek." His emphasis on the theme of prejudice resonated with readers as the X-Men series rose in popularity. In 1987 Claremont began writing genre novels. His first was a science fiction trilogy about female USAF pilot/astronaut Nicole Shea, consisting of First Flight (1987), Grounded! (1991), and Sundowner (1994). Claremont co-wrote

5100-411: The X-Men battle Magneto again, and the " Phalanx Covenant " story of 1994 focused mostly on the techno-organic Phalanx . Uncanny X-Men briefly ceased publication during the " Age of Apocalypse " storyline in 1995, which dealt with an alternative present created by a time-travelling assassin killing Xavier; it was replaced by Astonishing X-Men . Lobdell was writing X-Men as well from 1995. Lobdell

5202-675: The X-Men in a three-part story involving the murder of his father at the hands of his uncle, Burt Worthington, a.k.a. the Dazzler, in Ka-Zar #2 (Dec. 1970) and #3 (March 1971), and Marvel Tales #30 (April 1971). Iceman made a guest appearance in Amazing Spider-Man #92 (Jan. 1971), where he battles Spider-Man after mistakenly assuming he abducted Gwen Stacy. Later, after realizing his error, they team up against corrupt politician, Sam Bullitt. Iceman appears alone once again in Marvel Team-Up #23 (July 1974), where he teams up with

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5304-461: The X-Men, including Iceman, Angel, Beast, Havok and Polaris, and members of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants are secretly being abducted by a group of hooded figures known as the Secret Empire . At this point, only Professor Xavier, Cyclops and Marvel Girl remain active, and, after a brief cameo at the end of Incredible Hulk #172 (Feb. 1974), where they discover an unconscious Juggernaut after

5406-446: The book's poor standing. Claremont approached the job as a method actor , developing the characters by examining their motives, desires and individual personalities. This approach drew immediate positive reaction. According to former Marvel editor-in-chief Bob Harras , "He lived it and breathed it. He would write whole paragraphs about what people were wearing. He really got into these people's thoughts, hopes, dreams." Claremont's take on

5508-413: The character Nocturne has a stroke. He has completed his first arc on Exiles, adding Betsy Braddock to the team. In 2008 Claremont wrote the miniseries GeNEXT , followed by its 2009 sequel, GeNext: United . He was the writer of an X-Men Forever series which was set in an alternate universe , and focuses on the present day lives of the X-Men in a reality where Magneto never returned following

5610-554: The character of Wolverine into a fan favorite. X-Men #1, the 1991 spinoff series premiere that Claremont co-wrote with Jim Lee , remains the bestselling comic book of all time, according to Guinness World Records . In 2015, Claremont and his X-Men collaborator John Byrne were entered into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame. Claremont was born in London , England. His father was an internist and his mother

5712-475: The cheeks as he or she delivers a self-loathing monologue, or a character with head thrown back and mouth open in a shout of rage, shaking tiny fists at heaven and vowing that the whole world will soon learn about his or her feelings." However, the article goes to state that "the genius of Chris Claremont was that he made mutants a generic stand-in for all minorities". "I'm an immigrant," said Claremont in 2014, describing his affinity with outsiders. After arriving in

5814-459: The comics industry had become dominated by artists and editors. In 1994, he wrote issues #10–13 of Jim Lee and Brandon Choi 's series, WildC.A.T.s at Image Comics, in which he finally introduced his creator-owned character, Huntsman. In 1995, Claremont began writing his creator-owned series, Sovereign Seven , which was published by DC Comics , running for 36 issues until 1998. In 1998, Claremont returned to Marvel as editorial director and

5916-442: The covers. Claremont left the series after the first three-issue story arc, due to clashes with editor Bob Harras. The 1990s saw Claremont diversify his comics work, as he wrote for other publishers, and wrote his own creator-owned properties. In December 1991, he sent artist Whilce Portacio a proposal to illustrate Claremont's project, The Huntsman , as a creator-owned project, and when the then-new comics publisher Image Comics

6018-444: The debut of a new, international team. Initially under the guidance of artist David Cockrum , writer Len Wein, and especially writer Chris Claremont whose 16-year stint began with August 1975's Uncanny X-Men #94 , the series grew in popularity worldwide, eventually spawning a franchise with numerous spin-off "X-books" including New Mutants , X-Factor , Excalibur , X-Force , Generation X , and other flagship titles like

6120-475: The destruction of Asteroid M in X-Men #3 (December 1991). In 2010, Claremont collaborated with Italian comics artist Milo Manara on X-Women . As of 2014 Claremont was under an exclusive contract for Marvel. In April of that year, Marvel launched a Nightcrawler series with Claremont as writer, which he finished in March 2015. He re-united with his former New Mutants -artist artist Bill Sienkiewicz for

