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70-442: Others In terms of Ihsan : Sayyid ( UK : / s aɪ ɪ d , ˈ s eɪ j ɪ d / , US : / ˈ s ɑː j ɪ d / ; Arabic : سيد [ˈsæjjɪd] ; Persian: [sejˈjed] ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: سادة sādah ; feminine: سيدة sayyidah ; Persian: [sejˈjede] ) is an honorific title of Hasanids and Husaynids Muslims, recognized as descendants of

140-582: A meritocratic sign of respect. Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sovereign, or lord. It also denotes someone respected and of high status. In the Arab world , sayyid is the equivalent of the English word " liege lord " or "master" when referring to a descendant of Muhammad, as for example in Sayyid Ali Sultan . The foundation of

210-420: A subset of those who are mu'min , and those who are mu'min are a subset of muslims : From the preceding discussion it should be clear that not every Muslim is a man or woman of faith ( mu'min ), but every person of faith is a Muslim . Furthermore, a Muslim who believes in all the principles of Islam may not necessarily be a righteous person, a doer of good ( muhsin ), but a truly good and righteous person

280-589: A two-year rebellion in Jerusalem, after which he fled and was later captured and executed. His death marked the demise of the al-Husayni family, and the beginning of the Ghudayya family's era. The first member of the latter to serve as Jerusalem's naqib al-ashraf was Abd al-Latif Ghudayya. At some point during the 18th century, the Ghudayyas adopted the name of their predecessors and were thenceforth known as

350-609: A Hanafi Qazi from Madrassa Al Nizamiyya , originally from Halab (Aleppo) who travelled to India with Muhammad of Ghor after the Second Battle of Tarain . He was an eleventh generational descendant of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin through his son Abd Allah Al Bahr Al Ilm . Sharafuddin Maneri belongs to Banu Hashim family of Imam Taj Faqih. In Bihar, Sayyids were landlords, judges, barristers, intellectuals, civil servant, clerics, teachers, businessmen and farmers. Sufi Saint and

420-587: A branch of Naqvi Bukhari. Famous Pir Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna son of great warrior Syed Sadaruddin Shah Kabeer Naqvi (saint and also chief advisor) of Sikandar Lodi was also born in Kannauj and spent 66yrs of his life in kannauj later moved to Shah Jeewna . Makhdoom Jahaniya Mosque is still present in Shikana, Kannauj. Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan was also from Kannauj, he

490-627: A constant watch over the house of the Imam...he sent some of these midwives to examine the slave girls of the Imam to determine if they were pregnant. If a woman was found pregnant she was detained and imprisoned.... Men belonging to the Sayyid families or tribes in the Arab world used to wear white or ivory coloured daggers like jambiyas , khanjars or shibriyas to demarcate their nobility amongst other Arab men, although this custom has been restricted due to

560-536: A large Jagirdara consisting of 52 villages.Abdullapur named after Syed Mir Abdulla Naqvi Al Bukhari, he built Kot Fort of this place in the 16th century, it was his main residence. Bukhari of Abdullapur are fractionate into Kannauji Bukhari and Jalal Bukhari. Kannauji's are descendants of Jalaludin Haider through Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna or Shah Jewna son of warrior and chief advisor of Sikandar Lodi . Famous writer Syed Qudrat Naqvi Al Bukhari

630-609: A nation, took this title to portray themselves as respected and honored, though they are not actually the descendants of Muhammad . This gives reasons to think that this title is founded later on. Morimoto refers to Mominov, who describes that the emergence of a community leader during the Mongol era ( Ilkhanate ) gave rise to the prominence of the title Sayyid. This leader is most probably the Sunni Shafiite scholar Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani , who lived in this time, being known as

700-490: A non-Sayyid father and a Sayyida mother claims the title of Mirza . Although reliable statistics are unavailable, conservative estimates put the number of Sayyids in the tens of millions. Traditionally, Islam has had a rich history of the veneration of relics , especially of those attributed to Muhammad . The most genuine prophetic relics are believed to be those housed in the Hirkai Serif Odasi (Chamber of

770-745: A privileged elite. When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, the Sayyid played an important role in the turbulent politics of the time. The new British colonial authorities that replaced the Mughals after the Battle of Buxar made a pragmatic decision to work with the various Sayyid jagirdars . Several Sayyid taluqdars in Awadh were substantial landowners under the British colonial regime, and many other Sayyid contributed to state administration. After

