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47-535: Salesforce Tower , formerly known as Transbay Tower , is a 61-story supertall skyscraper at 415 Mission Street , between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco . Its main tenant is Salesforce , a cloud-based software company. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m). Designed by César Pelli and developed by Hines Interests Limited Partnership and Boston Properties , it

94-591: A 50% stake in the project and in 2013 acquired most of Hines' remaining interest to become 95% owners of the project. The site of the tower was in a dilapidated area, formerly used as a ground-level entrance to the San Francisco Transbay Terminal , which was demolished in 2011. The TJPA sold the parcel to Boston Properties and Hines for US$ 192 million, and ceremonial groundbreaking for the new tower occurred on March 27, 2013, with below-grade construction work starting in late 2013. The project

141-451: A building, except otherwise exempted, and uncovered areas for commercial uses are deemed the gross floor area of the building for purposes of plot ratio control and development charge. The gross floor area is the total area of the covered floor space measured between the centre line of party walls, including the thickness of external walls but excluding voids. Accessibility and usability are not criteria for exclusion from GFA. 3.2 URA reserves

188-580: A commercial property. Specifically, gross leasable area is the total floor area designed for tenant occupancy and exclusive use, including any basements , mezzanines , or upper floors. It is typically expressed in square metres (although in some places such as the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, the square foot is used). It is measured from the center line of joint partitions and from outside wall faces. That is, gross leasable area

235-490: A glass and steel curtain wall , surrounding a structural steel frame, which surrounds a reinforced concrete core. The building is enclosed in a lattice consisting of white aluminum fins and perforated sunshades, which reach out as much as two feet beyond the glass skin. The tower's silhouette is smoothly tapering off toward the top. Salesforce Tower is 61 stories tall, and covers 1,400,000 sq ft (130,000 m) of floorspace . The building's top 150 feet (46 m) above

282-747: A nuanced tower, conscientious and self-assured even as it reorients the skyline and redefines San Francisco’s visual image." King also reported that "[a]rchitecture buffs already dismiss Salesforce Tower as old hat, another Clarke Pelli shaft with a tapered silhouette — just like the International Finance Centre in Hong Kong or Torre Costanera in Santiago, Chile" (the tallest building in South America). However, he defended it against such criticism, pointing out differences like

329-560: A proposal by architect César Pelli of Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, was selected as the winner of a global competition in 2007 to entitle and purchase the site. A seven-member jury of development experts assembled by the Transbay Joint Powers Authority (TJPA) selected Hines over proposals from Forest City Enterprises and architect Richard Rogers; and from Rockefeller Development Group Corp. and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill . In 2012, Boston Properties acquired

376-569: A supertall building in construction in Abidjan , Ivory Coast , will be the first such building in West Africa . This list includes completed skyscrapers that stand between 300 and 599 m (984 and 1,965 ft) in height, based on standard height measurements. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. This list does not include topped out buildings that have not been fully completed. This list does not include

423-538: Is Dubai at 31 entries, followed by Shenzhen and New York City with 20 and 18 supertall buildings respectively. As of 2024 , there are 70 cities across the world with at least one supertall building, and 235 completed supertall buildings in the world. The first supertall skyscraper to be completed was the Chrysler Building in New York City in 1930, which was 319 meters (1,047 feet) tall. This

470-475: Is a joint venture between general contractors Clark Construction and Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction . The development was originally contracted on spec, as Hines did not have a major tenant lease secured beforehand. On April 11, 2014, Salesforce.com announced that it signed a lease for 714,000 square feet (66,300 m) to become the building's anchor tenant. Previously known as the Transbay Tower,

517-409: Is located near Millennium Tower . Salesforce Tower was designed by Argentine-American architect César Pelli and developed by Hines Interests Limited Partnership and Boston Properties . In 2017, Pelli stated that the aim had been something "very tall, very big, but still polite and appropriate." It was one of Pelli's last finished works before his death in 2019. The Salesforce Tower consists of

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564-589: Is rectangular and covers 50,514 sq ft (4,692.9 m), while its frontage is 75.21 ft (22.92 m). Salesforce Tower is adjacent to the Salesforce Transit Center , a 1,430 feet (440 m) transit station that replaced the San Francisco Transbay Terminal , which had been severely damaged as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and served as the central focus of the San Francisco redevelopment plan . The building

611-412: Is satisfied is constructed or intended to be used solely for parking motor vehicles, loading or unloading of motor vehicles, or for refuse storage chambers, refuse storage and material recovery chambers, material recovery chambers, refuse storage and material recovery rooms, refuse chutes, refuse hopper rooms and other types of facilities provided to facilitate the separation of refuse to the satisfaction of