6222-533: The examination and processing of the materials, which include notebooks, correspondence, early story drafts, plays, novels, comic books and materials from Claremont's early training in the theater and his career as an actor, Claremont's archive will be housed at the Rare Book & Manuscript Library in Butler Library , separate from the graphic novels collection, and will be open to anyone who demonstrates

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6324-471: The first three issue of this series, in which the X-Factor and X-Men teams reunited with Professor Xavier at the school. Claremont left Marvel after disputes with Bob Harras and artist Jim Lee (of X-Men ). Claremont's final issue of Uncanny X-Men was #279, during the " Muir Island Saga ", which is set before those events. After Claremont's run, the X-Men were divided into two color-coded squads, with

6426-423: The future dystopia presented in "Days of Future Past" had been shown to arrive in the present day in New Mutants #18, and then made appearances in Uncanny X-Men from #184 on and was revealed to be Cyclops' daughter. Claremont attempted to write Scott Summers/Cyclops out of the series, by having him marry Madelyne Pryor in #175 (Nov. 1983); she gave birth to his son in #201 (Jan. 1986). The X-Factor series

6528-401: The government-backed Freedom Force in #199. Their first action was to capture Erik Magnus Lehnsherr/Magneto, who had begun associating with the X-Men during the " Secret Wars II " crossover. Erik Magnus Lehnsherr/Magneto surrenders himself, but escapes after his trial is abandoned, he takes over the headmastership of the school after Xavier leaves for space in #200 (Dec. 1985). The Morlocks ,

6630-853: The group soon after, due to a dispute between Havok and Iceman over Polaris, and moved to New Mexico. It is unknown whether they rejoined the team following the "Secret Empire" storyline in Captain America #172–175 (April–July 1974) and prior to being captured by Krakoa in Giant-Size X-Men #1 (May 1975). X-Cutioner's Song crossover (#294–296) Fatal Attractions crossover (#304) Generation X forms as Sean Cassidy/the Banshee, Emma Frost/the White Queen , Jubilation Lee/Jubilee, and Victor Creed/Sabretooth protect Clarice Ferguson/Blink , Monet St. Cross/M , Paige Guthrie/Husk , Everett Thomas/Synch , and Angelo Espinoza/Skin from

6732-502: The height of their abilities." The storyline also saw the introduction of recurring antagonists the Hellfire Club , and its Inner Circle consisting of Sebastian Shaw , Emma Frost , Harry Leland , Donald Pierce , along with Mastermind , previously a member of Magneto's Brotherhood. Teenage mutant Katherine Anne "Kitty" Pryde/Shadowcat was introduced in #129 (Jan. 1980) and joined the X-Men in #139. Alison Blaire/the Dazzler ,

6834-570: The humans, who see Cyclops as a terrorist's due to his actions in Avengers Vs. X-Men . Eventually, Kitty Pryde and the time-displaced X-Men join his cause after facing a team of X-Men from a dystopian future. It lasted 36 issues, with the final issue reverting to the legacy numbering of Uncanny X-Men #600. As part of All-New, All-Different Marvel , Uncanny X-Men was relaunched, written by Cullen Bunn with art by Greg Land . The relaunched Uncanny X-Men team features Magneto leading Psylocke,

6936-985: The introduction of Karma , a character that later joined the New Mutants , in #100 (Dec. 1980). Claremont helped launch the Marvel Fanfare title in March 1982. Claremont co-created numerous other important female X-Men characters, including Rogue , Betsy Braddock , Mariko Yashida , Kitty Pryde /Shadowcat, Phoenix , Mystique , Lady Mastermind , Emma Frost , Siryn , Rachel Summers , Madelyne Pryor , and Jubilee . He co-created such notable male characters as Sabretooth , Pyro , Avalanche , Strong Guy , Captain Britain , Forge , Mister Sinister , and Gambit . Claremont launched various X-Men spin-offs, beginning with The New Mutants in 1982. The spinoffs Excalibur and Wolverine , initially written by Claremont, followed in 1987 and 1988, respectively. X-Men crossover stories written by Claremont during

7038-492: The introduction of the Starjammers as well as the departure of artist Dave Cockrum. Claremont began his collaboration with artist John Byrne in the following issue. During his 17 years as X-Men writer, Claremont wrote or co-wrote many classic X-Men stories, such as " The Dark Phoenix Saga " and " Days of Future Past ". Comics writers and historians Roy Thomas and Peter Sanderson observed that "'The Dark Phoenix Saga'