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840-649: A saint credited with the honorific titles "Amir-e-Kabir"( English : Grand Prince ) and "Ali-e-Saani" ( English : Second Ali ). Hamadani's religious legacy in Kashmir as well as his headquarter ( Persian : Khanqah ) the Khanqa-e-Mola became under the control of the Grand Sayyid Hazrat Ishaan . Hazrat Ishaan's descendants are buried in Hamadani's headquarter, on which occasion it

910-575: A state clergy. The Safavids offered them land and money in return for loyalty. These scholars taught Twelver Shiism, made it accessible to the population, and energetically encouraged conversion to Shiism. During the reign of Shah Abbas the Great , the Safavids also imported to Iran more Arab Shias, predominantly Sayyids , built religious institutions for them, including many Madrasas (religious schools), and successfully persuaded them to participate in

980-473: A warrior Malik Ibrahim Bayu who conquered Bihar during the time of tughlaq is one the most famous personality in bihar. Bihar's first prime minister Mohammad Yunus Nobel prize nominee and Padma shri winner Syed Hassan , Political Scientist Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem was the Pro-Vice Chancellor of Aligarh University and Karachi University, The great Abdul Bari , Zaid Hamid Syed Zaid Zaman Hamid

1050-659: Is Sultan Saadat (Sodot) who died in Termez . His burial place is located in the main mausoleum Sultan Saodat memorial complex in Termez. According to other old genealogical sources Sayyid Ali was the second son of Sayyid Imam Muhammad al Askari who is considered the elder brother of imam Hasan al-Askari These Central Asian notable sayyid families have historical genealogical manuscripts that are confirmed with seals by many Naqibs, Muftis, Imams, Kadi Kuzzats, A’lams, Khans, and Emirs of those times. One descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar

1120-533: Is a Bukhari Naqvi Sayyed converted from Shi'a Islam to Sunni Islam in the early 1800s. There are different families of syeds in Bihar who belong to direct descendants of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain. Mostly there are Hussaini (Rizvi, Zaidi, Baqri) along with Hasani (Malik, Quadri or Geelani). Sadaat are settle in different part of bihar including shia and sunni sects. They are mostly migrated to bihar from Iraq and Iran. Syed Yaqub Halabi also known as Syed Yaqub Baghdadi,

1190-433: Is a Pakistani far-right, Islamist political commentator and was included in 500 most influential Muslims in world and Brigadier Malik Mokhtar Karim are few names from Malik Sadaat of Bihar. Ihsan Ihsan ( Arabic : إحسان ʾiḥsān , also romanized ehsan ), is an Arabic term meaning "to do beautiful things", "beautification", "perfection", or "excellence" (Arabic: husn , lit.   ' beauty ' ). Ihsan

1260-500: Is a matter of taking one's inner faith ( iman ) and showing it in both deed and action, a sense of social responsibility borne from religious convictions. In Islam , Ihsan is the Muslim responsibility to obtain perfection, or excellence, in worship, such that Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see Him, they undoubtedly believe that He is constantly watching over them. That definition comes from

1330-482: Is both a Muslim and a true person of faith. Some Islamic scholars explain ihsan as being the inner dimension of Islam whereas shariah is often described as the outer dimension. Ihsan "constitutes the highest form of worship" ( ibadah ). It is excellence in work and in social interactions. For example, ihsan includes sincerity during Muslim prayers and being grateful to parents, family, and God. Naqib al-ashraf The office dated back at least to

1400-466: Is disputed by many people. Some genealogies of Middle Eastern and Central Asian families (mostly from Persia), East Africa (mostly in Somaliland and Ethiopia), Khorasan, Samarqand, and Bukhara show that Hasan al-Askari had a second son called Sayyid Ali Akbar , which indicates that al-Askari had children and substantiates the existence of Muhammad al Mahdi . Whether in fact al-Askari did have children