658-425: Is the area (measured in square metres or square feet ) taken up by a building or part of it. The ways of defining "floor area" depend on what factors of the building should or should not be included, such as external walls, internal walls, corridors, lift shafts, stairs, etc. Generally there are three major differences in measuring floor area. Gross floor area (GFA) in real estate is the total floor area inside

705-685: The Burj Al Arab hotel in 1999, the first supertall building in the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East. Saudi Arabia became the next country in the Middle East with a supertall building with the construction of the Kingdom Centre in 2002. Qatar completed its first supertall building, Aspire Tower , in 2007, while Kuwait completed its first supertall skyscraper, Arraya Tower , two years later. The Central Bank of

752-551: The Ferry Building and the Cliff House ), and concluded with displaying a star constellation from midnight to sunrise. The installation went toward fulfilling the requirement of San Francisco's "Downtown Plan" that one percent of construction costs have to be set aside for public art. The animations are generated by 11,000 inward-facing LED lights on the top six floors (which are unoccupied), supported by color lighting on

799-707: The JPMorgan Chase Tower in Houston . Two more American cities gained a supertall skyscraper in the 20th century: Atlanta with the Bank of American Plaza , and Los Angeles with the U.S. Bank Tower , both office buildings. After the September 11 attacks , New York City was left with only two supertall buildings. This preceded a significant boom in the construction of supertall buildings, which began with The New York Times Building in 2007. and accelerated in

846-552: The "On Hold" table below. This list includes unfinished buildings with no construction activity that were planned to be supertall skyscrapers. The height column indicates the intended height. This list ranks cities by number of completed supertall buildings. This list is inclusive of megatall buildings (buildings above 600 meters in height). It does not include supertall buildings that are topped out or under construction. Floorspace In architecture , construction , and real estate , floor area , floor space , or floorspace

893-915: The 2010s with the development of the Hudson Yards complex and residential supertall skyscrapers on Billionaires' Row . Currently, New York City has 17 supertall buildings, and 2 more under construction. In 2018, two more US cities gained their first supertall buildings: the Salesforce Tower in San Francisco, and the Comcast Technology Center in Philadelphia . Construction is underway on Waterline in Austin and Waldorf Astoria Miami in Miami , both of which would be

940-543: The 2010s, China overtook the United States to become the country with the most supertall buildings. Other cities in China that have built multiple supertall buildings since 2000 include Guiyang , Nanjing , Nanning , Tianjin , and Wuhan . Taiwan completed its first supertall building, 85 Sky Tower , in the city of Kaohsiung in 1997. This was followed by Taipei 101 in Taiwan's capital of Taipei 7 years later, which became

987-862: The 61st floor have been described as "largely ornamental". The 61st floor is known as the Ohana Floor and serves as an observation deck and lounge for Salesforce employees and guests. It is made available for use by nonprofits on evenings and weekends. In 2019, the company opened public tours of the Ohana Floor once every month. Companies involved with the project include glass manufacturer Guardian Industries , plumbing manufacturer Kohler Co. , elevator manufacturer Schindler Group , engineering consultant Morrison Hershfield , and structural engineering firm Magnusson Klemencic Associates . The footprint of Salesforce Tower rests on land fill near San Francisco's original waterfront, an area prone to soil liquefaction during earthquakes . To account for this seismic risk,

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1034-613: The Building Authority, or for access facilities for telecommunications and broadcasting services, or occupied solely by machinery or equipment for any lift, air-conditioning or heating system or any similar service. (L.N. 406 of 1987; 39 of 2000 s. 7) The non-accountable GFA is further defined in Practice Notes for Authorized Persons, Registered Structural Engineers and Registered Geotechnical Engineers no APP-2. Permitted GFA in Hong Kong land lease agreement generally

1081-865: The Republic of Turkey in Istanbul , currently under construction, will become the first supertall building in Turkey . Azrieli Spire Tower in Tel Aviv and Beyond Tower in Givatayim , both in construction, will become the first supertall buildings in Israel . Europe currently has nine supertall buildings, all completed since 2010. With the exception of The Shard in London , United Kingdom and Varso Tower in Poland ,

1128-546: The Salesforce Tower's "smooth ascent". The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) named Salesforce Tower the "Best Tall Building Worldwide" for 2019. Supertall China is the country with the most supertall buildings at 109 entries, followed by the United Arab Emirates and the United States with 35 and 31 supertall buildings respectively. The city with the most supertall buildings