7140-458: The latter half of his tenure on the series include " Mutant Massacre ", " Fall of the Mutants ", and " X-Tinction Agenda ". In 1991, Marvel launched a second X-Men title simply called X-Men with Claremont and penciler Jim Lee as co-writers. X-Men #1 is still the bestselling comic book of all-time, with sales of over 8.1 million copies (and nearly $ 7 million), according to Guinness World Records , which presented honors to Claremont at

7242-436: The levels of radiation. They clashed with the X-Men and Ka-Zar on multiple occasions. On one occasion, they turned Spider-Man into the Man-Spider and Angel into a bird monster. They have also encountered the Avengers . Although the group is fairly large, most appearances of the group contain only about half of the group's members, usually under leadership of Sauron , Brainchild, or Zaladane . After Sauron escaped from

7344-476: The material being published to be uninteresting. Instead, when he began at Bard College , he did so as a political theorist, studying acting and political theory, and writing novels with the hope of becoming a director. His first professional sale was a prose story. He graduated in 1972. Claremont's career began in 1969, as a college undergraduate, when he was hired as a gofer /editorial assistant at Marvel Comics . His first professional scripting assignment

7446-519: The mutant race's survival. Gillen's run led into, and crossed over with, the Avengers vs. X-Men storyline and finished with issue #20 in October 2012. The volume ended with Cyclops, who had become increasingly hardline during Gillen's run, in prison for his actions during that storyline. Gillen wrote a five-part epilogue, AvX: Consequences . As part of Marvel NOW! , a new volume of Uncanny X-Men

7548-515: The new status quo established by Morrison. Claremont remained until #473. His final story was " End of the Greys " in 2006, as part of the " Decimation " storyline, where the vast majority of mutants had lost their powers. He was replaced by Ed Brubaker , who wrote a 12-part epic space opera story "The Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire", as a follow-up to his miniseries X-Men: Deadly Genesis . After this,

7650-407: The occasion, which was organized by Graphic Novels Librarian Karen Green, Professor Jeremy Dauber, and editor Danny Fingeroth . A discussion between Claremont and Simonson held in recognition of Claremont's gift was the keynote event of the symposium, which focused on the intertwined histories of American comics and New York City, which has served both as a breeding ground for creators and the home of

7752-477: The oneshot New Mutants: War Children in 2019. According to writer/editor Paul Levitz , Claremont's complex story structures "played a pivotal role in assembling the audience that enabled American comics to move to more mature and sophisticated storytelling, and the graphic novel." Claremont's editor on the series, Louise Simonson , attributes the X-Men's success to his approach to the characters: "Chris took them very seriously. They were real people to him." As

7854-428: The regular writer of Fantastic Four , where he created Valeria Richards . The book was pencilled by artist Salvador Larrocca and inked by Art Thibert for the entirety of his duration on the series. Claremont's run on Fantastic Four would last for 29 issues and 2 annuals, making it his longest tenure on a title outside of the X-Men. Despite outselling books such as Amazing Spider-Man and Batman , Claremont

7956-675: The remainder of the decade, the X-Men fought enemies such as Stephen Lang and his Sentinels, Magneto, Banshee's cousin Black Tom Cassidy and Cain Marko/the Juggernaut, the Shi'ar Erik the Red and the Imperial Guard , Arcade , Wolverine's former colleagues, the Canadian superhero team Alpha Flight , and MacTaggert's son Proteus . In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Claremont and Byrne's run on The X-Men second on its list of

8058-625: The return of the re-powered Magneto, and him coming to Utopia. The Second Coming crossover saw the return of Hope Summers , the baby from the "Messiah Complex" arc, to the present day, as a young adult; and the emergence of the "Five Lights", the first new mutants to have arisen (apart from Hope) since the Decimation. Nightcrawler was killed during this storyline and the Beast left in protest after his discovery of Cyclops' secret death squad X-Force . Kieron Gillen took over co-authorship of

8160-493: The series being in reprints during this time, the X-Men continued to appear as guest-stars in other Marvel titles. In Amazing Adventures #11 (March 1972), it was revealed in a flashback that Hank McCoy/Beast had left the group sometime before and accepted a position with the Brand Corporation. In another flashback recounted in Incredible Hulk #150 (April 1972), Alex Summers/Havok and Lorna Dane/Polaris also left

8262-510: The series has been likened to writing "the Great American Novel about complex characters who just happened to fly", incorporating surprise character developments and emotional nuances amid the operatic battles that otherwise typified American superhero comics. By his own admission, Claremont acquired a reputation for taking a long time to resolve plot threads, and longtime X-Men editor Louise Simonson recounted that whenever she