1470-777: Is in the Zainageer Village of Sopore, Kashmir . Iraqi Sayyids or Iraqi biradri in Eastern Uttar Pradesh are descendants of Sayyid Masud Al Hussaini who was the direct descendant of Muhammad's grandson Hussain ibn Ali and came to India from Iraq during the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1330 A.D. He settled with his seven sons and forty champions in Ghazipur (U.P.) as some of them (i.e., Syed Abu Bakr in Nonahra, Ghazipur) converted to Sunni Islam in

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1540-601: Is known as the Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab today. However, in Sunni Islam as practiced in the Ottoman and Mughal Empire , a person descending from Muhammad (either maternally or paternally) can only claim the title of Sayyid meritocratically by passing audits , whereupon exclusive rights, like paying lesser taxes, will be granted. These are mostly based on the claimant's demonstrated knowledge of

1610-734: Is still disputed, perhaps because of the political conflicts between the followers of the Imamah and the leadership of the Abbasids and Ghulat Shiites who do not believe in Hasan al-Askari's Imamah . Another group of historians studying the pedigrees of some Central Asian saints' shejere (genealogy trees) believe that the Twelfth Imam was not the only son of Hasan al-Askari, and that the Eleventh Imam had two sons: Sayyid Muhammad (i.e.,

1680-810: The Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh. They are considered to be the first Muslim settlers in North India. In 1033 Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud was killed at the battle of Bahraich , the location of his mazar . Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud had no children. His parental uncle Syed Maroofuddin Ghazi and his family lived in Tijara until 1857 before they migrated to Bhopal. Syed Ahmed Rizvi Kashmiri and Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain were both Rizvi Sayyids through Aaqa Meer Sayyid Hussain Qomi Rizvi, whose sacred shrine

1750-547: The Hadith of Gabriel in which Muhammad states, "[Ihsan is] to worship God as though you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, then indeed He sees you". ( Al-Bukhari and Al-Muslim ). According to Muhammad's hadith "God has written ihsan on everything". Ihsan is one of the three dimensions of the Islamic religion ( ad-din ): In contrast to the emphases of islam (what one should do) and iman (why one should do),

1820-615: The Mamluk era and was maintained by the Ottoman Empire . During the Ottoman era, there was an imperial naqib al-ashraf who appointed subordinate provincial nuqaba al-ashraf . The appointments were renewed or changed on an annual basis. The official role of the imperial naqib al-ashraf was to keep updated lists of the ashraf and to distribute to the provincial nuqaba al-ashraf the goods and funds that they required to administer

1890-713: The Quran and piousness ( Arabic : Taqwa ) under the assessment of a Naqib al-Ashraf , also known as a Mir in Persian-speaking countries. Notable examples of such a Naqib (plural: "Nuqaba") or Mirs (plural: "Miran"), were Hazrat Ishaan in the Mughal Empire and his descendant Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha in Royal Afghanistan . In Shia Islam , with the advent of the Safavids a male person with

1960-932: The Rassids , the Qasimids, the Mutawakkilites, the Hamideddins, some Al-Zaidi of Ma'rib , Sana'a, and Sa'dah , the Ba 'Alawi sadah families in Hadhramaut , Mufadhal of Sana'a , Al-Shammam of Sa'dah, the Sufyan of Juban, and the Al-Jaylani of Juban. In South Asia, Sayyids are mostly credited for preaching and consolidating the religion of Islam. They are predominantly descendants of leading saints of Sunni faith that migrated from Persia to preach Islam of which

2030-682: The Sultanate of Kano in Nigeria due to conflicts and wars within the Moroccan monarchy after the death of Ismail ibn Sharif . The claim of being descendants of Muhammad enabled them to be regarded as a kind of nobility, with them becoming privileged in the chieftaincy system of the Kano Emirate. They were additionally believed to possess baraka , in Kano Emirate, they are referred to as Awliya Madinawa Malamai by some people, in reference to

2100-678: The Tanzimat modernization reforms, the post of naqib al-ashraf lost considerable political influence, although a permanent seat for the Damascene naqib was reserved in the newly formed Administrative Council of Damascus Province, the highest political body in Damascus Vilayet . Two local ashraf families, the al-Ajlani and Hamza, competed for the post in Damascus for much of the 18th and 19th centuries. Their service as nuqaba