1175-829: The United States to have a supertall building in North America – T.Op Torre 1 in Monterrey , which was built in 2020. Torre Rise is currently under construction in the same city, which would become the tallest building in all of Latin America if completed. While Canada has no completed supertall buildings, it has three under construction – The One , Skytower at Pinnacle One Younge , and Concord Sky , all of which are in Toronto . In Australia, supertall buildings have been built in Gold Coast and Melbourne , making Australia

1222-412: The building envelope, including the external walls, and excluding the roof. Definitions of GFA, including which areas are to be counted towards it and which areas aren't, vary around the world. Adding to this confusion is the practice among some developers to use gross leasable area (GLA) and GFA interchangeably, or to use GFA as GLA, even though GLA usually excludes corridors and other public areas inside

1269-497: The building to the roof. The building sits on reclaimed land , and multiple load-bearing pillars reach below the foundation and into bedrock . The exterior of the building consists of a glass and steel curtain wall with a steel frame and a concrete core. Each floor of the building uses brises soleil to deflect sunlight. Salesforce Tower is designed to be a green building , with the building employing water conservation measures and air intake systems. A public art light sculpture at

1316-730: The building was 97% leased to tenants including Salesforce, Covington & Burling , WeWork , Bain & Company , Accenture , McDermott Will & Emery and Hellman & Friedman . In May 2019, Boston Properties bought out Hines' remaining 5% stake in the building to become the sole owner and operator. At the time of the building's opening in January 2018, the San Francisco Chronicle's architecture critic John King characterized it as "Immense but understated. Overwhelming yet refined. A study in thick-walled minimalism that seems to hover more than soar. All of which makes for

1363-418: The building was renamed Salesforce Tower. The lease was valued at US$ 560 million over 15 + 1 ⁄ 2 years starting in 2017. The tower opened in 2018 and has 61 floors, with a decorative crown reaching 1,070 ft (326 m). The original proposal called for a 1,200-foot (370 m) tower, but the height was later reduced. The building's first tenants began moving in on January 8, 2018. Upon opening,

1410-651: The built and natural environment no. 1 and no. 2. Since such facilities granted extra floor area to develop and usually included in the GFA/ selling area the developer sold to end-user, which made end-user confused, government planned to abolish the exclusion of green features and use alternative way to encourage green features. For the total floor area, HK use the term "site coverage". GFA in Singapore, defined by Urban Redevelopment Authority as of March 2014 is: 3 Definition of gross floor area 3.1 All covered floor areas of

1457-458: The development, while both figures include areas occupied by structure, like walls and columns. Hong Kong law Chapter 123F, Building (Planning) Regulations , Regulation 23 sect 3 sub-paragraph (a) defined that: Subject to sub-paragraph (b), for the purposes of regulations 19, 20, 21 and 22, the gross floor area of a building shall be the area contained within the external walls of the building measured at each floor level (including any floor below

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1504-890: The first supertall building in Southeast Asia when it was completed in 1997. They were followed by the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia in 1998, which overtook the Sears Tower as the tallest buildings in the world at the time, and the World Trade Center as the tallest twin towers in the world. Vietnam received its first supertall building in 2012 upon the completion of Landmark 72 in Hanoi . Likewise, Indonesia completed its first supertall building, Autograph Tower in 2022. Dubai completed

1551-778: The first supertall buildings in their respective cities. The Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong was the first supertall skyscraper to be built outside of the United States in 1990. This preceded a rise in the construction of supertall skyscrapers internationally, which accelerated in the 2010s, especially in China. East Asia has become a hotspot for building such tall skyscrapers. The first supertall buildings to be built in Mainland China were CITIC Plaza in Guangzhou and Shun Hing Square in Shenzhen , both built in 1996. In

1598-573: The four tallest buildings in the world : the Burj Khalifa , Merdeka 118 , Shanghai Tower , and The Clock Towers , which are over 600 meters and classified as "megatall". This list includes skyscrapers under construction that are planned to be between 300 and 600 meters (984 and 1,968 feet) tall. based on standard height measurements. The "year" column indicates the expected year of completion. This list does not include buildings whose construction has been suspended indefinitely, which are listed in

1645-422: The level of the ground), together with the area of each balcony in the building, which shall be calculated from the overall dimensions of the balcony (including the thickness of the sides thereof), and the thickness of the external walls of the building. sub-paragraph (b): In determining the gross floor area for the purposes of regulations 20, 21 and 22, the Building Authority may disregard any floor space that he