8364-534: The series with #531, and became sole writer from #534.1. The original series ended with #544 and relaunched as a new volume after the events of the X-Men: Schism miniseries, wherein half the X-Men, led by Wolverine, returned to New York, to found a new school. The new volume featured the Extinction Team, containing members of the X-Men whom Cyclops had retained to deal with potential threats to

8466-604: The simply titled X-Men (later New X-Men and X-Men Legacy ), Astonishing X-Men , All-New X-Men , Amazing X-Men , Extraordinary X-Men and X-Men Gold . Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby , the series launched in September 1963, introducing in its first issue the original five X-Men ( Warren Worthington III/Angel , Hank McCoy/Beast , Scott Summers/Cyclops , Robert "Bobby" Drake/Iceman , and Jean Grey/Marvel Girl ) and their teacher, Charles Xavier/Professor X as well as their nemesis,

8568-419: The skirmish, Sauron managed to grab the shard but was defeated by the combined effort of both groups. Quicksilver then grabbed the shard and escaped. Lupa, Vertigo, and Whiteout allowed the group to leave in exchange for locking Sauron in a dungeon. Uncanny X-Men Uncanny X-Men , originally published as The X-Men , is an American comic book series published by Marvel Comics since 1963, and

8670-544: The story wanting to depict the Sentinels as a genuine threat to the existence of the mutant race. He then left the series after #143, being replaced by a returning Cockrum, who in turn was succeeded by Paul Smith and John Romita Jr. By the mid-1980s, The Uncanny X-Men had become one of the best-selling American comic books , turning many of the writers and illustrators into industry stars and leading to numerous spin-offs and miniseries . Erik Magnus Lehnsherr/Magneto

8772-504: The team to expose the Skrull infiltrator, the team learns of the Twelve. As Apocalypse's plans come to fruition, many X-Men, as well as the members of the Twelve, come together to battle him, even as he warps reality. Chris Claremont Christopher S. Claremont ( / ˈ k l ɛər m ɒ n t / ; born November 25, 1950) is an American comic book writer and novelist. Claremont

8874-482: The title led into the " Messiah Complex " crossover event, dealing with the first mutant birth since the Decimation. Matt Fraction became co-author from #500, and sole author from #504. The entire X-Men team relocated to San Francisco – first to the city, and then, after the " Utopia " crossover with Dark Avengers , to an island named Utopia in San Francisco Bay . The Nation X storyline focused on

8976-957: The world. During his tenure at Marvel, Claremont co-created numerous X-Men characters, such as Rogue , Psylocke (Betsy Braddock) , Kitty Pryde/Shadowcat , Phoenix , the Brood , Lockheed , Shi'ar , Shi'ar Imperial Guard , Mystique , Destiny , Selene , Reverend William Stryker , Lady Mastermind , Emma Frost , Tessa , Siryn , Jubilee , Rachel Summers , Madelyne Pryor , Moira MacTaggert , Lilandra , Shadow King , Cannonball , Warpath , Mirage , Wolfsbane , Karma , Cypher , Sabretooth , Empath , Sebastian Shaw , Donald Pierce , Avalanche , Pyro , Legion , Nimrod , Gateway , Strong Guy , Proteus , Mister Sinister , Marauders , Purifiers , Captain Britain , Sunspot , Forge , and Gambit . Claremont wrote many classic stories, including " The Dark Phoenix Saga " and " Days of Future Past ", on which he collaborated with John Byrne . He developed

9078-435: The writer of X-Men , Claremont became known for certain characteristic phrases, such as Wolverine's saying, "I'm the best there is at what I do. And what I do...isn't very nice", which became closely associated with the character. A 2009 Slate article called Claremont the " soapiest writer in comic books.... The classic Claremont pose is either a character, head hung in shame with two enormous rivers of tears running down

9180-616: Was Daredevil #102 (Aug. 1973). As an entry into regular comics writing, Claremont was given the fledgling feature " Iron Fist " in Marvel Premiere as of issue #23 (Aug. 1975). He was joined two issues later by artist John Byrne . The Claremont/Byrne team continued to work together when the character received its own self-titled series in November 1975. This title lasted 15 issues. Though his acting career did not yield great success, he functioned well at Marvel, where he obtained

9282-487: Was a pilot and caterer. Claremont is Jewish on his mother's side, and lived in a kibbutz in Israel during his youth. His family moved to the United States when he was three years old, and he was raised primarily on Long Island . Alienated by the sports-oriented suburbs, his grandmother purchased for him a subscription to Eagle when he was a child, and he grew up reading Dan Dare , finding them more exciting than