2170-531: The al-Husayni family. The new al-Husayni family dominated the post of naqib al-ashraf until the 20th century. In Nigeria , the Madinawa clan are serving in the post, they are Islamic Leaders that claimed to be a clan of Sharifian descent and traced their lineage to the family of Muhammad through his grandson Hassan ibn Ali. They are related to the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco and are said to have migrated to

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2240-555: The al-Jabiri , al-Kawakibi, al-Trablusi, al-Qudsi, al-Adili and Shurayyif families. In Damascus , the office of naqib al-ashraf was the most socially prestigious post in the city among the various religious posts, including that of the Hanafi and Shafi'i muftis and the khatibs of major mosques, such as the Umayyad Mosque . However, this prestige did not necessarily translate into great political influence. Following

2310-455: The ashraf in Aleppo constituted roughly 85% of the city's elite families, partially due to the large presence ashraf families traditionally had in the city, but also because of increasing intermarriage between ashraf and non- ashraf families. Because of their massive presence, there were typically a handful of ashraf families that formed the upper ranks of Aleppo's ashraf . For much of

2380-688: The 15th to 17th centuries during the Safavid era. The Safavids transformed the religious landscape of Iran by imposing Twelver Shiism on the populace. Since most of the population embraced Sunni Islam, and an educated version of Shiism was scarce in Iran at the time, Ismail imported a new group of Shia Ulama who predominantly were Sayyids from traditional Shiite centers of the Arabic-speaking lands, such as Jabal Amel (of southern Lebanon), Syria , Bahrain , and southern Iraq in order to create

2450-513: The 17th century, the office of naqib al-ashraf was held by the Zuhrawi family, who were closely associated with the Shia Muslim community (Shia Muslim scholars identified them as Shia). The Taha family dominated the post for most of the 18th century, but at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, their control of the office was frequently interrupted by members of

2520-709: The Al Said dynasty, are able to use the title of Sayyid or Sayyida. Male line descendants of Sultan Turki bin Said are also able to use the style of His/Her Highness . The Sayyid title in Oman is some times translated as Prince . In Yemen the Sayyids are more generally known as sadah ; they are also referred to as Hashemites . In terms of religious practice they are Sunni , Shia , and Sufi . Sayyid families in Yemen include

2590-577: The Al-Awadhi Huwala family), Al-Gharawi, Al-Sabzewari, Al-Shubber, Al-Hayali, Al-Kamaludeen, Al-Asadi and many others. Sayyids (in Persian : سید Seyyed ) are found in vast numbers in Iran . The Chief of "National Organization for Civil Registration" of Iran declared that more than 6 millions of Iranians are Sayyid . The majority of Sayyids migrated to Iran from Arab lands predominantly in

2660-641: The Holy Mantle) in Istanbul 's Topkapı Palace . In addition to the sayyid title, descendants of Muhammad through the Twelve Imams in Arabic , Persian and Urdu may obtain the following surnames : al-Hashimi الهاشمي al-Hashimi الهاشمي Hassani حسنى Hassani حسنی Noshahi نوشاہی Ba 'Alawi ال باعلوي Also, El-Husseini, Al-Husseini, Husseini, and Hussaini. Those who use

2730-408: The Islamic prophet's companion , Ali through his grandsons, Hasan and Husayn . A few Arabic language experts state that it has its roots in the word al-asad الأسد , meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valor and leadership. The word is derived from the verb sāda, meaning to rule. The title seyyid/sayyid existed before Islam, however not in light of a specific descent, but as

2800-420: The Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendant, in the 11th generation of the 11th Shia imam al-Hasan al-Askari. Although Shiite historians generally reject the claim that Hasan al-Askari fathered children other than Muhammad al-Mahdi, Bab Mawlid Abi Muhammad al-Hasan writes, in the Shiite hadith book Usul al-Kafi : When the caliph got news of Hasan 'Askari's illness, he instructed his agents to keep

2870-426: The Ottomans typically appointed a provincial naqib al-ashraf from Istanbul. This changed in the mid-18th century when Muhammad Abu Hadi, a member of Cairo -based al-Sadat al-Wafa'iyya ashraf family, was appointed to the post. Members of the al-Sadat family continued to consecutively serve as nuqaba al-ashraf in Egypt until being replaced in 1763 by another Cairene ashraf family, al-Bakri . The first member of