1692-693: The maximum GFA (excluding the non-accountable above) to develop. However it may be further reduced by the effect of plot ratio, maximum site coverage, maximum permitted height of building and Outline Zoning Plan. Moreover, roof and other uncovered area is exclude in Permitted GFA but usually had restricted use as opening space, corridor or emergence escaping area. Since 2001, to encourage the incorporation of green features in building developments, further facilities could be excluded/disregard in GFA. and defined at Joint Practice Notes on protection and improvement of

1739-620: The only Oceanian country with supertall skyscrapers. South Asia currently has only one supertall building, Lokhandwala Minerva in Mumbai , India , which was built in 2023. South America's sole supertall building is Gran Torre Costanera in Santiago , Chile . Similarly, Africa has only one supertall building, the Iconic Tower , located in Egypt's New Administrative Capital . Tour F ,

1786-846: The remainder are in Russia –six in Moscow and one, the Lakhta Centre , in Saint Petersburg . All supertall buildings in Moscow are located in Moscow International Business Centre . The first of these was Moscow Tower in the City of Capitals complex, which was built in 2010. After Brexit , Varso Tower remains the only supertall building in the European Union. Mexico is the only country besides

1833-460: The right to decide on GFA matters based on the specific design of a development proposal on a case-by-case basis. With effect from January 2014, Private enclosed spaces (PES) and private roof terraces (PRT) are counted as part of the bonus GFA capped at 10% above the Master Plan that also includes balconies. Gross leasable area ( GLA ) is the amount of floor space available to be rented in

1880-801: The tallest building in the world at the time. Japan and South Korea both constructed their first supertall buildings in the 2010s; Japan with Abeno Harukas in Osaka in 2014, and South Korea with the Northeast Asia Trade Tower in Incheon in 2012. In North Korea , construction of the Ryugyong Hotel in Pyongyang has been completed, but the hotel remains unopened as of 2024. Baiyoke Tower II in Bangkok , Thailand became

1927-556: The three floors below them (which house building infrastructure). By 2022, "Day for Night" was also featuring monthly "Midnight Artist Series" by other artists, and sometimes themed content for occasions such as Lunar New Year or Pride . For Halloween 2018, in response to a petition that gathered 11,000 signatures, the light installation was made to look like the Eye of Sauron . As of 2021, this has happened on every subsequent Halloween, too. Developer Hines Interests Limited Partnership , with

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1974-491: The top of the building, consisting of 11,000 LEDs, displays video animations every evening that can be seen from up to 30 miles (50 kilometers) away. What is now the Salesforce Tower was planned as part of the San Francisco Transbay development , a redevelopment plan for the area surrounding the Salesforce Transit Center . The plan was adopted by the city in 2005. In 2011, the San Francisco Transbay Terminal

2021-456: The tower features a nine-story electronic light sculpture , "Day for Night", by artist Jim Campbell . At its activation on May 21, 2018, it was considered the tallest public art piece in the world, visible from up to 30 miles away. At the time, its daily schedule began at dusk with a display of the sunset's colors, followed by low resolution videos derived from footage filmed during the day by 12 cameras in various San Francisco locations (including

2068-400: The tower uses a design that is modeled to withstand the strongest earthquakes expected in the region. Its foundation includes 42 piles driven down nearly 300 feet (91 m) to bedrock and a 14-foot (4.3 m) thick foundation mat . The Salesforce Transit Center is located directly adjacent to the building, and is connected to the park level by a bridge on the 5th floor. The crown of

2115-505: Was completely demolished, beginning the plan, and in 2013, construction on the building began. Salesforce Tower was completed in 2018 for over $ 1.1 billion. By 2019, Boston Properties had acquired a 100% stake in the property. Salesforce Tower is located at 415 Mission Street , at the intersection of First and Fremont Street, south of Market Street and within the Financial District of San Francisco . The building's land lot

2162-601: Was followed a year later by the Empire State Building , which rose to a height of 381 meters (1,250 feet). No supertall buildings would be constructed for 38 years until the completion of the John Hancock Center in Chicago in 1969. The John Hancock Center was the first supertall to be built outside New York City. Supertalls remained the purview of New York City and Chicago until the completion of

2209-584: Was the last building designed by Pelli to be completed in his lifetime. As of 2024, Salesforce Tower is the tallest building in San Francisco and the second-tallest building both in California and west of the Mississippi River after the 1,100-foot (335 m) Wilshire Grand Center in Los Angeles . Salesforce Tower is obelisk -shaped, with a grid of metal fins running from the base of

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