9384-437: Was announced in 1992, Claremont was named as one of its founders. However, the project was canceled when Portacio decided instead to do Wetworks . Claremont attempted to find other artist for the series, but all those in whom he was interested were either drawing X-Men or had their own projects with Image, and thus he did not become one of Image's founders. In 1992 he wrote the graphic novel Star Trek : Debt of Honor , which

9486-465: Was at a loss for story ideas, "All I'd have to do was go through all of the plot threads that he had left for the last year or two." Claremont introduced new supporting characters to the X-Men series including Moira MacTaggert in issue #96 and Lilandra Neramani in #97. Jean Grey a.k.a. Marvel Girl, one of Marvel's first female heroes, underwent a dramatic transformation into the extremely powerful Phoenix in issue #101. Issue #107 (Oct. 1977) saw

9588-611: Was fired by editor Bobbie Chase in early 2000, a decision that he was angered by. Claremont also wrote The Fantastic 4th Voyage of Sinbad in 2001, a one shot starring the Fantastic Four on an adventure with Sinbad the Sailor . The comic was pencilled Pascual Ferry . In 2000, as part of the company's " Revolution " event, he wrote Uncanny X-Men and X-Men until he moved to X-Treme X-Men , again working with penciller Salvador Larroca. He returned to Uncanny X-Men again for

9690-524: Was gradually revealed to be more complex: #150 established that he was a survivor of the Holocaust , and in #161 it is shown that Erik Magnus Lehnsherr/Magneto and Professor Charles Xavier had known each other before Xavier had founded the X-Men. Anna Marie LeBeau/Rogue , a member of Raven Darkholme/Mystique 's Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, defected to the X-Men in #171 (July 1983). Raven Darkholme/Mystique's Brotherhood of Evil Mutants changed sides and became

9792-474: Was illustrated by Adam Hughes . Stan Lee interviewed Claremont for episode 7 of the 1991–92 documentary series The Comic Book Greats . In 1993, he began writing the 12-issue miniseries Aliens/Predator: Deadliest of the Species for Dark Horse Comics , which was completed in 1995. That year saw a decline in his comics output, however, as he turned his focus to writing novels, citing frustration with how

9894-610: Was in this battle that Magneto and the Brotherhood were reduced to infancy by Alpha, the Ultimate Mutant . Xavier made one final solo appearance during this period in Giant-Size Fantastic Four #4 (Feb. 1975), where he assisted the Fantastic Four in subduing Jamie Madrox, the Multiple Man . X-Men was relaunched in May 1975 with Giant-Size X-Men #1, by Len Wein and Dave Cockrum . The title featured

9996-595: Was launched in February 2013 with an April 2013 cover date, written by Brian Michael Bendis, who is also writing another X-Men title, All-New X-Men , and drawn by Chris Bachalo. It features Cyclops and remnants of his Extinction Team recruiting new mutants to help them prepare for what Cyclops believes to be an inevitable revolution, coinciding events of the first All-New X-Men story arc. This volume saw Cyclops leading his team to an abandoned Weapon X facility to train new recruits and prepare for impending war against

10098-405: Was launched two months later and featured the original five X-Men. This meant the resurrection of Jean Grey (performed by retcon , the character appearing from #101 having never really been her), and having Scott Summers/Cyclops abandon his wife and child. Claremont strongly objected to the latter, and was hostile towards the title until Louise Simonson became writer. Artist Arthur Adams began

10200-544: Was loosely based on his 1982 X-Men graphic novel God Loves, Man Kills . Besides his work on X-Men and its spinoffs, Claremont wrote Marvel Team-Up , Spider-Woman and Ms. Marvel during this time. He and artist John Bolton created the Marada the She-Wolf character in 1981. Claremont's stories for Marvel Team-Up included the cast of NBC 's Saturday Night Live appearing in issue #74 (Oct. 1978) and

10302-451: Was replaced as scripter from #287 by Scott Lobdell , who was fully credited as writer from #289. The " X-Cutioner's Song " crossover was released in the fall of 1992 and resulted in the outbreak of the Legacy virus , a mutant-specific plague which continued as a story element in X-Men comics until 2001. Crossovers continued through the 1990s. The " Fatal Attractions " crossover of 1993 saw

10404-465: Was replaced by Steven T. Seagle with issue #350 (Dec. 1997). He was replaced in turn with Alan Davis , as plotter, from issue #366 (Mar. 1999) to #380. Davis's run included " the Twelve " crossover from #370–375, in which Apocalypse sought the only 12 mutants, which also ran in his X-Men title, again being treated as a biweekly publication. As part of the Revolution relaunch, Chris Claremont made

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