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2940-531: The Persian Sayyid Moinuddin Chishti has set the cornerstone. Thus Moinuddin Chishti is regarded as Sultan-i-Hindustan in Islamic Theology . The following saints and their descendants are most well known: The earliest migration of Sayyids from Afghanistan to North India took place in 1032 when Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu (general and brother-in-law of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni ) and his son Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud established their military headquarters at Satrikh (16 km (9.9 mi) from Zaidpur ) in

3010-406: The Sayyid ul Sadaat of this dynasty are also regarded as the supreme leaders of the Qadiriyya Naqshbandi Sufi Order . In Jerusalem , the Husayni family served the post during early Ottoman rule. Their patrons were the Farrukh family whose members had often served as district governors of Jerusalem until the late 17th century. In 1703, a member of the al-Husayni family, Muhammad ibn Mustafa, led

3080-410: The Shia Mahdi) and Sayyid Ali Akbar. According to the earliest reports as from official family tree documents and records , Imam Hasan al-Askari fathered seven children and was survived by six. The names of his biological children were: Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, Musa, Ja’far, Ibrahim, Fatima, Ayesha, and ‘Ali , sometimes referred to as Akbar, Asghar or Abdullah. Sayyid ‘Ali Akbar bin Imam Hasan al-Askari

3150-573: The abolition of the zamindari system, many Sayyid zamindars (e.g. that of Ghazipur ) had to leave their homes. The ancestor of the Bārha Sayyids , Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, left his original home in Wasit , Iraq, with his twelve sons at the end of the 13th century and migrated to India, where he obtained four villages in Sirhind-Fategarh . By the 16th century Abu'l Farah's descendants had taken over Bārha villages in Muzaffarnagar . The Sayyeds of Abdullapur Meerut are descendants of great saint Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari . They had

3220-402: The affairs of the ashraf under their respective jurisdictions. Ashraf in the Ottoman Empire were accorded special privileges, including personal inviolability , certain tax exemptions and immunity from regular prosecution. In the event of a legal complaint against a member of the ashraf , the naqib al-ashraf would prosecute and judge the alleged offender. The imperial naqib al-ashraf

3290-414: The beginning of the 8th century . The Bahrainis supported, Imam Ali in his wars in the Camel , Siffin and Nahrawan , and several Bahraini men emerged from the leaders of the Commander of the Faithful including the companion Zayd ibn Suhan al-Abdi who was killed in the Battle of the Camel when he was fighting alongside the Commander of Imam Ali . And the companion Sa'sa'a bin Sohan Al Abdi who

3360-420: The concept of ihsan is primarily associated with intention. One who "does what is beautiful" is called a muhsin . It is generally held that a person can only achieve true Ihsan with the help and guidance of God , who governs all things. While traditionally Islamic jurists have concentrated on islam and theologians on iman , the Sufis have focused their attention on ihsan . Those who are muhsin are

3430-446: The east. They are predominantly Sunni Muslims, although there are some, including in Bamiyan Province, who belong to Shia Islam. These individuals are often referred to as Sadat (from [سادات] Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |trans= ( help ) , the plural of Sayyid ), a term traditionally used to denote the descendants of Hasan and Hussein , the first Shia martyrs and sons of Ali, who are grandsons of Muhammad, particularly in

3500-445: The family conquered and settled in Bilgram. A notable Sufi that belonged to a Sayyid family was Syed Salar Masud, from whom many of the Sayyid families of Awadh claim their lineage. Sayyids of Salon ( Raebareli ), Jarwal (Bahraich), Kintoor ( Barabanki ), and Zaidpur (Barabanki) were well-known Taluqadars (feudal lords) of Awadh province. Sadaat also found in Kannauj trace their lineage from Husayn through Ali al-Hadi ,

3570-535: The government, which they had shunned in the past (following the Hidden imam doctrine). Common Sayyid family surnames in Iran are Husseini , Mousavi , Kazemi , Razavi, Eshtehardian, Tabatabaei , Hashemi , Hassani , Jafari , Emami, Ahmadi, Zaidi , Imamzadeh , Sherazi, Kermani (kirmani), Shahidi , and Mahdavi . In Bahrain Sayyids are used to refer to great-grandchildren of Muhammed. Sayyids are found every where and in vast populations although number contradict. Sayyids started living in Bahrain since

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3640-412: The latter family to hold the post was Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Bakri. Thereafter, the al-Sadat and al-Bakri families competed for the post, although the latter largely held it until the early 20th century. Like other provincial nuqaba al-ashraf , the Egyptian naqib was required to pay a hefty sum to the authorities in Istanbul. The role of the naqib al-ashraf in Egypt, besides the traditional roles of

3710-406: The local laws of the variously divided Arab countries. In the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , the Sayyid have been recognized as an ethnic group. On March 15, 2019, President Ashraf Ghani decreed the inclusion of the "Sadat tribe" in the electronically registered national identity documents (Tazkira). The majority of Sayyids live in Balkh and Kunduz in the north, as well as in Nangarhar in

3780-550: The northern Hejaz region and British India. The Sayyid families in Iraq are so numerous that there are books written especially to list the families and connect their trees. Some of these families are: the Alyassiri, Al Aqeeqi, Al-Nasrullah, Al-Wahab, Al-Hashimi , Al-Barznji, Al- Quraishi , Al-Marashi , Al-Witry, Al-Obaidi , Al-Samarai, Al-Zaidi , Al-A'araji, Al-Baka, Al- Hasani , Al- Hussaini , Al- Shahristani , Al-Qazwini Al- Qadri , Tabatabaei , Al- Alawi, Al-Ghawalib (Al-Ghalibi), Al-Musawi , Al-Awadi (not to be confused with

3850-498: The office, included participation in various ceremonies such as the procession of the kiswah before it left with the Hajj pilgrim caravan to Mecca, and ensuring the ashraf families' participation in the procession of the mahmal (decorated litter symbolizing authority of the sultan ) to Mecca. The naqib al-ashraf often commenced building activity for religious institutions such as new mosques or Sufi lodges. The most important Sunni Muslim religious leader in Ottoman Iraq

3920-407: The reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi around 1517. His Shia descendants are now known as Sayyids of Ghazipur. Sayyids of Syed nagli, or Said Nagli, or the Baquari Syeds had migrated from Termez (Present day Uzbekistan) during the Sultanate era. Sikandar Lodi was the ruler of Delhi when Mir Syed Mohammad al Hussain al Hussaini al Termezi Haji al Haramain came to India and settled at Syed Nagli . He

3990-402: The supervisor of the Sayyids was known as "Sayyid ul Sadaat". The family of the Sayyid ul Sadaat was the family of Khwaja Mir Sayyid Hassan . He was a descendant of Imam Musa Al-Kadhim and from a distinguished line of Sadaat. These Sadaat passed on the knowledge of Ahlul Bayt in islamic law and Tasawuff . Khwaja Sayyid Mir Hassan being representative of the Sadaat in the Durrani Empire

4060-587: The term Sayyid for all descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib regard Allawis or Alavis as Sayyids. However, Allawis are not descendants of Muhammad, as they are descended from the children of Ali and the women he married after the death of Fatima, such as Umm ul-Banin (Fatima bint Hizam). Those who limit the term Sayyid to descendants of Muhammad through Fatima, Alawites are the same how Sayyids . Some Sayyids are Najeeb Al Tarfayn , meaning "Noble on both sides", which indicates that both of their parents are Sayyid. The existence of any descendant of Hasan al Askari

4130-400: The title Sayyid is unclear. In fact the title Sayyid as a unified reference for descendants of Muhammad did not exist, according to Morimoto Kazuo, until the Mongol conquests . This can be substantiated by historic records about Abdul Qadir Gilani and Bahauddin Naqshband , who did not refer to themselves with any title, despite their lineages to Muhammad . Sometimes the ruling community of

4200-420: The tomb of the great companion Sa'sa'a bin Sohan Al Abdi who is buried in Bahrain . In Oman , Sayyid is used solely as a royal title and not as a means of indicating descent from Muhammad . It is used by members of the ruling Al Said family who are not descended from Muhammad but instead from the Azd , a Qahtanite tribe. All male line descendants of Sultan Ahmad bin Said , the first ruler of Oman from

4270-490: The two brothers Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Jan and Sayyid ul Sadaat Mir Sayyid Mahmud Agha , maternal descendants of Hasan al Askari; qadi Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon ; and Sufi saints Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin and Pir Baba . In her book Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India , Dr. Annemarie Schimmel writes: Khwaja Mir Dard 's family, like many nobles, from Bukhara; led their pedigree back to Baha'uddin Naqshband, after whom

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4340-569: Was Saint Ishan (Eshon) Imlo of Bukhara. Ishan Imlo is called "saint of the last time" in Bukhara, as it is believed that after him there were no more saints – Asian Muslims generally revere him as the last of the saints. According to the source, Ishan Imlo died in 1162   AH (1748–1749); his mausoleum (mazar) is in a cemetery in Bukhara. Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar are Sufi saints like Bahauddin Naqshband , descendant after eleven generations; Khwaja Khawand Mahmud known as Hazrat Ishaan, descendant after eighteen generations;

4410-457: Was a Baquari Syed who drew his lineage from Muhammad al Baqir . Perhaps the most important figure in the history of the Sayyid in Uttar Pradesh was Sayyid Basrullah Shustari, who moved from Mashad in Iran in 1549 and joined the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar . Akbar appointed Shustari as his chief justice, who used his position to strengthen the status of the various Sayyid families. They were preferred in administrative posts and formed

4480-441: Was born here later migrated to Pakistan after partition, his famous books are Ghalib kaun hai, Asaas-i-Urdu, Ghalib-i-sad rang, Seerat-un-Nabi, Hindi-Urdu lughat, Mutal'a-i-Abdul Haq, Lisani maqalaat. The Sayyids of Bilgram are Hussaini Sayyids, who first migrated from Wasit, Iraq, in the 13th century. Their ancestor, Syed Mohammad Sughra, a Zaidi Sayyid of Iraq, arrived in India during the rule of Sultan Iltutmish . In 1217–18

4550-446: Was occasionally interrupted by other ashraf families, namely the al-Kaylani and al-Hasibi. Shia or Shia-associated nuqaba in lesser cities in Damascus province included members of the Murtada family in Baalbek . The Murtada nuqaba were not explicitly followers of Shia Islam, although their suspected affiliation with Shia Islam was the likely reason that they were never given the post in Sunni Muslim-dominated Damascus. In Egypt ,

4620-424: Was provided to the Shia descendants of Hasan and Husayn, and mostly alternated between Al Faiz and Al Zheek. In Basra , the naqib al-ashraf was often also the hereditary chief of the Rifa'iyya Sufi order . The influence of Basra's nuqaba al-ashraf fluctuated depending on the personal wealth of the individual naqib or the Ottoman authorities' use of him in the region 's political affairs. In Afghanistan

4690-464: Was the naqib al-ashraf of Baghdad . His influence was nominally limited to Baghdad, but often extended throughout Iraq. The principal ashraf family to provide the niqaba of Baghdad were the Gaylani (Keilani) family, descendants of Abd al-Qadir al-Gaylani , the founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order which was popular throughout the Islamic world . In Karbala , the naqib al-ashraf was known as naqib al-ha'ir (Ha'ir being another name for Karbala). It

4760-403: Was the ambassador of the Commander of the Faithful to Mu`awiyah , and he and Mu`awiyah have many stories that historians have transmitted to us. Historians have called them this title because they agreed on a Thursday that they would die for the sake of the Commander of the Faithful. The tomb of Zayd ibn Suhan is still visited in Bahrain and is called by Bahrainis as Prince Zaid, as well as

4830-420: Was the father of the three Saints that inherited the Golden chain of Shah Naqshband . These three Saints are: Their mother was the Amira of the Naqshbandiyya Tariqa Bibi Sayyida Siddiqa al Ula, who was a descendant of Hazrat Ishaan and Sayyid Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband . This line is known for their blood relation as descendants of Bahauddin Naqshband , Abdul Qadir Gilani and Imam Hasan Al Askari . Thus

4900-424: Was typically a member of the ashraf based in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul . The naqib al-ashraf played a significant role in the sultanic court ceremonials in Istanbul. In Aleppo , the ashraf played a more significant role in that city's affairs than anywhere else in the Ottoman Empire, including Cairo and Damascus, where the nuqaba al-ashraf often were or grew wealthy. At one point during Ottoman rule,

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